The Natural History of Pliny, Volume 6 (of 6)

BOOK XXXII.. Remedies Derived From Aquatic Animals.

REMEDIES DERIVED FROM AQUATIC ANIMALS.

CHAP. Page

1. The power of Nature as manifested in antipathies. The echeneïs: two remedies 1

2. The torpedo: nine remedies 4

3. The sea-hare: five remedies ib.

4. Marvels of the Red Sea 5

5. The instincts of fishes 6

6. Marvellous properties belonging to certain fishes 8

7. Places where fish eat from the hand ib.

8. Places where fish recognize the human voice. Oracular responses given by fish ib.

9. Places where bitter fish are found, salt, or sweet 9

10. When sea-fish were first eaten by the people of Rome. The ordinance of King Numa as to fish 10

11. Coral: forty-three remedies and observations ib.

12. The antipathies and sympathies which exist between certain objects. The hatreds manifested by certain aquatic animals. The pastinaca: eight remedies. The galeos: fifteen remedies. The sur-mullet: fifteen remedies 12

13. Amphibious animals. Castoreum: sixty-six remedies and observations 13

14. The tortoise: sixty-six remedies and observations 15

15. Remedies derived from the aquatic animals, classified according to the respective diseases 18

16. Remedies for poisons, and for noxious spells. The dorade: four remedies. The sea-star: seven remedies 19

17. Remedies for the stings of serpents, for the bites of dogs, and for injuries indicted by venomous animals. The sea-dragon: three remedies. Twenty-five remedies derived from salted fish. The sarda: one remedy. Eleven remedies derived from cybium 20

18. The sea-frog: six remedies. The river-frog: fifty-two remedies. The bramble-frog: one remedy. Thirty-two observations on these animals 21

19. The enhydris: six remedies. The river-crab: fourteen remedies. The sea-crab: seven remedies. The river-snail: seven remedies. The coracinus: four remedies. The sea-pig: two remedies 23

20. The sea-calf: ten remedies. The muræna: one remedy. The hippocampus: nine remedies. The sea-urchin: eleven remedies 24

21. The various kinds of oysters: fifty-eight remedies and observations. Purples: nine remedies 25

22. Sea-weed: two remedies 28

23. Remedies for alopecy, change of colour in the hair, and ulcerations of the head. The sea-mouse: two remedies. The sea-scorpion: twelve remedies. The leech: seven remedies. The murex: thirteen remedies. The conchylium: five remedies 29

24. Remedies for diseases of the eyes and eyelids. Two remedies derived from the fat of fishes. The callionymus: three remedies. The gall of the coracinus: one remedy. The sæpia: twenty-four remedies. Ichthyocolla: five remedies ib.

25. Remedies for diseases of the ears. The batia: one remedy. The bacchus or myxon: two remedies. The sea-louse: two remedies 33

26. Remedies for tooth-ache. The dog-fish: four remedies. Whale’s flesh 34

27. Remedies for lichens, and for spots upon the face. The dolphin: nine remedies. Coluthia or coryphia: three remedies. Halcyoneum: seven remedies. The tunny: five remedies 35

28. Remedies for scrofula, imposthumes of the parotid glands, quinzy, and diseases of the fauces. The mæna; thirteen remedies. The sea-scolopendra: two remedies. The saurus: one remedy. Shell-fish: one remedy. The silurus: fifteen remedies 37

29. Remedies for cough and diseases of the chest 38

30. Remedies for pains in the liver and side. The elongated conch: six remedies. The tethea: five remedies 39

31. Remedies for diseases of the bowels. Sea-wort: one remedy The myax: twenty-five remedies. The mitulus: eight remedies. Pelorides: one remedy. Seriphum: two remedies. The erythinus: two remedies ib.

32. Remedies for diseases of the spleen, for urinary calculi, and for affections of the bladder. The sole: one remedy. The turbot: one remedy. The blendius: one remedy. The sea-nettle; seven remedies. The pulmo marinus: six remedies. Onyches: four remedies 42

33. Remedies for intestinal hernia, and for diseases of the rectum. The water-snake: one remedy. The hydrus: one remedy. The mullet: one remedy. The pelamis: three remedies 44

34. Remedies for inflamed tumours, and for diseases of the generative organs. The sciæna: one remedy. The perch: four remedies. The squatina: three remedies. The smaris: three remedies ib.

