wunder betaScience Classes
1960 free science classes on Wunder — short, fact-checked courses and lessons with narration and a quiz. Filter by age — each link is its own page, not a JavaScript toggle.
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How does a salmon find its home river?
Follow salmon from freshwater to the open ocean and back as magnetic cues provide broad direction and learned river odors refine the final search.
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How Refrigerators Work
See how a sealed vapor-compression loop moves heat out of a refrigerator, and how controls, defrost, refrigerants, and insulation shape the result.
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How Whales Hold Their Breath
Follow oxygen from a whale's lungs into its blood and muscles, then see how heart rate, blood flow, flexible lungs, and gliding stretch a dive.
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How the Kidney Filters Blood
Follow blood through the glomerulus and nephron as pressure, reabsorption, secretion, and dialysis shape what leaves the body as urine.
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How Do Cells Copy DNA?
Follow the replication fork as helicase opens DNA, polymerase builds new strands, Okazaki fragments are joined, and proofreading protects the copied sequence.
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How Does a Coral Polyp Build a Reef?
Follow a tiny coral polyp as it partners with algae, deposits calcium carbonate, reproduces, and joins generations of builders to create a reef.
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How does anaesthesia switch off consciousness?
Trace how anaesthetic drugs alter receptors, arousal, networks, and bedside signals—and why no single monitor is a direct readout of consciousness.
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How do coastal wetlands improve water quality?
Trace how runoff, tides, sediment, plants, and microbes change pollutants in coastal wetlands—and learn why retention is not always permanent removal.
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How does the immune system remember a virus?
Trace how antigen-specific cells and antibodies preserve a trained response, then see why boosters can make recall faster without guaranteeing perfect protection.
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How do coastal wetlands recover from storms?
Follow surge, waves, erosion, sediment, surviving roots, and restoration to see why one storm can damage a wetland and also reshape its path to recovery.
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How Coastal Wetlands Adapt to Rising Seas
See how water levels, elevation, sediment, migration space, and living shorelines shape wetland resilience—and why adaptation must keep uncertainty and tradeoffs visible.
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Blue Carbon: How Coastal Wetlands Store Carbon
Follow carbon through marshes, mangroves, and seagrass—from plant growth and tidal export to buried soil, disturbance, restoration, and honest climate accounting.
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How Coastal Wetlands Connect Land and Sea
Follow water, sediment, nutrients, and animals through connected coastal wetlands, and see how tides, barriers, and restoration change the route.
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How to make pizza dough
Mix flour, lukewarm water, salt, and yeast, knead until it is smooth, and wait until it is puffy. A first dough tonight, with the science that makes it stretch.
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How to make tiramisu
Cook the yolks to 160°F, keep the mascarpone cold, and roll hard ladyfingers for two seconds. A first pan tonight, with the science that makes it stand.
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How to make french toast
Dry the bread, mix three eggs to a cup of milk, and soak until a slim dry spine remains. A first plate tonight, with the science that keeps the center custard.
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How to make mashed potatoes
Rinse the starch, rice the russets, fold the butter before the milk. A first pot tonight, with the science that keeps it fluffy.
👂
How Hearing Aids Work
Trace sound through a hearing aid's microphone, digital processing, receiver, feedback control, and fitting—and see why better access to sound is not the same as normal hearing.
🌌
How Cold Is Space? Heat, Shade, and Spacecraft
Learn why space has a cold radiation background but spacecraft, lunar soil, and telescope instruments can reach very different temperatures.
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How Dogs Read Human Faces
Learn how dogs use human faces alongside voice, body posture, attention, and experience - without turning a glance into a human emotion label.
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How 51 Pegasi b Revealed the First Hot Jupiter
Learn how a star's tiny, repeating wobble revealed 51 Pegasi b and changed the search for planets around Sun-like stars.
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How Astronomers Weigh Black Holes
Learn how stellar orbits, binary companions, gravitational lensing, and the Event Horizon Telescope turn invisible black holes into measurable objects.
