Part 417

Soft Toilet Soaps.—Soft toilet soaps or creams may be prepared from fresh lard with a small addition of cocoanut oil and caustic potash solution, by the cold process or by boiling. For the cold process, 23 parts of fresh lard and 2 parts of Cochin cocoanut oil are warmed in a jacketed pan, and when the temperature reaches 113° F. are treated with 9 parts of caustic potash and 2 1⁠/⁠2 parts of caustic soda solution, both of 38° Bé. strength, the whole being stirred until saponification is complete. The soap is transferred to a large marble mortar and pounded along with the following scenting ingredients: 0.15 parts of oil of bitter almonds and 0.02 parts of oil of geranium rose, or 0.1 part of the latter, and 0.05 parts of lemon oil. The warm process is preferable, experience having shown that boiling is essential to the proper saponification of the fats. In this method, 80 parts of lard and 20 parts of Cochin cocoanut oil are melted together in a large pan, 100 parts of potash lye (20° Bé.) being then crutched in by degrees, and the mass raised to boiling point. The combined influence of the heat and crutching vaporizes part of the water in the lye, and the soap thickens. When the soap has combined, the fire is made up, and another 80 parts of the same potash lye are crutched in gradually. The soap gets thicker and thicker as the water is expelled and finally throws up “roses” on the surface, indicating that it is nearly finished. At this stage it must be crutched vigorously, to prevent scorching against the bottom of the pan and the resulting more or less dark coloration. The evaporation period may be shortened by using only 50 to 60 parts of lye at first, and fitting with lye of 25° to 30° strength. For working on the large scale iron pans heated by steam are used, a few makers employing silver-lined vessels, which have the advantage that they are not attacked by the alkali. Tinned copper pans are also useful. The process takes from 7 to 8 hours, and when the soap is finished it is transferred into stoneware vessels for storage. Clear vegetable oils (castor oil) may be used, but the soaps lack the requisite nacreous luster required.

«TRANSPARENT SOAPS.»

The mode of production is the same for all. The fats are melted together, sifted into a double boiler, and the lye is stirred in at 111° F. Cover up for an hour, steam being allowed to enter slowly. There is now a clear, grain-like soap in the kettle, into which the sugar solution and the alcohol are crutched, whereupon the kettle is covered up. If cuttings are to be used, they are now added. When same are melted, the kettle will contain a thin, clear soap, which is colored and scented as per directions, and subsequently filled into little iron molds and cooled.

«Rose-Glycerine Soap.»—

I.—Cochin cocoanut oil 70,000 parts Compressed tallow 40,000 parts Castor oil 30,000 parts Caustic soda lye, 38° Bé 79,000 parts Sugar 54,000 parts

Dissolved in

Water 60,000 parts Alcohol 40,000 parts Geranium oil (African) 250 parts Lemon oil 200 parts Palmarosa oil 1,200 parts Bergamot oil 80 parts

«Benzoin-Glycerine Soap.»—

II.—Cochin cocoanut oil 66,000 parts Compressed tallow 31,000 parts {653} Castor oil 35,000 parts Caustic soda lye, 38° Bé 66,000 parts Sugar 35,000 parts

Dissolved in

Water 40,000 parts Alcohol 35,000 parts Brown, No. 120 200 parts Powdered benzoin (Siam) 4,200 parts Styrax liquid 1,750 parts Tincture of benzoin 1,400 parts Peru balsam 700 parts Lemon oil 200 parts Clove oil 70 parts

«Sunflower-Glycerine Soap.»—

III.—Cochin cocoanut oil 70,000 parts Compressed tallow 50,000 parts Castor oil 23,000 parts Caustic soda lye, 39° Bé 71,000 parts Sugar 40,000 parts

Dissolved in

Water 30,000 parts Alcohol 40,000 parts Brown, No. 55 250 parts Geranium oil 720 parts Bergamot oil 300 parts Cedar-wood oil 120 parts Palmarosa oil 400 parts Vanillin 10 parts Tonka tincture 400 parts

«MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAS:»

«Szegedin Soap.»—Tallow, 120 parts; palm kernel oil, 80 parts. Saponify well with about 200 parts of lye of 24° Bé. and add, with constant stirring, the following fillings in rotation, viz., potash solution, 20° Bé., 150 parts, and cooling salt solution 20° Bé., 380 parts.

«Instrument Soap.»—A soap for cleaning surgical instruments, and other articles of polished steel, which have become specked with rust by exposure, is made by adding precipitated chalk to a strong solution of cyanide of potassium in water, until a cream-like paste is obtained. Add to this white castile soap in fine shavings, and rub the whole together in a mortar, until thoroughly incorporated. The article to be cleaned should be first immersed, if possible, in a solution of 1 part of cyanide of potash in 4 parts of water, and kept there until the surface dirt and rust disappears. It should then be polished with the soap, made as above directed.

«Stain-Removing Soaps.»—These are prepared in two ways, either by making a special soap, or by mixing ordinary soap with special detergents. A good recipe is as follows:

I.—Ceylon cocoanut or palm seed oil 320 pounds Caustic soda lye, 38° Bé 160 pounds Carbonate of potash, 20° Bé 56 pounds Oil of turpentine 9 pounds Finely powdered kieselguhr 280 pounds Brilliant green 2 pounds

The oil having been fused, the dye is mixed with some of it and stirred into the contents of the pan. The kieselguhr is then crutched in from a sieve, then the lye, and then the carbonate of potash. These liquids are poured in in a thin stream. When the soap begins to thicken, add the turpentine, mold, and cover up the molds.

II.—Rosin grain soap 1,000 pounds Talc (made to a paste with weak carbonate of potash) 100 pounds Oil of turpentine 4 pounds Benzine 3 pounds

Mix the talc and soap by heat, and when cool enough add the turpentine and benzine, and mold.

III.—Cocoanut oil 600 pounds Tallow 400 pounds Caustic soda lye 500 pounds Fresh ox gall 200 pounds Oil of turpentine 12 pounds Ammonia (sp. gr., 0.91) 6 pounds Benzine 5 pounds

Saponify by heat, cool, add the gall and the volatile liquids, and mold.

«Soap Substitutes.»—

I.—Linseed oil 28 pounds Sulphur 8 pounds Aluminum soap 28 pounds Oil of turpentine 4 pounds

II.—Aluminum soap 15 pounds Almadina 25 pounds Caoutchouc 50 pounds Sulphur 6 pounds Oleum succini 4 pounds