BOOK XXXVII.. The Natural History of Precious Stones.

THE NATURAL HISTORY OF PRECIOUS STONES.

1. The first use of precious stones 386

2. The jewel of Polycrates ib.

3. The jewel of Pyrrhus 387

4. Who were the most skilful lapidaries. The finest specimens of engraving on precious stones 389

5. The first dactyliothecæ at Rome 390

6. Jewels displayed at Rome in the triumph of Pompeius Magnus ib.

7. At what period murrhine vessels were first introduced at Rome. Instances of luxury in reference to them 392

8. The nature of murrhine vessels 393

9. The nature of crystal 394

10. Luxury displayed in the use of crystal. Remedies derived from crystal 395

11. Amber: the many falsehoods that have been told about it 397

12. The several kinds of amber: the remedies derived from it 402

13. Lyncurium: two asserted remedies 404

14. The various precious stones, classified according to their principal colours 405

15. Adamas: six varieties of it. Two remedies ib.

16. Smaragdus 408

17. Twelve varieties of the smaragdus 410

18. Defects in the smaragdus 411

19. The precious stone called tanos. Chalcosmaragdos 413

20. Beryls: eight varieties of them. Defects in beryls 414

21. Opals: seven varieties of them 415

22. Defects in opals: the modes of testing them 416

23. Sardonyx; the several varieties of it. Defects in the sardonyx 417

24. Onyx: the several varieties of it 419

25. Carbunculus: twelve varieties of it 420

26. Defects in carbunculus, and the mode of testing it 422

27. Anthracitis 423

28. Sandastros. Sandaresos ib.

29. Lychnis: four varieties of it 424

30. Carchedonia 425

31. Sarda: five varieties of it ib.

32. Topazos: two varieties of it 426

33. Callaina 427

34. Prasius: three varieties of it 429

35. Nilion ib.

36. Molochitis ib.

37. Iaspis: fourteen varieties of it. Defects found in iaspis 430

38. Cyanos: the several varieties of it 432

39. Sapphiros ib.

40. Amethystos: four varieties of it. Socondion. Sapenos. Pharanitis. Aphrodites blepharon, anteros, or hæderos ib.

41. Hyacinthos 434

42. Chrysolithos: seven varieties of it ib.

43. Chryselectrum 435

44. Leucochrysos: four varieties of it ib.

45. Melichrysos. Xuthon 436

46. Pæderos, sangenon, or tenites ib.

47. Asteria 437

48. Astrion ib.

49. Astriotes ib.

50. Astrobolos 438

51. Ceraunia: four varieties of it ib.

52. Iris: two varieties of it ib.

53. Leros 439

54. Achates: the several varieties of it. Acopos: the remedies derived from it. Alabastritis: the remedies derived from it. Alectoria. Androdamas. Argyrodamas. Antipathes. Arabica. Aromatitis. Asbestos. Aspisatis. Atizöe. Augetis. Amphidanes or chrysocolla. Aphrodisiaca. Apsyctos. Ægyptilla ib.

55. Balanites. Batrachitis. Baptes. Beli oculus. Belus. Baroptenus or barippe. Botryitis. Bostrychitis. Bucardia. Brontea. Bolos 443

56. Cadmitis. Callais. Capnitis. Cappadocia. Callaica. Catochitis. Catoptritis. Cepitis or Cepolatitis. Ceramitis. Cinædia. Ceritis. Circos. Corsoïdes. Coralloachates. Corallis. Crateritis. Crocallis. Cyitis. Chalcophonos. Chelidonia. Chelonia. Chelonitis. Chloritis. Choaspitis. Chrysolampis. Chrysopis. Ceponides 444

57. Daphnea. Diadochos. Diphyes. Dionysias. Draconitis 447

58. Encardia or ariste. Enorchis. Exebenus. Erythallis. Erotylos, amphicomos, or hieromnemon. Eumeces. Enmithres. Eupetalos. Eureos. Eurotias. Eusebes. Epimelas 448

59. Galaxias. Galactitis, leucogæa, leucographitis, or synnephitis. Gallaica. Gassinade. Glossopetra. Gorgonia. Goniæa 449

60. Heliotropium. Hephæstitis. Hermuaidoion. Hexecontalithos. Hieracitis. Hammitis. Hammonis cornu. Hormiscion. Hyænia. Hæmatitis 450

61. Idæi dactyli. Icterias. Jovis gemma. Indica. Ion 452

62. Lepidotis. Lesbias. Leucophthalmos. Leucopœcilos. Libanochrus. Limoniatis. Liparea. Lysimachos. Leucochrysos ib.

63. Memnonia. Media. Meconitis. Mithrax. Morochthos. Mormorion or promnion. Murrhitis. Myrmecias. Myrsinitis. Mesoleucos. Mesomelas 453

64. Nasamonitis. Nebritis. Nipparene 454

65. Oica. Ombria or notia. Onocardia. Oritis or sideritis. Ostracias. Ostritis. Ophicardelon. Obsian stone ib.

66. Panchrus. Pangonus. Paneros or panerastos. Pontica: four varieties of it. Phloginos or chrysitis. Phœnicitis. Phycitis. Perileucos. Pæanitis or gæanis 455

67. Solis gemma. Sagda. Samothracia. Sauritis. Sarcitis. Selenitis. Sideritis. Sideropœcilos. Spongitis. Synodontitis. Syrtitis. Syringitis 456

68. Trichrus. Thelyrrhizos. Thelycardios or mule. Thracia: three varieties of it. Tephritis. Tecolithos 457

69. Veneris crines. Veientana 458

70. Zathene. Zmilampis. Zoraniscæa ib.

71. Precious stones which derive their names from various parts of the human body. Hepatitis. Steatitis. Adadunephros. Adaduophthalmos. Adadudactylos. Triophthalmos ib.

72. Precious stones which derive their names from animals. Carcinias. Echitis. Scorpitis. Scaritis. Triglitis. Ægophthalmos. Hyophthalmos. Geranitis. Hieracitis. Aëtitis. Myrmecitis. Cantharias. Lycophthalmos. Taos. Timictonia 459

73. Precious stones which derive their names from other objects. Hammochrysos. Cenchritis. Dryitis. Cissitis. Narcissitis. Cyamias. Pyren. Phœnicitis. Chalazias. Pyritis. Polyzonos Astrapæa. Phlogitis. Anthracitis. Enhygros. Polythrix. Leontios. Pardalios. Drosolithos. Melichrus. Melichloros. Crocias. Polias. Spartopolias. Rhoditis. Chalcitis. Sycitis. Bostrychitis. Chernitie. Anancitis. Synochitis. Dendritis ib.

74. Precious stones that suddenly make their appearance. Cochlides 461

75. The various forms of precious stones 462

76. The methods of testing precious stones 463

77. A comparative view of Nature as she appears in different countries. The comparative values of things 464

GENERAL INDEX 469

NATURAL HISTORY OF PLINY.