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Meteorite Clocks: Dating the Early Solar System
Follow a meteorite from mineral selection to isotope measurement, and learn how scientists separate a date from the story it tells.
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What Happens to the Body in Space Without a Spacesuit
Follow the pressure, oxygen, and gas changes that make an unprotected vacuum exposure an emergency, then see how a spacesuit prevents them.
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How a Forest Recovers After Fire
Follow surviving roots, seed sources, succession, and changing recovery clocks to understand why forests may return after fire without returning in exactly the same form.
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How a Telescope Sees Distant Galaxies
Follow delayed light from a galaxy through mirrors, detectors, deep exposures, multiple wavelengths, and redshift - and learn which conclusions are measurements and which depend on models.
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How Serial Dilution Works
1.0 milliliter into 9.0 milliliters. Mix. That tube is one-tenth the last, and the next tube is one-tenth of this one — a chain, not a single heroic pipette.
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How Spacesuit Gloves Keep Hands Alive and Working
See how pressure, layered protection, and human-centered testing let a spacesuit glove keep an astronaut’s hand safe and useful.
☄️
Chicxulub: The Crater Beneath the Yucatán
Trace how geophysical data, rocks, and fossils reveal the buried Chicxulub impact and its global consequences.
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Why a Nuclear Reactor Still Needs Cooling After Shutdown
Follow a reactor from control-rod insertion to cold shutdown and see why stopping fission is only the first safety job.
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How a Helicopter Lands Without Engine Power
Follow the energy trade that lets a helicopter descend, preserve rotor rpm, and land after engine power is lost.
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The Dead Sea's Vanishing Water
Follow the Dead Sea's retreat from a closed basin and diverted river to salt ponds, sinkholes, and a regional water decision.
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Winter at the South Pole
Follow the first winter crew at the South Pole as they turn a remote summer station into a working scientific outpost through months of darkness.
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Why Rockets Launch East
Learn how Earth's rotation gives eastward launches a head start, and why orbit, latitude, and safety can outweigh that bonus.
🛣️
The Hidden Engineering of a Road’s Slope
Every road is quietly tilted to move rain off the wheel path. Trace camber from the crown to the drain and see why a curve has to break its own rule.
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The Drake Equation: Counting Civilizations Without False Precision
Use the Drake equation to separate what astronomy measures from what biology and technology still leave uncertain.
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Antonov An-225 Mriya: Engineering a Giant
See how one specialized aircraft’s engines, twin tail, landing gear, and loading systems grew from the problem of moving extraordinary cargo.
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How Ocean Birds Fly and Sleep
See how albatrosses harvest wind for long ocean journeys, then compare their strategy with frigatebirds that sleep in short bursts and swifts that stay airborne for months.
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Maglev: The Track That Becomes a Motor
See how magnetic levitation replaces wheel contact, turns the guideway into a motor, and trades rolling friction for the costs of a precise high-speed network.
🐙
Why Octopus Blood Is Blue
Follow the copper chemistry, gills, three hearts, and costly jet propulsion behind an octopus's blue blood.
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How Nuclear Submarines Stay Underwater
Follow nuclear propulsion from fission heat to steam, then see how life support, water, food, sensors, and routines make long submerged patrols possible.
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How Ants Find Their Way Home
Follow an ant's trip home as it combines an internal compass, distance tracking, landmarks, scent, and a final search.
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The Story of the Solar System
You are being told you cannot do astronomy without a great telescope. Chambers’s answer is a painter at an attic window, with two and a half inches of glass.
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The Flower Garden
Bennett's 1903 handbook starts in a hammock: south slope, then soil, then glass. You learn shifting from repotting, and why a wet cover can kill what frost would spare.
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How to Read a Residual Plot
Read residual plots to spot curvature, changing spread, outliers, and other clues about how well a regression model fits.
