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The Cambridge Natural History, Vol. 09 (of 10)

by S. F. Harmer

By S. F. Harmer · Science · Public domain

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The Cambridge Natural History, Vol. 09 (of 10) is a public-domain classic of science by S. F. Harmer.

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Author
S. F. Harmer
Length
239,417 words · about 20 hours to read
Chapters
8
Price
Free — public domain

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CHAPTER VII. Neornithes Carinatae _concluded_

NEORNITHES CARINATAE CONCLUDED

BRIGADE II–LEGION II (CORACIOMORPHAE CONCLUDED). ORDER: PASSERIFORMES 466

INDEX 589

{xi}SCHEME OF THE CLASSIFICATION ADOPTED IN THIS BOOK

CLASS AVES (p. 23.)

SUB-CLASS I. ARCHAEORNITHES (p. 23).

Archaeopteryx (pp. viii, 23).

SUB-CLASS II. NEORNITHES (p. 25).

DIVISION A. NEORNITHES RATITAE (p. 25).

RATITAE (p. 26) { I. Struthiones (p. 27): Fam. Struthionidae (p. 27). { II. Rheae (p. 30): Fam. Rheidae (p. 30). { III. Megistanes (p. 32): { Fam. I. Casuariidae (p. 33). { { Fam. II. Dromaeidae (p. 36). { IV. Apteryges (p. 38): Fam. Apterygidae (p. 38). { V. Dinornithes (p. 41): Fam. Dinornithidae (p. 41). { VI. Aepyornithes (p. 43): Fam. Aepyornithidae (p. 43).

?? STEREORNITHES { { Mesembriornis, etc. (p. 44). (p. 43) { { Diatryma (p. 45). { ? { Dasornis (p. 45). { { Remiornis (p. 45). { { Gastornis (p. 45).

DIVISION B. NEORNITHES ODONTOLCAE (p. 45).

HESPERORNITHES (p. 46). ? ENALIORNITHES (p. 46). ? Baptornis (p. 46).

DIVISION C. NEORNITHES CARINATAE (p. 48).

ICHTHYORNITHES { Fam. ICHTHYORNITHIDAE (p. 48): Ichthyornis (p. 48). (p. 48) { ? Apatornis (p. 49).

Order. Sub-Order. Family. Sub-family.

COLYMBIFORMES { COLYMBI (p. 49) COLYMBIDAE (p. 50). (p. 49) { PODICIPEDES PODICIPEDIDAE (p. 52). { (p. 49)

SPHENISCIFORMES SPHENISCI SPHENISCIDAE (p. 54) (p. 54) (p. 54).

PROCELLARIIFORMES (p. 59) TUBINARES PROCELLARIIDAE { Diomedeinae (p. 63). (p. 59) (p. 59) { Oceanitinae (p. 65). { Procellariinae (p. 65). { Pelecanoïdinae (p. 68).

CICONIIFORMES{ STEGANOPODES { PHAËTHONTIDAE (p. 72). (p. 70) { (p. 70) { SULIDAE (p. 73). { { PHALACROCORACIDAE (p. 75). { { FREGATIDAE (p. 81). { { PELECANIDAE (p. 83). { { ARDEAE (p. 86) { ARDEIDAE (p. 87). { { SCOPIDAE (p. 95). { { CICONIAE { CICONIIDAE (p. 95). { (p. 95) { IBIDIDAE { Ibidinae (p. 100). { { (p. 99) { Plataleinae (p. 103). { { PHOENICOPTERI { PHOENICOPTERIDAE (p. 105). { (p. 105) { PALAELODIDAE (pp. 105, 108).

ANSERIFORMES { PALAMEDEAE { PALAMEDEIDAE (p. 108) { (p. 108). { (p. 108) { { ANSERES { ANATIDAE { Merginae (p. 115). { (p. 110) { (p. 111) { Merganettinae (p. 116). { { { Erismaturinae (p. 117). { { { Fuligulinae (p. 118). { { { Anatinae (p. 123). { { { Chenonettinae (p. 130). { { { Anserinae (p. 131). { { { Cereopsinae (p. 133). { { { Plectropterinae(p. 133). { { { Anseranatinae (p. 135). { { { Cygninae (p. 135).

FALCONIFORMES{ CATHARTAE { CATHARTIDAE (p. 137) { (p. 137) { (p. 137). { { ACCIPITRES { SERPENTARIIDAE (p. 141). { (pp. 137, 141) { VULTURIDAE (p. 143). { { FALCONIDAE { Gypaëtinae (p. 150). { { (p. 146) { Polyborinae (p. 151). { { { Accipitrinae (p. 153). { { { Aquilinae (p. 159). { { { Buteoninae (p. 164). { { { Falconinae (p. 173). { { PANDIONIDAE (p. 180).

