Part 9

4. Tsi'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}u wacta'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}e, Tsi{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}u peacemaker, or Tan'wan{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a'xe, Village-maker, or, Ni'wa¢e, Giver of life. These have two subgentes, a, Wapin it'a'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}i, Touches-no-blood, or Qü¢a' {~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}ü'tse, Red-eagle (really a hawk); b, Qü¢a' pa san', Bald-eagle, or Oansan'u'ni{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H~}k'acin'a, Sycamore people, the leading gens on the left side of the circle.

5. Han i'ni{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H~}k'acin'a, Night people, or Tsi'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}u we'ha{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}i¢e, the Tsi{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}u-at-the-end, or Tse'¢añka'. Their two subgentes are: a, Night people proper; b, Wasa'*d*e, Black-bear people.

6. Tse {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}u'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a, Buffalo bull. In two subgentes, a, Tse {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}u'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a, Buffalo bull; b, ¢u'qe, Reddish-yellow buffalo (corresponding to the Nuqe of the Ponka, Tuqe of the Quapaw, and Yuqe of the Kansa).

7. {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}¢un, Thunder-being, or Tsi'hacin, Camp-last, or Ma'xe, Upper-world people, or Ni{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H~}'ka wakan'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}a{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}i, Mysterious-male-being. Subgentes not recorded.

On the right (Hañ{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a or Wa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}a{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}e) side of the circle are the following:

8. Wa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}a'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}e Wanun', Elder Osage, composed of six of the seven Osage fireplaces, as follows: a, Wa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}a'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}e ska', White Osage; b, Ke k'in', Turtle-carriers; c, Wake'¢e ste'tse, Tall-flags(?), Ehnan' min'tse tun', They-alone-have-bows, or Minke'¢e ste'tse, Tall-flags; d, Ta ¢a'xü, Deer-lights, or Ta i'ni{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H~}k'acin'a, Deer people; e, Hu i'niqk'acin'a, Fish people; f, Nan'panta, a deer gens, called by some Ke {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a'tsü, Turtle-with-a-serrated-crest-along-the-shell (probably a water monster, as there is no such species of turtle).

9. Hañ'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a uta'¢antsi, Hañ{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a-apart-from-the-rest, or Qü¢a'qtsi i'ni{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H~}-k'acin'a, Real eagle people--the War eagle gens, and one of the original Hañ{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a fireplaces. The soldiers or policemen from the right side are chosen from the eighth and ninth gentes.

10. The leading gens on the right side of the circle, and one of the original seven Osage fireplaces. Pan{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H~}'ka wacta'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}e, Ponka peace-maker, according to a Tsi{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}u man; in two subgentes, a, Tse'wa¢e, Pond-lily, and b, Waca'*d*e, Dark-buffalo; but according to Pan{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H~}'ka wa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}a'yin{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a, a member of the gens, his people have three subgentes, a, Wake'¢e, Flags; b, Wa'tsetsi, meaning, perhaps, Has-come hither (tsi)-after-touching-the-foe (watse); c, Quntse', Red cedar.

11. Hañ'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a a'hü tun', Hañ{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a-having-wings, or Hü'sa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}a, Limbs-stretched-stiff, or Qü¢ i'ni{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H~}k'acin'a, White-eagle people, in two subgentes, which were two of the original Hañ{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a fireplaces: a, Hü'sa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}a Wanun', Elder Hüsa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}a; b, Hü'sa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}a, those wearing four locks of hair resembling those worn by the second division of the Wasape tun.

12. Wasa'*d*e tun, Having-black-bears. In two parts, which were originally two of the Hañ{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a fireplaces: A, Sintsa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}¢se, Wearing-a-tail- (or lock)-of-hair-on-the-head; in two subgentes, (a) Wasa*d*e, Black bear, or Hañ'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a Wa'ts'ekawa' (meaning not learned); (b) Iñ{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}¢uñ'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a {~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}iu'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a, Small cat. B, Wasa'*d*e tun, Wearing-four-locks-of-hair, in two subgentes, (a) Minxa'ska, Swan; (b) Tse'wa¢e qe'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a, Dried pond-lily.

13. U'pqan, Elk, one of the seven Hañ{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a fireplaces.

14. Kan'se, Kansa, or I'*d*ats'e, Holds-a-firebrand-to-the-sacred-pipes-in-order-to-light-them, or A'k'a i'ni{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H~}ak'acin'a, South-wind people, or Tatse' i'ni{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H~}k'acin'a, Wind people, or Pe'tse i'ni{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H~}k'acin'a, Fire people. One of the seven Hañ{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a fireplaces.

The following social divisions cannot be identified: Oa'*d*e i'ni{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H~}k'acin'a, Beaver people, said to be a subgens of the Wa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}a{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}e, no gens specified; Pe'tqan i'ni{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H~}k'acin'a, Crane people, said to be a subgens of the Hañ{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a(?) sintsa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}¢e; Wapuñ'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a i'ni{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H~}k'acin'a, Owl people; Manyiñ'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a i'ni{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H~}k'acin'a, Earth people; *d*aqpü' i'ni{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H~}k'acin'a, meaning not recorded.

