📘 Start with the question, not the test name
A statistical test is a tool for a question, not a label to attach after seeing a result. Write the outcome you care about and the comparison or relationship you want to examine. Are you estimating one mean, comparing two groups, comparing
What you’ll learn
- Frame the questionState the research question, classify variables, and write hypotheses before choosing software.The estimand and design narrow the candidate tests.
- Compare groupsMatch one-sample, two-sample, paired, and ANOVA methods to the grouping structure.Independence versus pairing determines the correct mean comparison.
- Test associationsChoose chi-square or regression, check assumptions on plots, and report estimates with limits.Diagnostics and honest reporting belong with the association method you pick.
Questions this course answers
What should you identify first?
The question, variable types, and design determine which methods can answer it.
When is a paired t test appropriate?
Pairing means the analysis should use within-unit differences.
What does a significant one-way ANOVA establish?
The omnibus ANOVA result only says that not all means are equal.
Which method fits two categorical variables?
A contingency table and chi-square test assess association between categorical variables.
What does a p-value describe?
A p-value measures how surprising the data would be under the null model; it is not the probability the null is true.
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