The Cambridge Natural History, Vol. 01 (of 10)

CHAPTER XXI

ECHINODERMATA (CONTINUED): DEVELOPMENT AND PHYLOGENY 601

INDEX 625

SCHEME OF THE CLASSIFICATION ADOPTED IN THIS BOOK

The names of extinct groups are printed in italics.

PROTOZOA (pp. 1, 48).

SARCODINA (p. 51) +-- RHIZOPODA (p. 51) | +-- Lobosa (p. 51). | +-- Filosa (p. 52). +-- FORAMINIFERA (p. 58) | +-- Allogromidiaceae (p. 58). | +-- Astrorhizidaceae (p. 59). | +-- Lituolidaceae (p. 59). | +-- Miliolidaceae (p. 59). | +-- Textulariaceae (p. 59). | +-- Cheilostomellaceae (p. 59). | +-- Lagenaceae (p. 59). | +-- Globigerinidae (p. 59). | +-- Rotaliaceae (p. 59). | +-- Nummulitaceae (p. 59). +-- HELIOZOA (p. 70) | +-- Aphrothoraca (p. 70). | +-- Chlamydophora (p. 71). | +-- Chalarothoraca (p. 71). | +-- Desmothoraca (p. 71). +-- RADIOLARIA (p. 75) | +-- PORULOSA = HOLOTRYPASTA (p. 76) | | +-- Spumellaria = Peripylaea (pp. 76, 77) | | | +-- Collodaria (p. 77) | | | | +-- Colloidea (p. 77). | | | | +-- Beloidea (p. 77). | | | +-- Sphaerellaria (p. 77) | | | +-- Sphaeroidea (p. 77). | | | +-- Prunoidea (p. 77). | | | +-- Discoidea (p. 77). | | | +-- Larcoidea (p. 77). | | +-- Acantharia = Actipylaea (pp. 76, 78) | | +-- Actinelida (p. 78). | | +-- Acanthonida (p. 78). | | +-- Sphaerophracta (p. 78). | | +-- Prunophracta (p. 78). | +-- OSCULOSA = MONOTRYPASTA (p. 76) | +-- Nassellaria = Monopylaea (pp. 76, 78) | | +-- Nassoidea (p. 78). | | +-- Plectoidea (p. 78). | | +-- Stephoidea (p. 78). | | +-- Spyroidea (p. 78). | | +-- Botryoidea (p. 79). | | +-- Cyrtoidea (p. 79). | +-- Phaeodaria = Cannopylaea | = Tripylaea (pp. 76, 79) | +-- Phaeocystina (p. 79). | +-- Phaeosphaeria (p. 79). | +-- Phaeogromia (p. 79). | +-- Phaeoconchia (p. 79). +-- PROTEOMYXA (p. 88) | +-- Myxoidea (p. 89) | | +-- Zoosporeae (p. 89). | | +-- Azoosporeae (p. 89). | +-- Catallacta (p. 89). +-- MYCETOZOA (p. 90) --------+ +-- Acrasieae (p. 90). +-- Filoplasmodieae (p. 90). +-- Myxomycetes (pp. 90, 91).

SPOROZOA (p. 94) +-- TELOSPORIDIA (p. 97) | +-- Gregarinidaceae (pp. 97, 98) | | +-- Schizogregarinidae (p. 97). | | +-- Acephalinidae (p. 97). | | +-- Dicystidae (p. 97). | +-- Coccidiaceae (pp. 97, 99) | +-- Coccidiidae (pp. 97, 99). | +-- Haemosporidae (pp. 97, 102). | +-- Acystosporidae (pp. 97, 102). +-- NEOSPORIDIA (p. 97) +-- Myxosporidiaceae (pp. 98, 106). +-- Actinomyxidiaceae (p. 98). +-- Sarcosporidiaceae (pp. 98, 108).