There is some uncertainty respecting the true positions of a few subgentes in the camping circle. For instance, Alvin Wood said that the Tsewa¢e qe{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a formed the fourth subgens of the Tse {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}u'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a intse; but this was denied by {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}ahi{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}e wa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}ayiñ{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a, of the Tsi'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}u wacta'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}e, who said that it belonged to the Pan{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H~}ka wacta{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}e prior to the extinction of the subgens. Tsepa {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}axe of the Wasape gens said that it formed the fourth subgens of his own people. Some make the Tsi{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}u wacta{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}e the third gens on the left, instead of the fourth. According to {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}ahi{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}e wa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}ayiñ{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a, "All the Wa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}a{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}e gentes claim to have come from the water, so they have ceremonies referring to beavers, because those animals swim in the water." The same authority said in 1883 that there were seven men who acted as wacta{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}e, as follows: 1, Ka{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H~}i{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}e wacta{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}e, of the Tsi{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}u wacta{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}e subgens, who had acted for eight years; 2, Pahü-ska, of the Bald-eagle or Qü¢a pa san subgens; 3, {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}¢eman, Clermont, of the ki*d*anan of the Tsi{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}u wehaki¢e or Night gens; 6, Pan{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H~}ka wa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}ayiñ{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a, Saucy Ponka, of the Wa'tsetsi or Ponka gens; 7, Ni{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H~}ka wa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}in tana, of the same gens.

On the death of the head chief among the Osage the leading men call a council. At this council four men are named as candidates for the office, and it is asked, "Which one shall be appointed?" At this council a cuka of the Watsetsi (Ponka gens, or else from some other gens on the right) carries his pipe around the circle of councilors from right to left, while a Tsi{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}u cuka (one of the Tsi{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}u wacta{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}e gens, or else one from some other gens on the left) carries the other pipe around from left to right. The ceremonies resemble the Ponka ceremonies for making chiefs. When the chiefs assemble in council a member of the Kanse or I*d*ats'e gens (one on the right) lights the pipes. The criers are chosen from the Kanse, Upqan, and Min k'in gentes. The Tsi{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}u Sintsa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}¢e and Tse {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}u{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a intse gentes furnish the soldiers or policemen for the Tsi{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}u wacta{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}e. A similar function is performed for the Pan{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H~}ka wacta{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}e by the Wa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}a{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}e wanun and Hañ{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a u{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}a¢antsi gentes. The Sintsa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}¢e and Hañ{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a u{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}a¢autsi are "aki{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}a watañ{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a," chiefs of the soldiers; the Tse{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}u{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a intse and Wa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}a{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}e Wanun being ordinary soldiers, i.e., subordinate to the others. The Wa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}a{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}e Ke k'in are the moccasin makers for the tribe. It is said that in the olden days the members of this gens used turtle shells instead of moccasins, with leeches for strings. The makers of the war-standards and war-pipes must belong to the Wa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}a{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}e ska.

Saucy Chief is the authority for the following: "Should all the Osage wish to dwell very near another tribe, or in case two or three families of us wish to remove to another part of the reservation, we let the others know our desire to live near them. We make up prizes for them--a pony, a blanket, strouding, etc--and we ask them to race for them. The fastest horse takes the first prize, and so on. We take along a pipe and some sticks--one stick for each member of the party that is removing. The other people meet us and race with us back to their home. They make us sit in a row; then one of their men or children brings a pipe to one of our party to whom he intends giving a horse. The pipe is handed to the rest of the party. The newcomers are invited to feasts, all of which they are obliged to attend." When the Osage go on the hunt the Tsi{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}u wacta{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}e (chief) tells the Sintsa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}¢e and Tse {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}u{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a intse where the people must camp. The following evening the Pan{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H~}ka wacta{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}e (chief) tells the soldiers on his side (the Wa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}a{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}e and Hañ{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a u{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}a¢antsi) where the camp must be on the following day. The members of the four gentes of soldiers or policemen meet in council and decide on the time for departure. They consult the Tsi{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}u wacta{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}e and Hañ{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a (Pan{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H~}ka wacta{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}e?) who attend the council. The crier is generally a man of either the Upqan or Kanse gens, but sometimes a Min k'in man acts. The four leaders of the soldier gentes call on the crier to proclaim the next camping place, etc, which he does thus:

"Ha+! | han'*d*a | {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}asin'|{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}an | awahe'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}ún | tatsi' | a'pin{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}au+! | Ha+! | (Ni{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}ü'tse | masin'ta)

Halloo! | day | tomorrow |on | you make up in packs | shall | they really say | Halloo! | Missouri river | on the other side

tci' | i'he¢a'e | ta'tsi | a'*d*intau+!"

tent {?} | you place in a line {?} | shall | they really say.

which is to say, "Halloo! tomorrow morning you shall pack your goods (strike camp). Halloo! you shall lay them down, after reaching (the other side of Missouri river)!"

Then the four leaders of the soldier gentes choose a'ki{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}a (policemen) who have a {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}u{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}an'hañ{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a or captain, who then acts as crier in giving orders, thus:

"Ha+! | ni'kawasa'e! | Ha+! | {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}ahi'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}e | wa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}a'yiñ{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a | ni'kawasa'e! | a'¢aki'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}a | tatsi'

Halloo! | O warrior! | Halloo, | Chief | Saucy! | O warrior! | you guard | shall

a*d*intau' | ni'kawasa'e!"

they say really | O warrior!

which means, "Halloo, O warrior! Halloo, O warrior, Saucy Chief! They have really said that you shall act as policeman or guard, O warrior!"

These a'ki{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}a have to punish any persons who violate the laws of the hunt. But there is another grade of men; the four leaders of the soldier gentes tell the captain to call certain men wa'pa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}¢a'{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}i utsin', and they are expected to punish any a'ki{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}a who fail to do their duty. Supposing Min k'in wa{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}ayiñ{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}a was selected, the crier would say: