The Book of Antelopes, Vol. 3 (of 4)

Part 1

THE

BOOK OF ANTELOPES.

PHILIP LUTLEY SCLATER, M.A., PH.D., F.R.S., SECRETARY TO THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON,

AND

OLDFIELD THOMAS, F.Z.S., F.R.G.S., ASSISTANT IN THE ZOOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

IN FOUR VOLUMES (1894–1900).

VOL. III.

LONDON: R. H. PORTER, 7 PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, W. 1897–1898.

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

CONTENTS.

VOL. III.

Page

Subfamily V. ANTILOPINÆ 1

Genus I. ANTILOPE 3

76. THE BLACK-BUCK. Antilope cervicapra (Linn.). [Plate XLVII.] 5

Genus II. ÆPYCEROS 15

77. THE PALLAH. Æpyceros melampus (Licht.). [Plate XLVIII.] 17

78. THE ANGOLAN PALLAH. Æ. petersi, Bocage 25

Genus III. SAIGA 29

79. THE SAIGA. Saiga tatarica (Linn.). [Plate XLIX.] 31

Genus IV. PANTHOLOPS 43

80. THE CHIRU. Pantholops hodgsoni (Abel). [Plate L.] 45

Genus V. ANTIDORCAS 53

81. THE SPRINGBUCK. Antidorcas euchore (Zimm.). [Plate LI.] 55

Genus VI. GAZELLA 65

82. THE TIBETAN GAZELLE. Gazella picticaudata (Hodgs.). [Plate LII.] 71

83. PRZEWALSKI’S GAZELLE. G. przewalskii, Büchn. [Plate LIII.] 79

84. THE MONGOLIAN GAZELLE. G. gutturosa (Pall.). [Plate LIV.] 83

Part 2

85. THE PERSIAN GAZELLE. G. subgutturosa (Güld.). [Plate LV.] 89

86. THE MARICA GAZELLE. G. marica, Thos. [Plate LVI.] 95

87. THE DORCAS GAZELLE. G. dorcas (Linn.). [Plate LVII.] 99

88. THE EDMI GAZELLE. G. cuvieri (Ogilby). [Plate LVIII.] 109

89. THE ARABIAN GAZELLE. G. arabica (Licht.). [Plate LIX.] 115

90. THE INDIAN GAZELLE. G. bennetti (Sykes). [Plate LX.] 119

91. SPEKE’S GAZELLE. G. spekei, Blyth. [Plate LXI.] 125

92. PELZELN’S GAZELLE. G. pelzelni, Kohl. [Plate LXII.] 133

93. LODER’S GAZELLE. G. leptoceros (F. Cuv.). [Plate LXIII.] 137

94. THE ISABELLA GAZELLE. G. isabella, Gray. [Plate LXIV.] 151

95. THE MUSCAT GAZELLE. G. muscatensis, Brooke. [Plate LXV.] 155

96. HEUGLIN’S GAZELLE. G. tilonura (Heugl.). [Plate LXVI.] 159

97. THE RED-FRONTED GAZELLE. G. rufifrons, Gray. [Plate LXVII.] 163

98. THE RUFOUS GAZELLE. G. rufina, Thos. 167

99. THOMSON’S GAZELLE. G. thomsoni, Günth. [Plate LXVIII.] 171

100. GRANT’S GAZELLE. Gazella granti, Brooke. [Plate LXIX.] 179

101. PETERS’S GAZELLE. G. petersi, Günth. 187

102. THE BANDED GAZELLE. G. notata, Thos. 191

103. SOEMMERING’S GAZELLE. G. soemmerringi (Cretzschm.). [Plate LXX.] 195

104. THE RED-NECKED GAZELLE. G. ruficollis (Ham. Smith). [Plate LXXI.] 205

105. THE DAMA GAZELLE. G. dama (Pall.) 209

106. THE MHORR GAZELLE. G. mhorr (Benn.). [Plate LXXII.] 213

Genus VII. AMMODORCAS 217

107. THE DIBATAG. Ammodorcas clarkei (Thos.). [Plate LXXIII.] 219

Genus VIII. LITHOCRANIUS 227

108. THE GERENUK. Lithocranius walleri (Brooke). [Plate LXXIV.] 229

Genus IX. DORCOTRAGUS 239

109. THE BEIRA. Dorcotragus megalotis (Menges). [Plate LXXV.] 241

Part 3

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

IN THE TEXT.

VOL. III.