35. Remedies for incontinence of urine. The ophidion: one remedy 46

36. Remedies for gout, and for pains in the feet. The beaver: four remedies. Bryon: one remedy ib.

37. Remedies for epilepsy 47

38. Remedies for fevers. The fish called asellus: one remedy. The phagrus: one remedy ib.

39. Remedies for lethargy, cachexy, and dropsy 49

40. Remedies for burns and for erysipelas ib.

41. Remedies for diseases of the sinews 50

42. Methods of arresting hæmorrhage and of letting blood. The polyp: one remedy ib.

43. Methods of extracting foreign bodies from the flesh 51

44. Remedies for ulcers, carcinomata, and carbuncle 52

45. Remedies for warts, and for malformed nails. The glanis: one remedy 53

46. Remedies for female diseases. The glauciscus: one remedy ib.

47. Methods of removing superfluous hair. Depilatories 55

48. Remedies for the diseases of infants 56

49. Methods of preventing intoxication. The fish called rubellio: one remedy. The eel: one remedy. The grape-fish: one remedy 57

50. Antaphrodisiacs and aphrodisiacs. The hippopotamus: one remedy. The crocodile: one remedy ib.

51. Remedies for the diseases of animals ib.

52. Other aquatic productions. Adarca or calamochnos: three remedies. Reeds: eight remedies. The ink of the sæpia 58

53. The names of all the animals that exist in the sea, one hundred and seventy-six in number 59

54. Additional names of fishes found in the poem of Ovid 65

BOOK XXXIII.. The Natural History of Metals.

THE NATURAL HISTORY OF METALS.

1. Metals 68

2. Gold 69

3. What was the first recommendation of gold 71

4. The origin of gold rings ib.

5. The quantity of gold possessed by the ancients 75

6. The right or wearing gold rings 76

7. The decuries of the judges 82

8. Particulars connected with the equestrian order 83

9. How often the name of the equestrian order has been changed 85

10. Gifts for military services, in gold and silver 86

11. At what period the first crown of gold was presented ib.

12. Other uses made of gold, by females 87

13. Coins of gold. At what periods copper, gold, and silver, were first impressed. How copper was used before gold and silver were coined. What was the largest sum of money possessed by any one at the time of our first census. How often, and at what periods, the value of copper and of coined money has been changed 88

14. Considerations on man’s cupidity for gold 91

15. The persons who have possessed the greatest quantity of gold and silver 93

16. At what period silver first made its appearance upon the arena and upon the stage 94

17. At what periods there was the greatest quantity of gold and silver in the treasury of the Roman people 95

18. At what period ceilings were first gilded ib.

19. For what reasons the highest value is set upon gold 96

20. The method of gilding 98

21. How gold is found 99

22. Orpiment 104

23. Electrum 105

24. The first statues of gold ib.

25. Eight remedies derived from gold 106

26. Chrysocolla 107

27. The use made of chrysocolla in painting 108

28. Seven remedies derived from chrysocolla 110

29. The chrysocolla of the goldsmiths, known also as santerna ib.

30. The marvellous operations of nature in soldering metallic substances, and bringing them to a state of perfection 111

31. Silver ib.

32. Quicksilver 113

33. Stimmi, stibi, alabastrum, larbasis, or platy-ophthalmon 115

34. Seven remedies derived from stimmi ib.

35. The scoria of silver. Six remedies derived from it 116

36. Minium: for what religious purposes it was used by the ancients 119

37. The discovery and origin of minium 120

38. Cinnabaris ib.

39. The employment of cinnabaris in painting 121

40. The various kinds of minium. The use made of it in painting ib.

41. Hydrargyros. Remedies derived from minium 124

42. The method of gilding silver ib.

43. Touchstones for testing gold 125

44. The different kinds of silver, and the modes of testing it ib.

45. Mirrors 126

46. Egyptian silver 128

47. Instances of immense wealth. Persons who have possessed the greatest sums of money 129

48. At what period the Roman people first made voluntary contributions 131

49. Instances of luxury in silver plate ib.

50. Instances of the frugality of the ancients in reference to silver plate 132

51. At what period silver was first used as an ornament for couches 134

52. At what period silver chargers of enormous size were first made. When silver was first used as a material for sideboards. When the sideboards called tympana were first introduced ib.

53. The enormous price of silver plate 135

54. Statues of silver 136

55. The most remarkable works in silver, and the names of the most famous artists in silver 138

56. Sil: The persons who first used it in painting and the method they adopted 140

57. Cæruleum 141

58. Two remedies derived from cæruleum 143

BOOK XXXIV.. The Natural History of Metals.

THE NATURAL HISTORY OF METALS.

1. The ores of brass 147

2. The different kinds of copper 148

3. The Corinthian brass 149

4. The Delian brass 151

5. The Æginetan brass ib.

6. Stands for lamps 152

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