The Letters of William James, Vol. 1

Part 1

THE LETTERS OF WILLIAM JAMES

FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY ALICE BOUGHTON, NEW YORK, FEBRUARY 9, 1907]

THE LETTERS OF WILLIAM JAMES

EDITED BY HIS SON HENRY JAMES

IN TWO VOLUMES VOLUME I

THE ATLANTIC MONTHLY PRESS BOSTON

COPYRIGHT, 1920, BY HENRY JAMES

To my Mother, gallant and devoted ally of my Father's most arduous and happy years, this collection of his letters is dedicated.

PREFACE

WHETHER William James was compressing his correspondence into brief messages, or allowing it to expand into copious letters, he could not write a page that was not free, animated, and characteristic. Many of his correspondents preserved his letters, and examination of them soon showed that it would be possible to make a selection which should not only contain certain letters that clearly deserved to be published because of their readable quality alone, but should also include letters that were biographical in the best sense. For in the case of a man like James the biographical question to be answered is not, as with a man of affairs: How can his actions be explained? but rather: What manner of being was he? What were his background and education? and, above all, What were his temperament and the bias of his mind? What native instincts, preferences, and limitations of view did he bring with him to his business of reading the riddle of the Universe? His own informal utterances throw the strongest light on such questions.

In these volumes I have attempted to make such a selection. The task has been simplified by the nature of the material, in which the most interesting letters were often found, naturally enough, to include the most vivid elements of which a picture could be composed. I have added such notes as seemed necessary in the interest of clearness; but I have tried to leave the reader to his own conclusions. The work was begun in 1913, but had to be laid aside; and I should regret the delay in completing it even more than I do if it were not that very interesting letters have come to light during the last three years.

James was a great reader of biographies himself, and pointed again and again to the folly of judging a man's ideas by minute logical and textual examinations, without apprehending his mental attitude sympathetically. He was well aware that every man's philosophy is biased by his feelings, and is not due to purely rational processes. He was quite incapable himself of the cool kind of abstraction that comes from indifference about the issue. Life spoke to him in even more ways than to most men, and he responded to its superabundant confusion with passion and insatiable curiosity. His spiritual development was a matter of intense personal experience.

So students of his books may even find that this collection of informal and intimate utterances helps them to understand James as a philosopher and psychologist.

I have not included letters that are wholly technical or polemic. Such documents belong in a study of James's philosophy, or in a history of its origin and influence. However interesting they might be to certain readers, their appropriate place is not here.

A good deal of biographical information about William James, his brother Henry, and their father has already been given to the public; but unfortunately it is scattered, and much of it is cast in a form which calls for interpretation or amendment. The elder Henry James left an autobiographical fragment which was published in a volume of his "Literary Remains," but it was composed purely as a religious record. He wrote it in the third person, as if it were the life of one "Stephen Dewhurst," and did not try to give a circumstantial report of his youth or ancestry. Later, his son Henry wrote two volumes of early reminiscences in his turn. In "A Small Boy and Others" and "Notes of a Son and Brother" he reproduced the atmosphere of a household of which he was the last survivor, and adumbrated the figures of Henry James, Senior, and of certain other members of his family with infinite subtlety at every turn of the page. But he too wrote without much attention to particular facts or the sequence of events, and his two volumes were incomplete and occasionally inaccurate with respect to such details.

Accordingly I have thought it advisable to restate parts of the family record, even though the restatement involves some repetition.

Finally, I should explain that the letters have been reproduced verbatim, though not literatim, except for superscriptions, which have often been simplified. As respects spelling and punctuation, the manuscripts are not consistent. James wrote rapidly, used abbreviations, occasionally "simplified" his spelling, and was inclined to use capital letters only for emphasis. Thus he often followed the French custom of writing adjectives derived from proper names with small letters--e.g. french literature, european affairs. But when he wrote for publication he was too considerate of his reader's attention to distract it with such petty irregularities; therefore unimportant peculiarities of orthography have generally not been reproduced in this book. On the other hand, the phraseology of the manuscripts, even where grammatically incomplete, has been kept. Verbal changes have not been made except where it was clear that there had been a slip of the pen, and clear what had been intended. It is obvious that rhetorical laxities are to be expected in letters written as these were. No editor who has attempted to "improve away" such defects has ever deserved to be thanked.