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The Cascade Range: Fire, Ice, and Water
Read the Cascade Range as a living system of subduction, volcanoes, glaciers, rivers, and weather.
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Linear Regression: Read the Model
Read a regression line by separating observed values, predictions, slope, intercept, residuals, and the limits of extrapolation.
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Newton's Second Law: Forces, Mass, and Acceleration
Build free-body diagrams, add force vectors, and use Newton's second law to predict acceleration without confusing mass, weight, normal force, or friction.
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How to Read Rock Layers in Time
Use layers, faults, intrusions, and unconformities to reconstruct which geologic events came first, then separate relative order from numerical age.
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How to Read a Food Web
Read arrow direction, trace feeding paths, and make cautious predictions about energy and population changes in a food web.
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Reading Climate Graphs
Learn to read temperature and precipitation axes, find wet and dry seasons, calculate annual temperature range, and write a bounded climate-graph interpretation.
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Understanding Confidence Intervals
Learn to read confidence intervals, explain their repeated-sampling meaning, and judge precision, assumptions, and population claims.
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How to Use a Spectrophotometer
Set up a spectrophotometer, choose a compatible cuvette and wavelength, blank correctly, and check whether an absorbance result is trustworthy.
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Genotype and Phenotype: What Genes Can Tell You
Separate inherited genetic information from observable traits, then use simple inheritance models without mistaking a phenotype for a DNA result.
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Mitosis and Meiosis: Reading Cell-Division Diagrams
Learn to distinguish mitosis from meiosis by tracing homologs and sister chromatids, counting chromosome sets, and using the sequence and outcome as evidence.
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How to Read a Transcription Diagram
Follow a DNA diagram from promoter to RNA product: identify the template strand, read its direction, and separate transcription from eukaryotic RNA processing.
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Writing Equilibrium Constant Expressions
Turn balanced reversible equations into equilibrium expressions, choose concentrations or partial pressures, omit pure phases, and use Q to predict the direction of change.
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How to Calculate Standard Cell Potential
Use reduction-potential tables to identify cathode and anode, calculate standard cell potential, and know when the Nernst equation is needed.
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How to Calculate Percent Error
Calculate percent error from a measured and accepted value, keep units and rounding honest, and separate accuracy from precision.
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Reading Calibration Curves
Learn to read calibration curves, prepare and inspect standards, solve a linear calibration equation, check the working range, and report an unknown with its limits.
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Reading Reaction-Energy Diagrams
Learn to read reaction-energy diagrams, calculate activation barriers and ΔH, distinguish rate from overall energy change, and see how catalysts reshape the pathway.
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How to Read Titration Curves
Read axes, locate equivalence, distinguish endpoint from chemistry, and use titration data to estimate concentration and pKa.
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Carrying Capacity and Logistic Growth
Learn to read carrying capacity and logistic growth curves, distinguish exponential growth from resource-limited growth, and explain plateaus, changing ceilings, and overshoot.
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Reading Velocity-Time Graphs
Learn to read velocity-time graphs by connecting height, slope, and signed area to velocity, acceleration, and displacement.
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How to Use Dimensional Analysis in Chemistry
Learn to convert units with visible cancellation, move between mass and moles, handle squared and cubed units, and audit chemistry answers by their dimensions.
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How to Use the Ideal Gas Law
Learn to identify the four gas variables, match units to the gas constant, solve direct and two-state problems, and recognize when the ideal model may fail.
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Newton's Second Law
F_net = ma — net force, mass, and acceleration. Resolve components, separate mass from weight, and check units before you trust the number.
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How to Choose a Statistical Test
Turn a research question into a defensible statistical test by matching variables, group structure, dependence, study design, and uncertainty.
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How Chi-Square Tests Read Categorical Counts
Learn how chi-square tests compare observed and expected category counts, choose the right test, check its assumptions, and explain what a p-value does and does not show.
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Faraday's Forces of Nature
A sick Faraday pulls a sheet of paper over with a string, then without touching it, and asks you how few powers run the world.
