Henley's Twentieth Century Formulas, Recipes and Processes

Part 1

«HENLEY’S TWENTIETH CENTURY RECIPES, FORMULAS AND PROCESSES»

CONTAINING TEN THOUSAND SELECTED HOUSEHOLD AND WORKSHOP FORMULAS, RECIPES, PROCESSES AND MONEY-SAVING METHODS FOR THE PRACTICAL USE OF MANUFACTURERS, MECHANICS, HOUSEKEEPERS AND HOME WORKERS

EDITED BY GARDNER D. HISCOX, M.E.

AUTHOR OF “MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS, POWERS AND DEVICES,” “COMPRESSED AIR,” “GAS, GASOLINE AND OIL ENGINES,” ETC., ETC.

1914 EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED

NEW YORK THE NORMAN W. HENLEY PUBLISHING COMPANY 132 NASSAU STREET 1914

COPYRIGHT, 1914 AND 1913, BY THE NORMAN W. HENLEY PUBLISHING COMPANY

COPYRIGHT, 1912 AND 1907, BY THE NORMAN W. HENLEY PUBLISHING COMPANY Also, Entered at Stationers’ Hall Court, London, England

All rights reserved

THE TROW PRESS, NEW YORK

«PREFACE»

In compiling this book of formulas, recipes and processes, the Editor has endeavored to meet the practical requirements of the home and workshop—the mechanic, the manufacturer, the artisan, the housewife, and the general home worker.

In addition to exercising the utmost care in selecting his materials from competent sources, the Editor has also modified formulas which were obviously ill adapted for his needs, but were valuable if altered. Processes of questionable merit he has discarded. By adhering to this plan the Editor trusts that he has succeeded in preparing a repository of useful knowledge representing the experience of experts in every branch of practical achievement. Much of the matter has been specially translated for this work from foreign technological periodicals and books. In this way the Editor has embodied much practical information otherwise inaccessible to most English-speaking people.

Each recipe is to be regarded as a basis of experiment, to be modified to suit the particular purpose in hand, or the peculiar conditions which may affect the experimenter. Chemicals are not always of uniform relative purity and strength; heat or cold may markedly influence the result obtained, and lack of skill in the handling of utensils and instruments may sometimes cause failure. Inasmuch as a particular formula may not always be applicable, the Editor has thought it advisable to give as many recipes as his space would allow under each heading. In some instances a series of formulas is given which apparently differ but slightly in their ingredients. This has been done on the principle that one or more may be chosen for the purpose in hand.

Recognizing the fact that works of a similar character are not unknown, the Editor has endeavored to present in these pages the most modern methods and formulas. Naturally, old recipes and so-called trade secrets which have proven their value by long use are also included, particularly where no noteworthy advance has been made; but the primary aim has been to modernize and bring the entire work up to the present date.

THE EDITOR.

JANUARY, 1914.

«PARTIAL LIST OF AUTHORITIES CONSULTED»

Apothecary, The. Berliner Drog. Zeitung. Brass World. British Journal of Photography. Chemical News. Chemiker Zeitung Repertorium. Chemisch Technische Fabrikant. Chemische Zeitung. Chemist-Druggist. Comptes Rendus. Cooley’s Receipts. Cosmos. Dekorationsmaler, Der. Deutsche Drog. Zeitung. Deutsche Goldschmiede Zeitung. Deutsche Handwerk. Deutsche Maler Zeitung. Deutsche Topfer und Ziefler Zeitung. Dingler’s Polytechnic Journal. Drogisten Zeitung. Druggists’ Circular. English Mechanic. Farben Zeitung. Gummi Zeitung. Journal der Goldschmiedekunst. Journal of Applied Microscopy. Journal of the Franklin Institute. Journal Society of Chemical Industry. Journal Suisse d’Horlogerie. Keramische Rundschau. La Nature. La Science en Famille. La Vie Scientifique. Lack und Farben Industrie. Legierungen. Le Genie Civil. Le Praticien. Leipziger Farber und Zeugdrucker Zeitung. Maler Zeitung. Metallarbeiter. Mining and Scientific Press. Neueste Erfindungen und Erfahrungen. Nouvelles Scientifiques. Oils, Colors, and Drysalteries. Papier-Zeitung. Parfumer, Der. Pharmaceutische Zeitung. Pharmaceutische Centralhalle. Pharmaceutische Era. Pharmaceutische Journal. Pharmaceutische Journal Formulary. Photo Times. Polytech. Centralblatt. Polyt. Notizblatt. Popular Science News. Pottery Gazette. Practical Druggist. Revue Chronometrique. Revue de la Droguerie. Revue des Produits Chimiques. Revue Industrielle. Science, Arts and Nature. Science Pratique. Seifensieder Zeitung, Der. Seifenfabrikant, Der. Spatula. Stein der Weisen, Der. Sudd. Apoth. Zeitung. Technisches Centralblatt. Technische Rundschau. Uhland’s Technische Rundschau. Verzinnen Verzinken Vernickeln, Das. Werkmeister Zeitung. Wiener Drogisten Zeitung. Wiener Gewerbe Zeitung. Zeitschrift für die Gesammte Kohlensaure Industrie.

