The Principles of Chemistry, Volume Ii

Volume Ii.

LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON NEW YORK AND BOMBAY 1897

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TABLE III.

The periodic dependence of the composition of the simplest compounds and properties of the simple bodies upon the atomic weights of the elements.

+-------------------------+--------------------------------+ | | | |Molecular composition of | | |the higher hydrogen and | Atomic weights of the elements | |metallo-organic compounds| | |-------------------------+--------------------------------+ | | | | | | |E=CH{3}, C{2}H{5}, &c.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HH| H 1,005 (mean) | | | Li 7·02 (Stas) | | | Be 9·1 (Nilson Pettersson)| | BE{3} -- --| B 11·0 (Ramsay Ashton) | | CH{4} C{2}H{6} | | | C{2}H{4} C{2}H{2} | C 12·00 (Roscoe) | | NH{3} N{2}H{4} --| N 14·04 (Stas) | | OH{2} --| O 16 (conventional) | | FH| F 19·0 (Christiansen) | | | | | NaE| Na 23·04 (Stas) | | MgE{2} --| Mg 24·3 (Burton) | | AlE{3} -- --| Al 27·1 (Mallet) | |SiH{4} Si{2}E{6} -- --| Si 28·4 (Thorpe Young) | | PH{3} P{2}H{4} --| P 31·0 (v. d. Plaats) | | SH{2} --| S 32·06 (Stas) | | ClH| Cl 35·45 (Stas) | | | | | | K 39·15 (Stas) | | | Ca 40·0 (Dumas) | | | Sc 44·0 (Nilson) | | | Ti 48·1 (Thorpe) | | | V 51·2 (Roscoe) | | | Cr 52·1 (Rawson) | | | Mn 55·1 (Marignac) | | | Fe 56·0 (Dumas) | | | Co 58·9 (Zimmermann) | | | Ni 59·4 (Winkler) | | | Cu 63.6 (Richards) | | ZnE{2} --| Zn 65·3 (Marignac) | | GaE{3} -- --| Ga 69·9 (Boisbaudran) | | GeE{4} -- -- --| Ge 72·3 (Winkler) | | AsH{3} -- --| As 75·0 (Dumas) | | SeH{2} --| Se 79·0 (Pettersson) | | BrH| Br 79·95 (Stas) | | | | | | Rb 85·5 (Godeffroy) | | | Sr 87·6 (Dumas) | | | Y 89 (Clève) | | | Zr 90·6 (Bailey) | | | Nb 94 (Marignac) | | | Mo 96·1 (Maas) | | | Unknown metal | | | | | | Ru 101·7 (Joly) | | | Rh 102·7 (Seubert) | | | Pd 106·4 (Keller Smith) | | | Ag 107·92 (Stas) | | CdE{2} --| Cd 112·1 (Lorimer Smith) | | InE{3} -- --| In 113·6 (Winkler) | | SnE{4} -- -- --| Sn 119·1 (Classen) | | SbH{3} -- --| Sb 120·4 (Schneider) | | TeH{2} --| Te 125·1 (Brauner) | | | | | | Cs 132·7 (Godeffroy) | | | Ba 137·4 (Richards) | | | La 138·2 (Brauner) | | | Ce 140·2 (Brauner) | | | | | | Ta 182·7 (Marignac) | | | W 184·0 (Waddel) | | | Unknown element. | | | | | | Ir 193·3 (Joly) | | | Pt 196·0 (Dittmar McArthur) | | | Au 197·5 (Mallet) | | HgE{2} --| Hg 200·5 (Erdmann Mar.) | | TlE{3} -- --| Tl 204·1 (Crookes) | | PbE{4} -- -- --| Pb 206·90 (Stas) | | BiE{3} -- --| Bi 208·9 (Classen) | | | Five unknown elements. | | | Th 232·4 (Krüss Nilson) | | | Unknown element. | | | U 239·3 (Zimmermann) | +-------------------------+--------------------------------+

