Part 5

GENUS I. ANTILOPE.

Type. Antilope, =Pall.= Misc. Zool. p. 1 (1766) A. CERVICAPRA.

Size medium. Muzzle hairy. A large anteorbital gland present. Tail short, compressed. Mammæ 2. Accessory hoofs present. Glands in all the feet and in the groin.

Skull with deep pits between the orbits, very small or no lachrymal vacuities, and large anteorbital fossæ. Molars tall and narrow.

Horns long, placed close together, widely divergent, cylindrical, spirally twisted, closely ringed throughout. Female normally hornless.

Range of the Genus. Peninsula of India.

One species only is known.

THE BOOK OF ANTELOPES, PL. XLVII.

J. Smit, del. & lith. Hanhart imp.

The Black-buck

ANTILOPE CERVICAPRA.

Published by R. H. Porter.]

76. THE BLACK-BUCK.

ANTILOPE CERVICAPRA (LINN.).

Gazella africana--The Antelope, =Ray=, Quadr. p. 79 (1693).

Capra cervicapra, =Linn.= Syst. Nat. (10) i. p. 69 (1758), (12) i. p. 96 (1766).

Antilope cervicapra, =Pall.= Misc. Zool. p. 9 (1766); =id.= Spic. Zool. i. p. 18 (1767), xii. p. 19 (1777); =Erxl.= Syst. R. A. p. 283 (1777); =Zimm.= Spec. Zool. Geog. p. 542 (1779); =id.= Geogr. Gesch. ii. p. 116 (1780); =Gatt.= Brev. Zool. i. p. 81 (1780); =Schreb.= Säug. pl. cclxviii. (1785); =Bodd.= Elench. Anim. p. 142 (1785); =Gmel.= Linn. S. N. i. p. 192 (1788); =Kerr=, Linn. An. K. p. 319 (1792); =Donnd.= Zool. Beitr. i. p. 644 (1792); =Lath. & Dav.= Faunula Indica, p. 4 (1795); =Link=, Beytr. Nat. ii. p. 90 (1795); =G. Cuv.= Tabl. Élém. p. 164 (1798); =Bechst.= Syst. Uebers. vierf. Th. ii. p. 644 (1800); =Shaw=, Gen. Zool. ii. pt. 2, p. 336 (1801); =Turt.= Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 116 (1802); =Desm.= N. Diet. d’H. N. (1) xxiv. Tabl. p. 33 (1804); =G. Cuv.= Dict. Sci. Nat. ii. p. 235 (1804); =Tied.= Zool. i. p. 410 (1808); =Licht.= Mag. nat. Freund. vi. p. 172 (1814); =G. Fisch.= Zoogn. iii. p. 437 (1814); =Afz.= N. Act. Ups. vii. p. 220 (1815); =Desm.= N. Dict. d’H. N. (2) ii. p. 180 (1816); =G. Cuv.= R. A. i. p. 261 (1817); =Goldf.= Schr. Säug. v. p. 1214 (1818); =Schinz=, Cuv. Thierr. i. p. 389 (1821); =Desm.= Mamm. ii. p. 451 (1822); =Desmoul.= Dict. Class. d’H. N. i. p. 443 (1822); =H. Sm.= Griff. An. K. iv. p. 231, v. p. 337 (1827); =Less.= Man. Mamm. p. 370 (1827); =J. B. Fisch.= Syn. Mamm. p. 457 (1829); =Gray & Hardw.= Ill. Ind. Zool. i. pls. xii. & xiii. (1832); =Benn.= P. Z. S. 1836, p. 34; =Og.= P.Z. S. 1836, p. 137; =Less.= Compl. Buff. x. p. 289 (1836); =Oken=, Allg. Nat. vii. p. 1377 (1838); =Elliot=, Madr. Journ. x. p. 222 (1839); =Laurill.= Dict. Univ. d’H. N. i. p. 620 (1839); =Gerv.= Dict. Sci. Nat. i. p. 260 (1840); =Hodgs.= J. A. S. B. x. p. 913 (1841); =Less.= N. Tabl. R. A., Mamm. p. 175 (1842); =Forst.= Descr. Anim. p. 379 (1844); =Wagn.= Schr. Säug. Suppl. iv. p. 416 (1844), v. p. 409 (1855); =Schinz=, Syn. Mamm. ii. p. 408 (1845); =Hutton=, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 150 (1846); =Sund.= Pecora, K. Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1845, p. 270 (1847); =id.= Hornsch. Transl. Arch. Skand. Beitr. ii. p. 266; Reprint, p. 86 (1848); =Schinz=, Mon. Ant. p. 10, pl. ix. (1848); =Temm.= Esq. Zool. Guin. p. 190 (1853); =Gieb.= Säug. p. 312 (1853); =Kinloch=, Large Game Shooting in Tibet, p. 59 (1869) (pl., head); =Blanf.= J. A. S. B. xliv. pt. 2, p. 19 (1875); =Ball=, P. A. S. B. 1877, p. 171; =Brehm=, Thierl. iii. p. 198 (1880); =Scl.= List Anim. Z. S. (8) p. 144 (1883), (9) p. 158 (1896); =Flow. & Gars.= Cat. Coll. Surg. ii. p. 266 (1884); =Kinloch=, Large Game Shooting, 1885, p. 112, 1892, p. 153, pl. (head); =Jent.= Cat. Ost. Leyd. Mus. (M. P.-B. ix.) p. 137 (1889); =W. Scl.= Cat. Mamm. Calc. Mus. ii. p. 162 (1891); =Blanf.= Mamm. Brit. Ind. p. 521 (1891); =Flow. & Lyd.= Mamm. p. 340 (1891); =Ward=, Horn Meas. (1) p. 95 (1892), (2) p. 139 (1896); =Jent.= Cat. Mamm. Leyd. Mus. (M. P.-B. xi.) p. 169 (1892); =Lyd.= Horns and Hoofs, p. 152 (1893).

