🧠 Think Critically
Separate fact from fiction and think like a scientist.
What you’ll learn
- Define critical thinking and evaluate claims using evidence and sources.Critical thinking means judging claims by their evidence and sources. Key habits include proportioning belief to evidence and never confusing correlation with causation.
- Identify common cognitive biases and how they distort judgment.Biases like confirmation, anchoring, and availability quietly distort thinking. Recognizing them and switching to slow, deliberate reasoning helps catch errors before they mislead us.
- Evaluate arguments, spot misinformation, and adopt a scientific mindset.Good arguments have true premises that support their conclusion. Checking sources, resisting emotional content, and staying willing to be proven wrong turns critical thinking into a lifelong habit.
Questions this course answers
Critical thinking is best described as:
Critical thinking means objectively evaluating information and evidence to reach well-reasoned conclusions.
If ice cream sales and drownings both rise in summer, this shows:
This is correlation without causation; hot weather drives both, a classic reasoning trap.
When evaluating a claim, a critical thinker should:
Good thinking checks the evidence and the credibility of the source before believing a claim.
What is confirmation bias?
Confirmation bias makes us seek evidence that supports our beliefs and ignore evidence against them.
The 'availability bias' causes people to:
Availability bias makes vivid, easily remembered events seem more likely than they really are.
Why is slowing down your thinking useful?
Slow, deliberate thinking catches biases and mistakes that quick automatic reactions tend to make.
Grounded in trusted sources
- University of Saskatchewan Library, Common Cognitive Biases, Critical Thinking Tutorial (libguides.usask.ca)
- Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (2011)
- Forbes Coaches Council, The Power of Critical Thinking (forbes.com, 2023)
- LabXchange, Fallacies, Probabilities, and Cognitive Biases (about.labxchange.org/blog/scientific-reasoning-cluster)
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