+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | | | Composition of the saline compounds, X = Cl | | | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Br, (NO{3}), 1/2 O, 1/2 (SO{4}), OH, (OM) = Z, where M = K, | | 1/2 Ca, 1/3 Al, &c. | |Form RX RX{2} RX{3} RX{4} RX{5} RX{6} RX{7} RX{8}| |Oxi- R{2}O RO R{2}O{3} RO{2} R{2}O{5} RO{3} R{2}O{7} RO{4}| |des | | | | | | X or H{2}O | | iX | | -- BeX{2} | | -- -- BX{3} | | | | -- CO -- COZ{2} | | N{2}O NO NOZ NO2 NO{2}Z | | -- OX{2} | | FZ | | | | NaX | | -- MgX{2} | | -- -- AlX{3} | | -- -- -- SiOZ{2} | | -- -- PX{3} -- POZ{3} | | -- SX{2} -- SOZ{2} -- SO{2}Z{2} | | ClZ -- ClOZ -- ClO{2}Z -- ClO{3}Z | | | | KX | | -- CaX{2} | | -- -- ScX{3} | | -- TiX{2} TiX{3} TiX{4} | | -- VO VOX -- VOZ{3} | | -- CrX{2} CrX{3} CrO{2} -- CrO{2}Z{2} | | -- MnX{2} MnX{3} MnO{2} -- MnO{2}Z{2} MnO{3}Z | | -- FeX{2} FeX{3} -- -- FeO{2}Z{2} | | -- CoX{2} CoX{3} CoO{2} | | -- NiX{2} NiX{3} | | CuX CuX{2} | | -- ZnX{2} | | -- -- GaX{3} | | -- GeX{2} -- GeX{4} | | -- AsS AsX{3} AsS{2} AsO{2}Z | | -- -- -- SeOZ{2} -- SeO{2}Z{2} | | BrZ -- BrOZ -- BrO{2}Z -- BrO{3}Z | | | | RbX | | -- SrX{2} | | -- -- YX{3} | | -- -- -- ZrX{4} | | -- -- NbX{3} -- NbO{2}Z | | -- -- MoX{3} MoX{4} -- MoO{2}Z{2} | |(eka-manganese, Em = 99). EmO{3}Z | | RuO{4}| | -- RuX{2} RuX{3} RuX{4} -- RuO{2}Z{2} RuO{3}Z | | -- RhX{2} RhX{3} RhX{4} -- RhO{2}Z{2} | | PdX PdX{2} -- PdX{4} | | AgX | | -- CdX{2} | | -- InX{2} InX{3} | | -- SnX{2} -- SnX{4} | | -- -- SbX{3} -- SbO{2}Z | | -- -- -- TeOZ{2} -- TeO{2}Z{2} | | IZ -- IZ{3} -- IO{2}Z -- IO{3}Z | | | | CsX | | -- BaX{2} | | -- -- LaX{3} | | -- -- CeX{3} CeX{4} | | Little known Di = 142.1 and Yb = 173.2, and over 15 unknown elements.| | -- -- -- -- TaO{2}Z | | -- -- -- WX{4} -- WO{2}Z{2} | | | | OsO{4}| | -- -- OsX{3} OsX{4} -- OsO{2}Z{2} -- | | -- -- IrX{3} IrX{4} -- IrO{2}Z{2} | | -- PtX{2} -- PtX{4} | | AuX -- AuX{3} | | HgX HgX{2} | | TlX -- TlX{3} | | -- PbX{2} -- PbOZ{2} | | -- -- BiX{3} -- BiO{2}Z | | | | -- -- -- ThX{4} | | | | -- -- -- UO{2} -- UO{2}X{2} UO_{4}| +----------------------------------------------------------------------+