FLAGELLATA (p. 109) -----+ +-- Pantostomata (p. 109). +-- Protomastigaceae (p. 110) | +-- Distomatidae (p. 110). | +-- Oikomonadidae (p. 111). | +-- Bicoecidae (p. 111). | +-- Craspedomonadidae (pp. 111, 121). | +-- Phalansteridae (p. 111). | +-- Monadidae (p. 111). | +-- Bodonidae (p. 111). | +-- Amphimonadidae (p. 111). | +-- Trimastigidae (p. 111). | +-- Polymastigidae (p. 111). | +-- Trichonymphidae (pp. 111, 123). | +-- Opalinidae (pp. 111, 123). +-- Chrysomonadaceae (pp. 110, 125) | +-- Coccolithophoridae (p. 114). +-- Cryptomonadaceae (p. 110). +-- Volvocaceae (pp. 110, 111) | +-- Chlamydomonadidae (pp. 111, 125). | +-- Volvocidae (pp. 111, 126). +-- Chloromonadaceae (p. 110). +-- Euglenaceae (pp. 110, 124). +-- Silicoflagellata (pp. 110, 114). +-- Cystoflagellata (pp. 110, 132). +-- Dinoflagellata (pp. 110, 130).

INFUSORIA (p. 136) +-- CILIATA (p. 137) | +-- Gymnostomaceae (pp. 137, 152). | +-- Aspirotrichaceae (pp. 137, 153). | +-- Heterotrichaceae (pp. 137, 153). | +-- Oligotrichaceae (pp. 137, 155). | +-- Hypotrichaceae (pp. 137, 138). | +-- Peritrichaceae (pp. 138, 155). +-- SUCTORIA = TENTACULIFERA (p. 158).

PORIFERA (p. 163)

Class. Sub-Class. Order. Family. Sub-Family. MEGAMASTICTORA (pp. 183, 184) +-- CALCAREA (p. 184) +-- HOMOCOELA (p. 185) | +-- Leucosoleniidae (p. 185). | +-- Clathrinidae (p. 185). +-- HETEROCOELA (p. 187) +-- Sycettidae (p. 187). +-- Grantiidae (p. 192). +-- Heteropidae (p. 192). +-- Amphoriscidae (p. 192). +-- Pharetronidae (p. 192) | +-- Dialytinae (p. 192). | +-- Lithoninae (p. 193). +-- Astroscleridae (p. 194).

MICROMASTICTORA (pp. 183, 195) +-- MYXOSPONGIAE (p. 196). +-- HEXACTINELLIDA (p. 197) | +-- AMPHIDISCOPHORA (p. 203). | +-- HEXASTEROPHORA (p. 203). | +---------------------- Receptaculitidae (p. 207). +-- OCTACTINELLIDA (p. 208). +-- HETERACTINELLIDA (p. 208). +-- DEMOSPONGIAE (p. 209) +-- TETRACTINELLIDA (pp. 211, 212) | +-- Choristida (p. 212). | +-- Lithistida (pp. 212, 215). +-- MONAXONIDA (pp. 211, 216) | +-- Halichondrina (p. 217). | +-- Spintharophora (p. 217). +-- CERATOSA (pp. 211, 220) +-- Dictyoceratina (p. 220) | +-- Spongidae (p. 220). | +-- Spongelidae (p. 220). +-- Dendroceratina (pp. 220, 221).

COELENTERATA (p. 243)