Cerophorus (Antilope) cervicapra, =Blainv.= Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75.

Strepsiceros cervicapra, =Rüpp.= Verz. Senck. Mus. p. 39 (1842).

Antilope rupicapra, =Müll.= Natursyst. Supp. p. 56 (1776) (ex l’Antilope, =Buff.= Hist. Nat. xii. p. 273, pls. xxxv. & xxxvi. 1764).

Cemas strepsiceros, =Oken=, Lehrb. Nat. p. 732 (1816).

Antilope, =F. Cuv.= H. N. Mamm. (fol.) iii. livr. xliii. (♂) & xliv. (♀) (1824).

“Antilope bilineata, Linn. MS.,” =Gray & Hardw.= Ill. Ind. Zool., lettering to pl. xii. (1832) (juv.).

Cervicapra bezoartica, =Gray=, List Mamm. B. M. p. 159 (1843); =id.= Ann. Mag. N. H. (1) xviii. p. 231 (1846); =id.= Cat. Mamm. Nepal, Hodgson Coll. (1) p. 26 (1846), (2) p. 13 (1863); =id.= List Ost. B. M. p. 56 (1847); =id.= Knowsl. Men. p. 6 (1850); =Horsf.= Cat. Mamm. E. I. C. p. 167 (1851); =Gerr.= Cat. Bones Mamm. B. M. p. 234 (1862); =Fitz.= SB. Wien, lix. 1, p. 162 (1869).

Antilope bezoartica, =Gray=, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 117; =id.= Cat. Ung. B. M. p. 66 (1852); =Blyth=, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. p. 171 (1863); =Jerdon=, Mamm. Ind. p. 275 (1867); =Blanf.= J. A. S. B. xxxvi. pt. 2, p. 196 (1867); =Macmaster=, Notes on Jerdon, pp. 134 & 258 (1870); =Stol.= J. A. S. B. xli. pt. 2, p. 229 (1872); =Gray=, Cat. Rum. B. M. p. 40 (1872); =id.= Hand-l. Rum. B. M. p. 109 (1873); =Pollok=, Sport in Brit. Burmah, p. 50 (1879); =Sterndale=, Mamm. Ind. p. 472 (1884); =Percy=, Badminton Big Game Shooting, ii. p. 345 (1894).

VERNACULAR NAMES:--Ena ♂, Harina and Mirga, in Sanscrit; Haran, Harna ♂, Harni ♀, Kalwit ♀, Mrig, in Hindostani; Kala ♂, Goria ♀, in Tirhoot; Kalsar ♂, Baoti ♀, in Behar; Bureta in Bhagalpur; Barant or Sasin in Nepal; Alali ♂, Gandoli ♀, in Baori; Badu in Ho Kol; Bamani-haran in Uria and Mahratta; Phandayat in Mahratta; Kutsar in Korku; Veli-man in Tamil; Irri ♂, Ledi and Jinka in Telugu; Chigri and Húlé-kara in Canarese (Blanford).

Height of male at withers about 30 inches. General colour in the same sex brown, gradually darkening with age to deep shining black. Muzzle and chin, an area round the eyes, and the whole of ears white. Back of neck, especially in the black individuals, yellowish. Upper part of flanks with an indistinct narrow whitish line running along them, most conspicuous in the young. Chest, belly, and inner sides of limbs pure white; outer sides of the latter brown. Tail short, its upperside fawn or brown, beneath white; its end with an indistinct blackish tuft.

Female brownish fawn wherever the male is black, and with the colour-contrasts nowhere so conspicuous. Back of ears and nape of neck also fawn. Horns absent, except in abnormal cases (see p. 14).