Part 229

I.—Boric acid 2 ounces Zinc oleate 1 ounce Talcum 3 ounces

II.—Oleate of zinc (powdered) 1⁠/⁠2 ounce Boric acid 1 ounce French chalk 5 ounces Starch 1 1⁠/⁠2 ounces

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III.—Dried alum 1 drachm Salicylic acid 1⁠/⁠2 drachm Wheat starch 4 drachms Powdered talc 1 1⁠/⁠2 ounces

IV.—Formaldehyde solution 1 part Thymol 1⁠/⁠10 part Zinc oxide 35 parts Powdered starch 65 parts

V.—Salicylic acid 7 drachms Boric acid 2 ounces, 440 grains Talcum 38 ounces Slippery elm bark 1 ounce Orris root 1 ounce

VI.—Talc 12 ounces Boric acid 10 ounces Zinc oleate 1 ounce Salicylic acid 1 ounce Oil of eucalyptus 2 drachms

VII.—Salicylic acid 7 drachms Boric acid 3 ounces Talcum 38 ounces Slippery elm, powdered 1 ounce Orris, powdered 1 ounce

«Salicylated Talcum.»—

I.—Salicylic acid 1 drachm Talcum 6 ounces Lycopodium 6 drachms Starch 3 ounces Zinc oxide 1 ounce Perfume, quantity sufficient.

II.—Tannoform 1 drachm Talcum 2 drachms Lycopodium 30 grains

Use as a dusting powder.

«Solutions for Perspiring Feet.»—

I.—Balsam Peru 15 minims Formic acid 1 drachm Chloral hydrate 1 drachm Alcohol to make 3 ounces.

Apply by means of absorbent cotton.

II.—Boric acid 15 grains Sodium borate 6 drachms Salicylic acid 6 drachms Glycerine 1 1⁠/⁠2 ounces Alcohol to make 3 ounces.

For local application.

FOOTSORES ON CATTLE: See Veterinary Formulas.

«FORMALDEHYDE:»

See also Disinfectants, Foods, and Milk.

«Commercial Formaldehyde.»—This extremely poisonous preservative is obtained by passing the vapors of wood spirit, in the presence of air, over copper heated to redness. The essential parts of the apparatus employed are a metal chamber into which a feed-tube enters, and from which 4 parallel copper tubes or oxidizers discharge by a common exit tube. This chamber is fitted with inspection apertures, through which the course of the process may be watched and controlled. The wood spirit, stored in a reservoir, falls into a mixer where it is volatilized and intimately mixed with air from a chamber which is connected with a force pump. The gases after traversing the oxidizer are led into a condensing coil, and the crude formaldehyde is discharged into the receiver beneath.

The small amount of uncondensed gas is then led through a series of two washers. The “formol” thus obtained is a mixture of water, methyl alcohol, and 30 to 40 per cent of formaldehyde. It is rectified in a still, by which the free methyl alcohol is removed and pure formol obtained, containing 40 per cent of formaldehyde, chiefly in the form of the acetal. Rectification must not be pushed too far, otherwise the formaldehyde may become polymerized into trioxmethylene. When once oxidation starts, the heat generated is sufficient to keep the oxidizers red hot, so that the process works practically automatically.

«Determination of the Presence of Formaldehyde in Solutions.»—Lemme makes use, for this purpose, of the fact that formaldehyde, in neutral solutions of sodium sulphite, forms normal bisulphite salts, setting free a corresponding quantity of sodium hydrate, that may be titrated with sulphuric acid and phenolphthalein. The sodium sulphite solution has an alkaline reaction toward phenolphthalein, and must be exactly neutralized with sodium bisulphite. Then to 100 cubic centimeters of this solution of 250 grams of sodium sulphite (Na〈2〉SO〈3〉 + 7 H_〈2〉O) in 750 grams water, add 5 cubic centimeters of the suspected formaldehyde solution. A strong red color is instantly produced. Titrate with normal sulphuric acid until the color disappears. As the exact disappearance of the color is not easily determined, a margin of from 0.1 to 0.2 cubic centimeters may be allowed without the exactness of the reaction being injured, since 1 cubic centimeter of normal acid answers to only 0.03 grams of formaldehyde.

FORMALIN FOR GRAIN SMUT: See Grain. {363}

«FRAMES: THEIR PROTECTION FROM FLIES.»

Since there is great risk of damaging the gilt when trying to remove flyspecks with spirits of wine, it has been found serviceable to cover gilding with a copal varnish. This hardens and will stand rough treatment, and may be renewed wherever removed.

FRAME CLEANING: See Cleaning Preparations and Methods.

FRAME POLISHES: See Polishes.