Class. Order. Sub-Order. Family. Sub-Family. HYDROZOA (p. 249) +-- ELEUTHEROBLASTEA (p. 253). +-- MILLEPORINA (p. 257). +-- GYMNOBLASTEA (ANTHOMEDUSAE) (p. 262) | +-- Bougainvilliidae (p. 269). | +-- Podocorynidae (p. 270). | +-- Clavatellidae (p. 270). | +-- Cladonemidae (p. 270). | +-- Tubulariidae (p. 271). | +-- Ceratellidae (p. 271). | +-- Pennariidae (p. 272). | +-- Corynidae (p. 272). | +-- Clavidae (p. 272). | +-- Tiaridae (p. 273). | +-- Corymorphidae (p. 273). | +-- Hydrolaridae (p. 273). | +-- Monobrachiidae (p. 274). | +-- Myriothelidae (p. 274). | +-- Pelagohydridae (p. 274). +-- CALYPTOBLASTEA (LEPTOMEDUSAE) (p. 275) | +-- Aequoreidae (p. 278). | +-- Thaumantiidae (p. 278). | +-- Cannotidae (p. 278). | +-- Sertulariidae (p. 278). | +-- Plumulariidae (p. 279) | | +-- Eleutheroplea (p. 279). | | +-- Statoplea (p. 279). | +-- Hydroceratinidae (p. 279). | +-- Campanulariidae (p. 280). | +-- Eucopidae (p. 280). | +-- Dendrograptidae (p. 281). +-- GRAPTOLITOIDEA (p. 281) | +-- Monoprionidae (p. 282). | +-- Diprionidae (p. 282). | +-- Retiolitidae (p. 282). | +-- Stromatoporidae (p. 283). +-- STYLASTERINA (p. 283) | +-- Stylasteridae (p. 285). +-- TRACHOMEDUSAE (p. 288) | +-- Olindiidae (p. 291). | +-- Petasidae (p. 294). | +-- Trachynemidae (p. 294). | +-- Pectyllidae (p. 294). | +-- Aglauridae (p. 294). | +-- Geryoniidae (p. 295). +-- NARCOMEDUSAE (p. 295) | +-- Cunanthidae (p. 296). | +-- Peganthidae (p. 296). | +-- Aeginidae (p. 296). | +-- Solmaridae (p. 296). +-- SIPHONOPHORA (p. 297) +-- Calycophorae (p. 305) | +-- Monophyidae (p. 306) | | +-- Sphaeronectinae (p. 306). | | +-- Cymbonectinae (p. 306). | +-- Diphyidae (p. 306) | | | Oppositae (p. 306). | | +-- Amphicaryoninae (p. 306) --+ | | +-- Prayinae (p. 306) ---------+ | | +-- Desmophyinae (p. 307) -----+ | | +-- Stephanophyinae (p. 307) --+ | | | Superpositae (p. 307). | | +-- Galeolarinae (p. 307) -----+ | | +-- Diphyopsinae (p. 307) -----+ | | +-- Abylinae (p. 307) ---------+ | +-- Polyphyidae (p. 307). +-- Physophorae (p. 307) +-- Physonectidae (p. 307) | +-- Agalminae (p. 307). | +-- Apoleminae (p. 307). | +-- Physophorinae (p. 308). +-- Auronectidae (p. 308). +-- Rhizophysaliidae (p. 308). +-- Chondrophoridae (p. 308).

SCYPHOZOA = SCYPHOMEDUSAE (pp. 249, 310) +-- CUBOMEDUSAE (p. 318) | +-- Charybdeidae (p. 318). | +-- Chirodropidae (p. 319). | +-- Tripedaliidae (p. 319). +-- STAUROMEDUSAE (p. 320) | +-- Lucernariidae (p. 320). | +-- Depastridae (p. 321). | +-- Stenoscyphidae (p. 321). +-- CORONATA (p. 321) | +-- Periphyllidae (p. 322). | +-- Ephyropsidae (p. 322). | +-- Atollidae (p. 322). +-- DISCOPHORA (p. 323) +-- Semaeostomata (p. 323) | +-- Pelagiidae (p. 323). | +-- Cyanaeidae (p. 324). | +-- Ulmaridae (p. 324). +-- Rhizostomata (p. 324) +-- Cassiopeidae (p. 324) --+ = Arcadomyaria | --+ (p. 324). +-- Cepheidae (p. 324) --+ = Radiomyaria | --+ (p. 324). +-- Rhizostomatidae (p. 325)--+ +-- Lychnorhizidae (p. 325) | = Cyclomyaria +-- Leptobrachiidae (p. 325) | (p. 325). +-- Catostylidae (p. 325) --+