TINAMIFORMES { TINAMI (p. 182) { TINAMIDAE (CRYPTURIDAE) (p. 182) { { (p. 182).

GALLIFORMES { MESITAE (p. 186){ MESITIDAE (p. 186). (p. 186) { { TURNICES { TURNICIDAE (p. 187). { (p. 187) { PEDIONOMIDAE (p. 189). { { GALLI (p. 190) { MEGAPODIIDAE { { (p. 190). { { CRACIDAE { Cracinae (p. 196). { { (p. 194) { Penelopinae (p. 197). { { { Oreophasinae (p. 198). { { PHASIANIDAE { Numidinae (p. 204). { { (p. 198) { Meleagrinae (p. 206). { { { Phasianinae (p. 206). { { { Odontophorinae (p. 230). { { { Tetraoninae (p. 233). { { OPISTHOCOMI { OPISTHOCOMIDAE { (p. 241) { (p. 241).

GRUIFORMES { { RALLIDAE (p. 243). (p. 243) { { GRUIDAE (p. 251). { { ARAMIDAE (p. 256). { { PSOPHIIDAE (p. 257). { { CARIAMIDAE (p. 258). { { OTIDIDAE (p. 260). { { RHINOCHETIDAE (p. 263). { { EURYPYGIDAE (p. 265). { { HELIORNITHIDAE (p. 267).

CHARADRIIFORMES (p. 268) { LIMICOLAE { CHARADRIIDAE { Charadriinae (p. 272). { (p. 268) { (p. 272) { Tringinae (p. 278). { { { Scolopacinae (p. 289). { { CHIONIDIDAE (p. 292). { { GLAREOLIDAE { Glareolinae (p. 293). { { (p. 293) { Dromadinae (p. 296). { { THINOCORYTHIDAE (p. 296). { { OEDICNEMIDAE (p. 297). { { PARRIDAE (p. 297) { { LARI { LARIDAE { Stercorariinae (p. 304). { (pp. 268, 300) { (p. 300) { Larinae (p. 305). { { { Rhynchopinae (p. 310). { { { Sterninae (p. 310). { { ALCAE (p. 315) { ALCIDAE (p. 315). { { PTEROCLES { PTEROCLIDAE { (p. 321) { (p. 321). { { COLUMBAE { DIDIDAE (p. 328). { (p. 325) { DIDUNCULIDAE (p. 331). { { COLUMBIDAE { Gourinae (p. 334). { { (p. 333) { Peristerinae (p. 334). { { { Columbinae (p. 342). { { { Treroninae (p. 344).

CUCULIFORMES { CUCULI (p. 351) { CUCULIDAE { Cuculinae (p. 352). (p. 351) { { (p. 351) { Centropodinae (p. 356). { { { Phaenicophainae(p. 357). { { { Neomorphinae (p. 357). { { { Diplopterinae (p. 359). { { { Crotophaginae (p. 359). { { MUSOPHAGIDAE (p. 359). { { PSITTACI { PSITTACIDAE { Stringopinae (p. 366). { (p. 361) { (p. 366) { Psittacinae (p. 367). { { { Cacatuinae (p. 372). { {TRICHOGLOSSIDAE{ Cyclopsittacinae(p. 373) { { (p. 373) { Loriinae (p. 373). { { { Nestorinae (p. 374).

CORACIIFORMES{ CORACIAE { CORACIIDAE { Coraciinae (p. 376). (p. 376) { (p. 376) { (p. 376) { Leptosomatinae (p. 378). { { MOMOTIDAE { Momotinae (p. 380). { { (p. 379) { Todinae (p. 381). { { ALCEDINIDAE { Halcyoninae (p. 385). { { (p. 382) { Alcedininae (p. 386). { { MEROPIDAE (p. 387). { { BUCEROTIDAE (p. 390). { { UPUPIDAE { Upupinae (p. 395). { { (p. 395) { Irrisorinae (p. 397). { { STRIGES { STRIGIDAE { Striginae (p. 403). { (p. 397) { (p. 398) { Buboninae (p. 404). { { CAPRIMULGI { CAPRIMULGIDAE { Caprimulginae (p. 418). { (p. 415) { (p. 417) { Nyctibiinae (p. 418). { { PODARGIDAE (p. 419). { { STEATORNITHIDAE (p. 419). { { CYPSELI { CYPSELIDAE { Macropteryginae(p. 422). { (p. 419) { (p. 420) { Chaeturinae (p. 422). { { { Cypselinae (p. 424). { { TROCHILIDAE (p. 426). { { COLII (p. 439) { COLIIDAE (p. 439). { { TROGONES { TROGONIDAE { (p. 441) { (p. 441). { { PICI (p. 445) { GALBULIDAE { Galbulinae (p. 445). { { (p. 445) { Bucconinae (p. 446). { { CAPITONIDAE { Capitoninae (p. 448). { { (p. 448) { Indicatorinae (p. 451). { { RHAMPHASTIDAE (p. 453) { { PICIDAE { Picinae (p. 457). { { (p. 457) { Iynginae (p. 464).