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«HENLEY’S BOOK OF RECIPES»

ABRASION REMEDY: See Cosmetics and Ointments.

ABSINTHE: See Wines and Liquors.

«Acid-Proofing»

«An Acid-Proof Table Top.»—

Copper sulphate 1 part Potassium chlorate 1 part Water 8 parts

Boil until salts are dissolved.

Aniline hydrochlorate 3 parts Water 20 parts

Part 2

Or, if more readily procurable:

Aniline 6 parts Hydrochloric acid 9 parts Water 50 parts

By the use of a brush two coats of solution No. 1 are applied while hot; the second coat as soon as the first is dry. Then two coats of solution No. 2, and the wood allowed to dry thoroughly. Later, a coat of raw linseed oil is to be applied, using a cloth instead of a brush, in order to get a thinner coat of the oil.

A writer in the Journal of Applied Microscopy states that he has used this method upon some old laboratory tables which had been finished in the usual way, the wood having been filled oiled, and varnished. After scraping off the varnish down to the wood, the solutions were applied, and the result was very satisfactory.

After some experimentations the formula was modified without materially affecting the cost, and apparently increasing the resistance of the wood to the action of strong acids and alkalies. The modified formula follows:

Iron sulphate 4 parts Copper sulphate 4 parts Potassium permanganate 8 parts Water, q. s. 100 parts

Aniline 12 parts Hydrochloric acid 18 parts Water, q. s. 100 parts

Or:

Aniline hydrochlorate 15 parts Water, q. s. 100 parts

Solution No. 2 has not been changed, except to arrange the parts per hundred.

The method of application is the same, except that after solution No. 1 has dried the excess of the solution which has dried upon the surface of the wood is thoroughly rubbed off before the application of solution No. 2. The black color does not appear at once, but usually requires a few hours before becoming ebony black. The linseed oil may be diluted with turpentine without disadvantage, and after a few applications the surface will take on a dull and not displeasing polish. The table tops are easily cleaned by washing with water or suds after a course of work is completed, and the application of another coat of oil puts them in excellent order for another course of work. Strong acids or alkalies when spilled, if soon wiped off, have scarcely a perceptible effect.

A slate or tile top is expensive not only in its original cost, but also as a destroyer of glassware. Wood tops when painted, oiled, or paraffined have objectionable features, the latter especially in warm weather. Old table tops, after the paint or oil is scraped off down to the wood, take the above finish nearly as well as the new wood.

«To Make Wood Acid- and Chlorine-Proof.»—Take 6 pounds of wood tar and 12 pounds rosin, and melt them together in an iron kettle, after which stir in 8 pounds finely powdered brick dust. The damaged parts must be cleaned perfectly and dried, whereupon they may be painted over with the warm preparation or filled up and drawn off, leaving the film on the inside.

«Protecting Cement Against Acid.»—A paint to protect cement against acid is obtained by mixing pure asbestos, very finely powdered, with a thick solution of {10} sodium silicate. The sodium silicate must be as alkaline as possible. The asbestos is first rubbed with a small quantity of the silicate, until a cake is obtained and then kept in well-closed vessels. For use this cake is simply thinned with a solution of the silicate, which furnishes a paint two or three applications of which protect the walls of reservoirs, etc., against any acid solid or liquid. This mass may also be employed for making a coating of sandstone.

«To Make Corks Impermeable and Acid-Proof.»—Choose your corks carefully. Then plunge them into a solution of gelatin or common glue, 15 parts, in 24 parts of glycerine and 500 parts of water, heated to 44° or 48° C. (112°–120° F.), and keep them there for several hours. On removing the corks, which should be weighted down in the solution, dry them in the shade until they are free from all surplus moisture. They are now perfectly tight, retaining at the same time the greater portion of their elasticity and suppleness. To render them acid-proof, they should be treated with a mixture of vaseline, 2 parts, and paraffine 7 parts, heated to about 105° F. This second operation may be avoided by adding to the gelatin solution a little ammonium dichromate and afterwards exposing the corks to the light.

«Lining for Acid Receptacles.»—Plates are formed of 1 part of brown slate, 2 of powdered glass, and 1 of Portland cement, the whole worked up with silicate of soda, molded and dried. Make a cement composed of ground slate and silicate of soda and smear the surface for the lining; then, while it is still plastic, apply the plates prepared as above described. Instead of these plates, slabs of glass or porcelain or similar substances may be employed with the same cement.

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