Class. Sub-Class. Grade. Order. Sub-Order. Family. ANTHOZOA = ACTINOZOA (pp. 249, 326) +-- ALCYONARIA (p. 329) | +-- PROTOALCYONACEA (p. 342) | | +-- Haimeidae (p. 342). | +-- SYNALCYONACEA (p. 342) | +-- Stolonifera (p. 342) | | +-- Cornulariidae (p. 344). | | +-- Clavulariidae (p. 344). | | +-- Tubiporidae (p. 344). | | +-- Favositidae (p. 344). | +-- Coenothecalia (p. 344) | | +-- Heliolitidae (p. 346). | | +-- Helioporidae (p. 346). | | +-- Coccoseridae (p. 346). | | +-- Thecidae (p. 346). | | +-- Chaetetidae (p. 346). | +-- Alcyonacea (p. 346) | | +-- Xeniidae (p. 348). | | +-- Telestidae (p. 348). | | +-- Coelogorgiidae (p. 349). | | +-- Alcyoniidae (p. 349). | | +-- Nephthyidae (p. 349). | | +-- Siphonogorgiidae (p. 349). | +-- Gorgonacea (p. 350) | | +-- Pseudaxonia (p. 350) | | | +-- Briareidae (p. 350). | | | +-- Sclerogorgiidae (p. 351). | | | +-- Melitodidae (p. 351). | | | +-- Coralliidae (p. 352). | | +-- Axifera (p. 353) | | +-- Isidae (p. 353). | | +-- Primnoidae (p. 354). | | +-- Chrysogorgiidae (p. 355). | | +-- Muriceidae (p. 355). | | +-- Plexauridae (p. 356). | | +-- Gorgoniidae (p. 356). | | +-- Gorgonellidae (p. 357). | +-- Pennatulacea (p. 358) | +-- Pennatuleae (p. 361) | | +-- Pteroeididae (p. 361). | | +-- Pennatulidae (p. 361). | | +-- Virgulariidae (p. 362). | +-- Spicatae (p. 362) | | +-- Funiculinidae (p. 362). | | +-- Anthoptilidae (p. 362). | | +-- Kophobelemnonidae (p. 362). | | +-- Umbellulidae (p. 362). | +-- Verticilladeae (p. 363) | +-- Renilleae (p. 363) | | +-- Renillidae (p. 363). | +-- Veretilleae (p. 364) +-- ZOANTHARIA (pp. 329, 365) | Edwardsiidea (p. 375) | +-- Edwardsiidae (p. 377). | +-- Protantheidae (p. 377). | Actiniaria (p. 377) | +-- Actiniina (p. 380) | | +-- Halcampidae (p. 380). | | +-- Actiniidae (p. 381). | | +-- Sagartiidae (p. 381). | | +-- Aliciidae (p. 382). | | +-- Phyllactidae (p. 382). | | +-- Bunodidae (p. 382). | | +-- Minyadidae (p. 383). | +-- Stichodactylina (p. 383) | +-- Corallimorphidae (p. 383). | +-- Discosomatidae (p. 383). | +-- Rhodactidae (p. 383). | +-- Thalassianthidae (p. 383). +-- Madreporaria (p. 384) | +----------- Cyathophyllidae (p. 394). | +----------- Cyathaxoniidae (p. 394). | +----------- Cystiphyllidae (p. 394). | +-- Entocnemaria (p. 394) | | +-- Madreporidae (p. 395). | | +-- Poritidae (p. 396). | +-- Cyclocnemaria (p. 397) | | Aporosa (p. 397). | +-- Turbinoliidae (p. 398) ----+ | +-- Oculinidae (p. 399) -------+ | +-- Astraeidae (p. 399) -------+ | | A. Gemmantes (p. 400) | | | A. Fissiparantes (p. 400) | | +-- Trochosmiliacea -----------+ | | [Sub-Fam.] (p. 401) | | +-- Pocilloporidae (p. 401) ---+ | | Fungacea (p. 402). | +-- Plesiofungiidae (p. 403) --+ | +-- Fungiidae (p. 403) --------+ | +-- Cycloseridae (p. 404) -----+ | +-- Plesioporitidae (p. 404) + | +-- Eupsammiidae (p. 404) -----+ +-- Zoanthidea (p. 404) ---+ | +-- Zoanthidae (p. 404). | +-- Zaphrentidae (p. 406). +-- Antipathidea = Antipatharia (p. 407) | +-- Antipathidae (p. 408). | +-- Leiopathidae (p. 409). | +-- Dendrobrachiidae (p. 409). +-- Cerianthidea (p. 409).

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