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Reading Phylogenetic Trees
Learn to read phylogenetic trees as maps of shared ancestry, using roots, nodes, topology, branch lengths, clades, and evidence.
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How Chemical Equilibria Shift
Learn how concentration, pressure, temperature, inert gases, and catalysts affect a chemical equilibrium—and when the reaction quotient can check your prediction.
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How MRI Makes Images
See how MRI uses proton magnetism, radiofrequency pulses, gradients, and reconstruction to turn measurements into images—then learn why safety screening matters.
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How Ultrasound Imaging Works
Follow a medical ultrasound pulse from the probe through tissue and back again, then see how timing, echoes, Doppler, and imaging limits shape the picture.
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How Skyscrapers Stand
Trace a skyscraper's forces from wind and floors through foundations and into the ground, including the temporary systems that make deep construction possible.
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Climate Graphs
Temperature as a line, rain as bars, months across the bottom. Learn to read climographs, climate normals, and the jump from pattern to Köppen regime.
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Mitosis and Meiosis
One division keeps your chromosome count; two divisions halve it for gametes. Learn to read the X, spot homologs, and ask what a figure is for.
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How to Read Geological Cross-Sections
Read layers, faults, intrusions, and unconformities as evidence, then turn their visible relationships into a cautious relative sequence of geological events.
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How Torque Works
Learn to find torque from force, lever arm, and angle, assign its direction, and test whether opposing turning effects balance.
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How to Read Phase Diagrams
Learn to read temperature-pressure axes, identify stable phases and coexistence boundaries, and trace melting, boiling, sublimation, and supercritical behavior.
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How to Pipette Accurately
Choose the right micropipette, control aspiration and dispensing, select forward or reverse technique, and verify delivered volume with repeatable measurements.
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How DNA Replication Works
Follow DNA replication from template strands and RNA primers to 5-prime-to-3-prime synthesis, leading and lagging strands, Okazaki fragments, and ligation.
📄
How Paper Is Made
Follow wood chips or recovered paper through pulping, screening, web forming, pressing, drying, calendering, and winding.
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Jelly-Fish, Star-Fish, and Sea-Urchins
Snip the rim of a Sarsia and the bell goes still — while the thread you cut off keeps beating. An 1885 seaside physiology of animals with no brain.
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How to Calculate Molarity
Calculate molarity from moles, mass, and solution volume, then use units to prepare and dilute solutions without losing the thread.
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How the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation Works
Use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to connect pKa, conjugate-pair ratios, buffer pH, capacity, and the limits of the approximation.
🔥
How Float Glass Is Made
Follow a measured batch of sand, soda ash, limestone, and cullet into a furnace, across a molten-tin bath, and through a cooling lehr. See how one continuous ribbon becomes reliable flat glass.
✈️
How Jet Engines Work
Follow air through a jet engine as compressors, combustors, turbines, and fans turn fuel energy into thrust.
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Cassell's Natural History, Vol. 1
At sunset an aye-aye taps a worm-eaten branch with a finger like bent wire. A Victorian mammal book that teaches you to test a story against a body.
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How Suspension Bridges Work
Trace loads from deck to hangers, cables, towers, anchorages, and foundations, then see how wind, construction, and maintenance shape a bridge's safety.
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How Municipal Water Treatment Works
Follow a drop from a changing source through clarification, filtration, disinfection, and the distribution system that carries it to your tap.
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How Traffic Signals Work
See how phases, detectors, timing plans, and pedestrian service turn a busy intersection into a coordinated control system.
❄️
How Does a Refrigerator Move Heat?
Follow heat through the compressor, condenser, expansion device, and evaporator to see why a refrigerator cools its food while warming the room.
🍅
How does a food system work?
Trace food from inputs to meals, then use boundaries, controls, measures, and trade-offs to see how the whole system shapes the result.
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How does manufacturing work?