+-------------------------+------------+---------+---------------------+ | | | Lower | Simple bodies | |Molecular composition of | |hydrogen +-----+-------+-------| |the higher hydrogen and | Peroxides | com- | Sp. | Sp. |Melting| |metallo-organic compounds| | pounds | gr | vol. | point | |-------------------------+------------+---------+-----+-------+-------| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |E=CH{3}, C{2}H{5}, &c.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HH|H{2}O{2} | -- |*0·05| 20 | -250°?| | | -- | -- | 0·59| 11·9 | 180° | | | -- | BeH | 1·64| 5·5 | 900°?| | BE{3} -- --| -- | -- | 2·5 | 4·4 |1,300°?| | CH{4} C{2}H{6} | | | | | | | C{2}H{4} C{2}H{2} |C{2}O{5}* | -- |*1·9 | 6·3 |2,600°?| | NH{3} N{2}H{4} --|N{2}O{6}* | N{3}H |*0·6 | 23 | -203° | | OH{2} --|O{3} | -- |*0·9 | 18 | -230°?| | FH| -- | -- |?1·0 | 19 | ? | | | | | | | | | NaE|NaO | Na{2}H | 0·98| 23·5 | 96° | | MgE{2} --| -- | MgH | 1·74| 14 | 500° | | AlE{3} -- --| -- | -- | 2·6 | 11 | 600° | |SiH{4} Si{2}E{6} -- --| -- | -- | 2·3 | 12 |1,300°?| | PH{3} P{2}H{4} --| -- | P2H | 2·2 | 14 | 44° | | SH{2} --|S{2}O{7} | -- | 2·07| 15 | 114° | | ClH| -- | -- |*1·3 | 27 | -75° | | | | | | | | | |KO{2} | K{2}H | 0·87| 45 | 58° | | |CaO{2} | CaH | 1·56| 26 | 800° | | | -- | -- |?2·5 | ?18 |1,200°?| | |TiO{3} | -- | 3·6 | 13 |2,500°?| | | -- | -- | 5·5 | 9 |3,000°?| | |Cr{2}O{7} | -- | 6·7 | 7·7 |2,000°?| | | -- | -- | 7·5 | 7·3 |1,500° | | | -- |Fe{n}H* | 7·8 | 7·2 |1,450° | | | -- | -- | 8·6 | 6·8 |1,400° | | | -- | Ni{n}H | 8·7 | 6·8 |1,350° | | |Cu{2}O{5}*| CuH | 8·8 | 7·2 |1,054° | | ZnE{2} --|ZnO{2} | -- | 7·1 | 9·2 | 418° | | GaE{3} -- --| -- | -- | 5·96| 11·7 | 30° | | GeE{4} -- -- --| -- | -- | 5·47| 13·2 | 900° | | AsH{3} -- --| -- |As{4}H* | 5·65| 13·3 | 500° | | SeH{2} --| -- | -- | 4·8 | 16 | 217° | | BrH| -- | -- | 3·1 | 26 | -7° | | | | | | | | | |RbO |Rb{2}H* | 1·5 | 57 | 39° | | |SrO{2} | SrH | 2·5 | 35 | 600°?| | | -- | -- |*3·4 | *26 |1,000°?| | | -- |Zr{4n}H*| 4·1 | 22 |1,500°?| | | -- |Nb{n}H* | 7·1 | 13 |1,800°?| | |Mo{2}O{7} | -- | 8·6 | 11 |2,200°?| | | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | | | | | | | | | | -- |Ru{n}H* |12·2 | 8·4 |2,000°?| | | -- |Rh{n}H* |12·1 | 8·6 |1,900°?| | | -- | Pd{2}H |11·4 | 8·3 |1,500° | | |AgO | -- |10·5 | 10·3 | 950° | | CdE{2} --|CdO{2} | -- | 8·6 | 13 | 320° | | InE{3} -- --| -- | -- | 7·4 | 14 | 176° | | SnE{4} -- -- --|SnO{3} | -- | 7·2 | 16 | 232° | | SbH{3} -- --| -- | -- | 6·7 | 18 | 432° | | TeH{2} --| -- | -- | 6·4 | 20 | 455° | | IH| -- | -- | 4·9 | 26 | 114° | | | | | | | | | | -- |Cs{2}H* | 2·37| 56 | 27° | | |BaO{2} | BaH | 3·75| 36 | ? | | | -- | -- | 6·1 | 23 | ? | | | -- | -- | 6·6 | 21 | 700°?| | | | | | | | | | -- |Ta{n}H* |10·4 | 18 | ? | | |W{2}O{7} | -- |19·1 | 9·6 |2,600° | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | -- | -- |22·5 | 8·5 |2,700°?| | | -- | IrnH* |22·4 | 8·6 |2,000° | | | -- |Pt{n}H* |21·4 | 9·2 |1,775° | | | -- | -- |19·3 | 10 |1,045° | | HgE{2} --| -- | -- |13·6 | 15 | -39° | | TlE{3} -- --| -- | -- |11·8 | 17 | 294° | | PbE{4} -- -- --| -- | -- |11·3 | 18 | 328° | | BiE{3} -- --| -- | -- | 9·8 | 21 | 269° | | | | | | | | | | -- | -- |11·1 | 21 | ? | | | | | | | | | | -- | -- |18·7 | 13 |2,400°?| +-------------------------+------------+---------+-----+-------+-------+ From analogy there is reason for thinking that the atomic weight of selenium is really slightly less than 79·0.

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