Fig. Page

45. Horns of Black-buck, ♂ 13

46. Abnormal horns of female Indian Antelope 14

47. Head of Pallah, ♂, front view 23

48. Front view of head of Angolan Pallah 26

49. Group of Saigas 35

50. Frontlet and horns of Saiga (fossil), ♂ 39

51. Head of male Saiga in its winter dress 40

52. Horns of Chiru 48

53. Horns of Springbuck, ♂ & ♀ 61

54. Skull and horns of the Tibetan Gazelle 73

55. Goa Antelopes on the Donkia Pass 74

56. Skull and horns of Mongolian Gazelle 87

57. Head of Dorcas Gazelle, ♂ 108

58. Head of Edmi Gazelle, ♂ 113

59. Front view of head of Edmi Gazelle, ♀ 114

60. Head of Arabian Gazelle 117

61. Head of Gazella fuscifrons, ♀ 123

62. Head of adult male Speke’s Gazelle 128

63. Head of adult female Speke’s Gazelle 129

64. Head of young male Speke’s Gazelle 131

65. Head of Pelzeln’s Gazelle, ♂ 135

65a. Skull of Pelzeln’s Gazelle, ♀ 135

66. Diagram of horns of Rhime (a) and Admi (b) 143

67. Front view of head of a female Loder’s Gazelle 147

Part 4

68. Skull of Gazella leptoceros loderi, ♂ 148

69, 69a. Heads of Isabella Gazelle, ♂ & ♀ 154

70, 70a. Heads of Muscat Gazelle, ♂ & ♀ 156

71, 72. Heads of Heuglin’s Gazelle, ♂ & ♀ 160

73. Skull of Rufous Gazelle 168

74. Horns of Thomson’s Gazelle, ♂ 172

75. Front view of head of Thomson’s Gazelle, ♀ 174

76. Grant’s Gazelle, Ugogo 181

77, 78. Heads of Grant’s Gazelle, ♂ & ♀ 182

79. Skull and horns of Peters’s Gazelle, ♂ 188

80. Skin of the Banded Gazelle 192

81. Skull and horns of Gazella soemmerringi typica (male) 197

82a, 82b. Skull and horns of Gazella soemmerringi berberana, ♂ & ♀ 198

83. Head of the Dibatag, ♂ 222

84. Map of Somaliland (showing the localities of the Dibatag) 225

85. Skull of the Gerenuk 231

86. Sketch of Gerenuk, ♂ & ♀, in characteristic attitudes 232

87. Front view of the head of the Beira 245

THE BOOK OF ANTELOPES.

VOL. III.

SUBFAMILY V. ANTILOPINÆ.

General Characters.--Size medium or small. Muzzle hairy. Anteorbital glands variable, large in some genera, absent in others. Tail generally short. Mammæ 2 (4 in Saiga).

Skull usually with supraorbital pits, lachrymal vacuities, and anteorbital fossæ. Molars tall and narrow.

Horns present in the male only, except in Antidorcas and in most of the species of Gazella.

Range of Subfamily. South-eastern Europe, Western and Central Asia, Peninsula of India, and the whole of Africa.

The greater part of this subfamily consists of the Gazelles and their allies, the Saiga, Chiru, Springbuck, Gerenuk, and Dibatag; and with these, by common consent, are included the Black-buck, the typical form of the whole group of Antelopes, and the Pallahs. We have also thought that the anomalous little Antelope known as the Beira would best be placed in this subfamily, near the Gazelles, in spite of the superficial resemblance it bears to certain members of the subfamily Neotraginæ.

The present subfamily consists therefore of nine genera, which may be arranged as follows:--

A. Horns spirally twisted 1. ANTILOPE. B. Horns curved or straight, not twisted. a. False hoofs absent 2. ÆPYCEROS. b. False hoofs present. a^1. Horns medium or long, curved. a^2. Muzzle swollen or elongated. a^3. Horns medium, lyrate, whitish 3. SAIGA. b^3. Horns long, slightly curved, black 4. PANTHOLOPS. b^2. Muzzle slender, normal. a^3. Neck normal. a^4. Horns convex forwards for three-fourths their length. a^5. Back with a central white streak. Lower premolars 2. 5. ANTIDORCAS. b^5. Back normal. Lower premolars 3 6. GAZELLA. b^4. Horns concave forwards, except just at their base. 7. AMMODORCAS. b^3. Neck much elongated. Horns as in Gazella. 8. LITHOCRANIUS. b^1. Horns short, quite straight 9. DORCOTRAGUS.

Part 5

GENUS I. ANTILOPE.

Type. Antilope, =Pall.= Misc. Zool. p. 1 (1766) A. CERVICAPRA.

Size medium. Muzzle hairy. A large anteorbital gland present. Tail short, compressed. Mammæ 2. Accessory hoofs present. Glands in all the feet and in the groin.

Skull with deep pits between the orbits, very small or no lachrymal vacuities, and large anteorbital fossæ. Molars tall and narrow.

Horns long, placed close together, widely divergent, cylindrical, spirally twisted, closely ringed throughout. Female normally hornless.

Range of the Genus. Peninsula of India.

One species only is known.

THE BOOK OF ANTELOPES, PL. XLVII.

J. Smit, del. & lith. Hanhart imp.

The Black-buck

ANTILOPE CERVICAPRA.

Published by R. H. Porter.]

76. THE BLACK-BUCK.

ANTILOPE CERVICAPRA (LINN.).

Gazella africana--The Antelope, =Ray=, Quadr. p. 79 (1693).