Map manufacturing as inputs, transformations, measurements, controls, and failure boundaries without pretending every factory works the same way.
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On the Origin of Species
Beagle patterns, pigeon breeds, island maps, and an entangled bank: Darwin’s 1859 Abstract argues for descent with modification — and takes the eye and sterile ants seriously.
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How to Draw a Free-Body Diagram
Learn to isolate one object and identify weight, normal force, and friction on a free-body diagram.
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How to Solve Thin-Lens Equations
Use signed distances, magnification, and ray diagrams to solve and check thin-lens problems.
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How a farm works as a system
Map a farm as a system: identify its inputs, activities, controls, outputs, and feedback without pretending every farm works the same way.
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How Energy Pyramids Work
Read an energy pyramid correctly, explain why it narrows upward, and distinguish energy from biomass and organism counts.
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How Does Ohm’s Law Work?
Use voltage, current, and resistance together, read the slope of a voltage-current graph, and check circuit results with power.
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Fragments of Earth Lore
James Geikie’s 1893 essays teach you to read hills, valleys, erratics, and missing rock layers as a damaged archive—and to keep his field method while updating his climate engines.
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The Taleef Shereef
Calcutta, 1833. After twenty-six years as a surgeon in India, George Playfair translates a Unani materia medica because his Pharmacopeia has no name for the medicines he has watched other physicians use.
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How Do Series and Parallel Resistors Work?
Trace current and voltage through series and parallel resistor networks, reduce mixed circuits, and check your result with power.
🌊
Reading Wave Diagrams
Read wavelength, amplitude, frequency, period, phase, and wave type from clear diagrams.
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How to Read an RNA Codon Chart
Keep the reading frame fixed as you use an RNA codon chart to translate triplets into amino acids and recognize start and stop signals.
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How Does Density Work?
Calculate density from mass and volume, measure irregular objects, and interpret floating without overclaiming.
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Exponential Population Growth
Understand why exponential growth accelerates, how the model dN/dt = rN works, and why real populations cannot grow this way forever.
🌡️
Reading Heating Curves
Read slopes and plateaus on a heating curve, then connect phase changes with pressure, latent heat, and energy equations.
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Momentum and Collisions
Learn how system boundaries, signed velocity, and external impulse determine whether momentum is conserved in a collision.
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Refraction and Snell’s Law
Learn how light bends at a boundary, why angles use the normal, and when total internal reflection can occur.
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Balancing Acid-Base Equations
Learn to balance acid-base equations by separating formulas, coefficients, ions, charge, and mole ratios.
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How Does Gel Electrophoresis Separate DNA?
Learn how charge, gel pores, migration distance, and a DNA ladder turn an invisible mixture into a readable pattern.
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Oxidation Numbers: A Practical Guide
Learn to assign oxidation numbers, solve unknowns, and use changes in the numbers to identify redox reactions.
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A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis
Learn how a 1908 laboratory manual turns specimens into evidence, then separate its durable habits of checking from its obsolete medical advice.
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The Cubomedusae
June 1896, Kingston Harbour. A Johns Hopkins student nets two box-shaped jellyfish that no published name yet fitted, then dies before he can finish their life history.
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Through the Telescope
Learn how a telescope turns light into evidence, from Galileo's first discoveries to the Moon, planets, stars, and nebulae you can begin to observe yourself.
📖
The Principles of Biology, Volume 1
Read Herbert Spencer's ambitious synthesis of matter, metabolism, development, adaptation, and evolution, then test its nineteenth-century mechanisms against modern biology.
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The Busy Woman's Garden Book
The kettle is on. If the garden is close enough, Ida D. Bennett says you can hoe lettuce while you wait. A 1920 kitchen-garden book about location, timing, and what not to copy.
Mint
Why does mint feel cold in your mouth?
Explain why menthol feels cold by activating TRPM8 and engaging trigeminal cooling pathways, with water, airflow, and context amplifying the perception.
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