Order PASSERIFORMES (p. 466)

Group. Division. Family. Sub-family.

PASSERES { SUBCLAMATORES { EURYLAEMIDAE ANISOMYODAE{ (p. 467) { (p. 467). (p. 467) { { CLAMATORES { PITTIDAE { (p. 469) { (p. 469). { { PHILEPITTIDAE { { (p. 471). { { XENICIDAE { { (p. 472). { { TYRANNIDAE { Taeniopterinae } { { (p. 473) { Platyrhynchinae } p. { { { Elaineinae } 473 { { { Tyranninae } { { OXYRHAMPHIDAE { { (p. 477). { { PIPRIDAE { { (p. 477). { { COTINGIDAE { Tityrinae } { { (p. 479) { Lipauginae } { { { Attilinae } (p. { { { Rupicolinae } 479). { { { Cotinginae } { { { Gymnoderinae } { { PHYTOTOMIDAE { { (p. 483). { { DENDROCO- { Furnariinae } { { LAPTIDAE { Synallaxinae } (p. { { (p. 483) { Sclerurinae } 484). { { { Dendrocolaptinae } { { FORMICARIIDAE { Thamnophilinae } (p. { { (p. 488) { Formicariinae } 488). { { { Grallariinae } { { CONOPOPHAGIDAE { { (p. 489). { { PTEROPTOCHIDAE { { (p. 490).

PASSERES { SUBOSCINES { MENURIDAE DIACROMYODAE{ (p. 491) { (p. 491). (p. 491) { { ATRICHORNITHIDAE { { (p. 493). { { OSCINES { ALAUDIDAE { (p. 494) { (p. 496). { { MOTACILLIDAE { Motacillinae } (p. 498). { { (p. 498) { Anthinae } { { HENICURIDAE { { (p. 501). { { TIMELIIDAE { { (p. 501). { { PYCNONOTIDAE { { (p. 504). { { MUSCICAPIDAE { { (p. 506). { { TURDIDAE { Turdinae (p. 509). { { (p. 509) { Myiodectinae (p. 513). { { { Sylviinae (p. 513). { { { Polioptilinae (p. 514). { { { Miminae (p. 514). { { CINCLIDAE { { (p. 519). { { TROGLODYTIDAE { { (p. 521). { { CHAMAEIDAE { { (p. 522). { { HIRUNDINIDAE { { (p. 522). { { CAMPEPHAGIDAE { { (p. 525). { { DICRURIDAE { { (p. 527). { { AMPELIDAE { { (p. 529). { { ARTAMIDAE { { (p. 530). { { LANIIDAE { Gymnorhininae (p. 532). { { (p. 531) { Malaconotinae (p. 533). { { { Pachycephalinae { { { (p 533). { { { Laniinae (p. 534). { { { Prionopinae (p. 535). { { VIREONIDAE { { (p. 536). { { SITTIDAE { { (p. 536). { { PARIDAE { { (p. 538). { { PANURIDAE { { (p. 541). { { ORIOLIDAE { { (p. 542). { { PARADISEIDAE { { (p. 543). { { CORVIDAE { Corvinae } { { (p. 552) { Garrulinae } (p. 552). { { { Fregilinae } { { STURNIDAE { { (p. 559). { { DREPANIDIDAE { { (p. 562). { { MELIPHAGIDAE { Myzomelinae } (p. { { (p. 564) { Meliphaginae } 564). { { ZOSTEROPIDAE { { (p. 568). { { NECTARINIIDAE { { (p. 568). { { DICAEIDAE { { (p. 570). { { CERTHIIDAE (p. 571). { { COEREBIDAE { { (p. 572). { { MNIOTILTIDAE { { (p. 573. { { TANAGRIDAE { { (p. 575). { { PLOCEIDAE { Viduinae (p. 576). { { (p. 576) { Ploceinae (p. 577). { { ICTERIDAE { Cassicinae } { { (p. 579) { Agelaeinae } (p. { { { Sturnellinae } 579). { { { Icterinae } { { { Quiscalinae } { { FRINGILLIDAE } (p. 582). { { + EMBERIZIDAE }

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