Capra cervicapra, =Linn.= Syst. Nat. (10) i. p. 69 (1758), (12) i. p. 96 (1766).

Antilope cervicapra, =Pall.= Misc. Zool. p. 9 (1766); =id.= Spic. Zool. i. p. 18 (1767), xii. p. 19 (1777); =Erxl.= Syst. R. A. p. 283 (1777); =Zimm.= Spec. Zool. Geog. p. 542 (1779); =id.= Geogr. Gesch. ii. p. 116 (1780); =Gatt.= Brev. Zool. i. p. 81 (1780); =Schreb.= Säug. pl. cclxviii. (1785); =Bodd.= Elench. Anim. p. 142 (1785); =Gmel.= Linn. S. N. i. p. 192 (1788); =Kerr=, Linn. An. K. p. 319 (1792); =Donnd.= Zool. Beitr. i. p. 644 (1792); =Lath. & Dav.= Faunula Indica, p. 4 (1795); =Link=, Beytr. Nat. ii. p. 90 (1795); =G. Cuv.= Tabl. Élém. p. 164 (1798); =Bechst.= Syst. Uebers. vierf. Th. ii. p. 644 (1800); =Shaw=, Gen. Zool. ii. pt. 2, p. 336 (1801); =Turt.= Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 116 (1802); =Desm.= N. Diet. d’H. N. (1) xxiv. Tabl. p. 33 (1804); =G. Cuv.= Dict. Sci. Nat. ii. p. 235 (1804); =Tied.= Zool. i. p. 410 (1808); =Licht.= Mag. nat. Freund. vi. p. 172 (1814); =G. Fisch.= Zoogn. iii. p. 437 (1814); =Afz.= N. Act. Ups. vii. p. 220 (1815); =Desm.= N. Dict. d’H. N. (2) ii. p. 180 (1816); =G. Cuv.= R. A. i. p. 261 (1817); =Goldf.= Schr. Säug. v. p. 1214 (1818); =Schinz=, Cuv. Thierr. i. p. 389 (1821); =Desm.= Mamm. ii. p. 451 (1822); =Desmoul.= Dict. Class. d’H. N. i. p. 443 (1822); =H. Sm.= Griff. An. K. iv. p. 231, v. p. 337 (1827); =Less.= Man. Mamm. p. 370 (1827); =J. B. Fisch.= Syn. Mamm. p. 457 (1829); =Gray & Hardw.= Ill. Ind. Zool. i. pls. xii. & xiii. (1832); =Benn.= P. Z. S. 1836, p. 34; =Og.= P.Z. S. 1836, p. 137; =Less.= Compl. Buff. x. p. 289 (1836); =Oken=, Allg. Nat. vii. p. 1377 (1838); =Elliot=, Madr. Journ. x. p. 222 (1839); =Laurill.= Dict. Univ. d’H. N. i. p. 620 (1839); =Gerv.= Dict. Sci. Nat. i. p. 260 (1840); =Hodgs.= J. A. S. B. x. p. 913 (1841); =Less.= N. Tabl. R. A., Mamm. p. 175 (1842); =Forst.= Descr. Anim. p. 379 (1844); =Wagn.= Schr. Säug. Suppl. iv. p. 416 (1844), v. p. 409 (1855); =Schinz=, Syn. Mamm. ii. p. 408 (1845); =Hutton=, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 150 (1846); =Sund.= Pecora, K. Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1845, p. 270 (1847); =id.= Hornsch. Transl. Arch. Skand. Beitr. ii. p. 266; Reprint, p. 86 (1848); =Schinz=, Mon. Ant. p. 10, pl. ix. (1848); =Temm.= Esq. Zool. Guin. p. 190 (1853); =Gieb.= Säug. p. 312 (1853); =Kinloch=, Large Game Shooting in Tibet, p. 59 (1869) (pl., head); =Blanf.= J. A. S. B. xliv. pt. 2, p. 19 (1875); =Ball=, P. A. S. B. 1877, p. 171; =Brehm=, Thierl. iii. p. 198 (1880); =Scl.= List Anim. Z. S. (8) p. 144 (1883), (9) p. 158 (1896); =Flow. & Gars.= Cat. Coll. Surg. ii. p. 266 (1884); =Kinloch=, Large Game Shooting, 1885, p. 112, 1892, p. 153, pl. (head); =Jent.= Cat. Ost. Leyd. Mus. (M. P.-B. ix.) p. 137 (1889); =W. Scl.= Cat. Mamm. Calc. Mus. ii. p. 162 (1891); =Blanf.= Mamm. Brit. Ind. p. 521 (1891); =Flow. & Lyd.= Mamm. p. 340 (1891); =Ward=, Horn Meas. (1) p. 95 (1892), (2) p. 139 (1896); =Jent.= Cat. Mamm. Leyd. Mus. (M. P.-B. xi.) p. 169 (1892); =Lyd.= Horns and Hoofs, p. 152 (1893).

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