BOOK XXXVI.. The Natural History of Stones.

THE NATURAL HISTORY OF STONES.

1. Luxury displayed in the use of various kinds of marble 305

2. Who was the first to employ marble in public buildings 306

3. Who was the first to erect columns of foreign marble at Rome 307

4. The first artists who excelled in the sculpture of marble, and the various periods at which they flourished. The Mausoleum in Caria. The most celebrated sculptors and works in marble, two hundred and twenty-five in number 308

5. At what period marble was first used in buildings 323

6. Who were the first to cut marble into slabs, and at what period 324

7. Who was the first to encrust the walls of houses at Rome with marble ib.

8. At what period the various kinds of marble came into use at Rome 325

9. The method of cutting marble into slabs. The sand used in cutting marble ib.

10. Stone of Naxos. Stone of Armenia 327

11. The marbles of Alexandria ib.

12. Onyx and alabastrites: six remedies 329

13. Lygdinus; corallitic stone; stone of Alabanda; stone of Thebais; stone of Syene 330

14. Obelisks 331

15. The obelisk which serves as a dial in the Campus Martius 334

16. Marvellous works in Egypt. The pyramids 335

17. The Egyptian Sphinx 336

18. The Pharos 339

19. Labyrinths ib.

20. Hanging gardens. A hanging city 343

21. The Temple of Diana at Ephesus ib.

22. Marvels connected with other temples 344

23. The fugitive stone. The seven-fold echo. Buildings erected without the use of nails ib.

24. Marvellous buildings at Rome, eighteen in number 345

25. The magnet: three remedies 355

26. Stone of Scyros 357

27. Sarcophagus, or stone of Assos: ten remedies ib.

28. Chernites ib.

29. Osseous stones. Palm stones. Corani. Black stones 358

30. Molar stones. Pyrites: seven remedies 359

31. Ostrocites: four remedies. Amianthus: two remedies 360

32. Geodes: three remedies ib.

33. Melitinus: six remedies ib.

34. Gagates: six remedies 361

35. Spongites: two remedies 362

36. Phrygian stone ib.

37. Hæmatites: five remedies. Schistos: seven remedies ib.

38. Æthiopic hæmatites. Androdamas: two remedies. Arabian hæmatites. Miltites or hepatites. Anthracites 363

39. Aëtites. Taphiusian stone. Callimus 364

40. Samian stone: eight remedies 365

41. Arabian stone: six remedies ib.

42. Pumice: nine remedies 366

43. Stones for mortars used for medicinal and other purposes. Etesian stone. Thebaic stone. Chalazian stone 367

44. Stone of Siphnos. Soft stones 368

45. Specular stones ib.

46. Phengites 369

47. Whetstones 370

48. Tophus 371

49. The various kinds of silex ib.

50. Other stones used for building 372

51. The various methods of building ib.

52. Cisterns 373

53. Quick-lime ib.

54. The various kinds of sand. The combinations of sand with lime ib.

55. Defects in building. Plasters for walls 374

56. Columns. The several kinds of columns ib.

57. Five remedies derived from lime 375

58. Maltha ib.

59. Gypsum 376

60. Pavements. The Asarotos œcos ib.

61. The first pavements in use at Rome 377

62. Terrace-roof pavements ib.

63. Græcanic pavements 378

64. At what period mosaic pavements were first invented. At what period arched roofs were first decorated with glass ib.

65. The origin of glass 379

66. The various kinds of glass, and the mode of making it 380

67. Obsian glass and Obsian stone 381

68. Marvellous facts connected with fire 383

69. Three remedies derived from fire and from ashes ib.

70. Prodigies connected with the hearth 384