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📘 A survey estimates a population from a sample

A survey usually asks a sample of people to learn about a larger population. Start by naming both: the population might be all students at a college, while the sample is the group who answered. The target is the population your conclusion c

3
lessons
~15 min
to learn
Adults
level
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What you’ll learn

  1. Target and frameDistinguish population from sample and recognize coverage error.The target population must match who the selection process can reach.
  2. Selection problemsIdentify convenience and self-selection bias.Easy-to-reach or volunteer samples may differ from the target population.
  3. Size and claimsSeparate precision from representativeness.Large biased samples can be confidently wrong; match claims to the design.

Questions this course answers

What is the main warning sign of sampling bias?

Bias is a systematic mismatch created by who can enter, leaves, or answers the sample.

Why is a convenience sample risky for a population claim?

Convenience is tied to availability, which may be related to the outcome.

What can nonresponse do to a fairly selected sample?

If response is related to the topic, the final respondent group can become skewed.

What does stratified sampling help protect?

Sampling within strata can ensure important groups are included in planned numbers.

Why can a very large sample still be biased?

More observations improve precision around the sampled process, not necessarily representativeness.

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