Acknowledgments are due, first of all, to the correspondents who have generously supplied letters. Several who were most generous and to whom I am most indebted have, alas! passed beyond the reach of thanks. I wish particularly to record my gratitude here to correspondents too numerous to be named who have furnished letters that are not included. Such material, though omitted from the book, has been informing and helpful to the Editor. One example may be cited--the copious correspondence with Mrs. James which covers the period of every briefest separation; but extracts from this have been used only when other letters failed. From Dr. Dickinson S. Miller, from Professor R. B. Perry, from my mother, from my brother William, and from my wife, all of whom have seen the material at different stages of its preparation, I have received many helpful suggestions, and I gratefully acknowledge my special debt to them. President Eliot, Dr. Miller, and Professor G. H. Palmer were, each, so kind as to send me memoranda of their impressions and recollections. I have embodied parts of the memoranda of the first two in my notes; and have quoted from Professor Palmer's minute--about to appear in the "Harvard Graduates' Magazine." For all information about William James's Barber ancestry I am indebted to the genealogical investigations of Mrs. Russell Hastings. Special acknowledgments are due to Mr. George B. Ives, who has prepared the topical index.

Finally, I shall be grateful to anyone who will, at any time, advise me of the whereabouts of any letters which I have not already had an opportunity to examine.

H. J.

August, 1920.

CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION 1-30

Ancestry--Henry James, Senior--Youth--Education--Certain Personal Traits.

II. 1861-1864 31-52

Chemistry and Comparative Anatomy in the Lawrence Scientific School.

LETTERS:--

To his Family 33

Part 2

To Miss Katharine Temple (Mrs. Richard Emmet) 37

To his Family 40

To Katharine James Prince 43

To his Mother 45

To his Sister 49

III. 1864-1866 53-70

The Harvard Medical School--With Louis Agassiz to the Amazon.

LETTERS:--

To his Mother 56

To his Parents 57

To his Father 60

To his Father 64

To his Parents 67

IV. 1866-1867 71-83

Medical Studies at Harvard.

LETTERS:--

To Thomas W. Ward 73

To Thomas W. Ward 76

To his Sister 79

To O. W. Holmes, Jr. 82

V. 1867-1868 84-139

Eighteen Months in Germany.

LETTERS:--

To his Parents 86

To his Mother 92

To his Father 95

To O. W. Holmes, Jr. 98

To Henry James 103

Part 3

To his Sister 108

To his Sister 115

To Thomas W. Ward 118

To Thomas W. Ward 119

To Henry P. Bowditch 120

To O. W. Holmes, Jr. 124

To Thomas W. Ward 127

To his Father 133

To Henry James 136

To his Father 137

VI. 1869-1872 140-164

Invalidism in Cambridge.

LETTERS:--

To Henry P. Bowditch 149

To O. W. Holmes, Jr., and John C. Gray, Jr. 151

To Thomas W. Ward 152

To Henry P. Bowditch 153

To Miss Mary Tappan 156

To Henry James 157

To Henry P. Bowditch 158

To Henry P. Bowditch 161

To Charles Renouvier 163

VII. 1872-1878 165-191

First Years of Teaching.

LETTERS:--

To Henry James 167

To his Family 172

To his Sister 174

Part 4

To his Sister 175

To his Sister 177

To Henry James 180

To Miss Theodora Sedgwick 181

To Henry James 182

To Henry James 183

To Charles Renouvier 186

VIII. 1878-1883 192-222

Marriage--Contract for the Psychology--European Colleagues--Death of his Parents.

LETTERS:--

To Francis J. Child 196

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