Part 186

EGG DYES: See Dyes.

EGG LEMONADE: See Beverages, under Lemonade.

EGG PHOSPHATE: See Beverages.

EGG-STAIN REMOVER: See Cleaning Preparations and Methods.

EGGS, TESTS FOR: See Foods.

EIKONOGEN DEVELOPER: See Photography.

EKTOGAN: See Antiseptics. {286}

«ELAINE SUBSTITUTE.»

A substitute for elaine for woolen yarns is obtained by boiling 4 pounds carrageen moss in 25 gallons water for 3 hours. The soda is then put in and the boiling continued for another half hour; 2 pounds fleabane seeds are gradually added, and a little water to make up for the evaporation. After a further 1 1⁠/⁠2 hours boiling, the extract is passed through a fine sieve and well mixed with 25 pounds cottonseed oil, 12 1⁠/⁠2 pounds sweet oil, and 12 1⁠/⁠2 pounds ammonia solution of 0.96 specific gravity. Next day stir in 25 pounds saponified elaine and 13 pounds of odorless petroleum of 0.885 specific gravity. The resulting emulsion keeps well, dissolves perfectly in lukewarm water, and answers its purpose excellently.

ELECTRODEPOSITION PROCESSES: See Plating.

ELECTROLYSIS IN BOILERS: See Boiler Compounds.

«Electroplating and Electrotyping»

(See also Plating.)

«PROCESS OF ELECTROPLATING.»

First, clean the articles to be plated. To remove grease, warm the pieces before a slow fire of charcoal or coke, or in a dull red stove. Delicate or soldered articles should be boiled in a solution of caustic potash, the latter being dissolved in 10 times its weight of water.

The scouring bath is composed of 100 parts of water to from 5 to 20 parts of sulphuric acid. The articles may be put in hot and should be left in the bath till the surface turns to an ocher red tint.

The articles, after having been cleansed of grease by the potash solution, must be washed in water and rinsed before being scoured. Copper or glass tongs must then be used for moving the articles, as they must not afterwards be handled. For small pieces, suitable earthenware or porcelain strainers may be used.

The next stage is the spent nitric acid bath. This consists of nitric acid weakened by previous use. The articles are left in until the red color disappears, so that after rinsing they show a uniform metallic tint. The rinsing should be thoroughly carried out.

Having been well shaken and drained, the articles are next subjected to the strong nitric acid bath, which is made up as follows:

Nitric acid of 36° Bé 100 volumes Chloride of sodium (common salt) 1 volume Calcined soot (lampblack) 1 volume

The articles must be immersed in this bath for only a few seconds. Avoid overheating or using too cold a bath. They are next rinsed thoroughly with cold water and are again subjected to a strong nitric acid bath to give them a bright or dull appearance as required.

To produce a bright finish, plunge them for a few seconds (moving them about rapidly at the same time) in a cold bath of the following composition:

Nitric acid 100 volumes Sulphuric acid 100 volumes Chloride of sodium 1 volume

Again rinse thoroughly in cold water. The corresponding bath giving a dull or matt appearance is composed of:

Nitric acid 200 volumes Sulphuric acid 100 volumes Sea salt 1 volume Sulphate of zinc 1 to 5 volumes

The duration of immersion in this bath varies from 5 to 20 minutes, according to the dullness required. Wash with plenty of water. The articles will then have an unpleasant appearance, which will disappear on plunging them for a moment into the brightening bath and rinsing quickly.

The pieces are next treated with the nitrate of mercury bath for a few seconds.

Plain water 10,000 parts Nitrate of mercury 10 parts Sulphuric acid 20 parts