Part 13

85(84) Spores (18)20-26 × 12-16µm, caudae of 2-several filaments covered with granules. Asci 512-spored. Perithecia up to 1mm high × 0.95mm diam., neck with rigid but non-agglutinated hairs up to 130µm long. Podospora granulostriata - Caudae simple, without granular appearance. Asci 128-spored. Perithecia not larger than 750µm high × 500µm diam., with rigid, non-agglutinated hairs up to 190µm long at neck. 86

86(85) Spores 17-19 × 10-12µm. Podospora setosa - Spores 19-24 × 11-16µm. Podospora tarvisina (See discussion in Lundqvist (1972) on these last three names)

87(83) Spores 24-34 × 14-19µm, caudae in two rings, one inserted at the base of the primary appendage, the other at the spore apex; individual filaments may be separate or clumped to appear as a broad single appendage (cf. P. decipiens/P. pleiospora). Perithecia ca 0.6-1.1mm high × 0.4-0.5mm diam., covered with flexuous hairs or rarely smooth. Podospora myriaspora - Spores 15-20 × 10-15µm, caudae small, simple and evanescent. Perithecia 0.4-0.5mm high, covered with long flexuous hairs. Podospora collapsa

88(47) Spores with primary appendage. 89 - Spores without primary appendage. 93

89(88) Spores with primary appendage directed towards base of ascus. 90 - Spores with primary appendage directed towards apex of ascus. (Anopodium) 91

90(89) Spores 34-45 × 19-25µm, without caudae but surrounded by a thin (ca 5µm) gelatinous sheath. Perithecia ca 0.5-0.7mm diam., ± smooth. Podospora globosa - Spores 17-20 × 8-9.5µm, flattened on one side, convex on the other. Perithecia 0.3-0.45µm diam., with distal cells of agglutinated hairs fimbriate. Podospora fimbriata

91(89) Perithecia hairy. Spores 27-32 × 16-19µm, appendage 15-18 × 2.5-3µm. Anopodium ampullaceum - Perithecia glabrous. 92

92(91) Spores 28-32 × 16-21µm, appendage 12-15 × 3-3.8µm. Anopodium epile - Spores 30-37 × 16-20µm, appendage 24-27 × 5µm. 'Podospora' dagobertii (fig. 28) (The combination in Anopodium has not been made; see Lundqvist, 1964, 1972)

93(88) Spores flattened, disc shaped, with a germ slit around the edge. Perithecial neck with short (up to 120µm) setae. (Coniochaeta, figs 30, 31) 94 - Spores ellipsoid. Perithecial neck without setae or with very prominent (up to 950µm) tufts of agglutinated hairs. 99

94(93) Asci with numerous (64-128) spores. 95 - Asci 8-spored. 96

95(94) Spores 6-10 × 5-9 × 4-7µm. Perithecial setae up to 120µm long. Coniochaeta hansenii (fig. 30) - Spores 13-16 × 9.5-13.5 × 5.5-8µm. Perithecial setae up to 35µm long. Coniochaeta sp.

96(94) Spores 7-9 × 6-8 × 5-6µm, slightly flattened. Coniochaeta leucoplaca - Spores larger. 97

97(96) Spores narrowly elliptical in face view (length more than 2 × width), ca 13-18 × 6-9 × 4-6µm. Coniochaeta saccardoi - Spores broadly elliptical to nearly circular in face view (length less than 2 × width). 98

98(97) Spores (9)10-16(20) × 7.5-10(15) × (4)5-8µm. Neck setae 20-50µm long. Coniochaeta ligniaria (figs 30, 31) - Spores (16)17-23 × (10)13-19 × 7.5-10(15)µm. Neck setae 40-80µm long. Coniochaeta scatigena (figs 30, 31)

99(93) Perithecial neck with prominent agglutinated tufts of rigid setae up to 950µm long. Spores 43-54 × 20-29µm, with apical germ pore. A gelatinous sheath which surrounds the whole spore swells in water, and appears fringed at the margin and radially striate. Arnium macrothecium - Perithecial neck without setae. Gelatinous sheaths may be clearly visible around spores, but are not complex in structure. 100

100(99) Spores with germ slit along the side. Ascus with a large and complex plug at the tip staining blue or red in KI (other genera have asci with blue staining ascus tips, but the feature is very pronounced in this genus and is unlikely to be mistaken). Perithecia form singly or severally in a stroma which is usually of limited extent, often without a definite margin. [N.B. if orange and with a stroma see Selinia, 119]. (Hypocopra, fig. 32) 101 - Spores without germ slits, but often asymmetrical, and with a small papilla at the basal end. Asci without complex apical plug. (Sordaria, fig. 33) 107

101(100) Spores mostly less than 25µm long. 102 - Spores more than 25µm long. 104

102(101) Spores 9-14 × 6-7µm. Hypocopra parvula - Spores larger. 103

103(102) Stroma with a brown hyphal mat between perithecial necks. Spores 19-27 × 10-14µm. Hypocopra equorum (fig. 32) - Stroma with white hyphae between black perithecial necks, becoming smooth. Spores 23-25 × 12-14µm. Hypocopra brefeldii

104(101) Ascospores up to 15µm wide. 105 - Ascospores 15µm or wider. 106

105(104) Ascospores 25-31 × 10-15µm, distinctly flattened on one side. Ascus plug blue in KI, but becoming reddish. Hypocopra planispora - Ascospores 26-32 × 13-14µm, ellipsoid and narrowed towards their ends. Hypocopra stephanophora

106(104) Ascospores 27-43 × 16-20µm. Hypocopra merdaria - Ascospores 38-50 × 19-24µm. Hypocopra stercoraria

107(100) Spores up to 10µm long. 108 - Spores 10µm or longer. 109

108(107) Asci 8-spored. Spores 8 × 4µm. Sordaria minima - Asci ca 128-spored. Spores 5-8 × 4-5µm. Sordaria polyspora

109(107) Spores relatively narrow, at least twice as long as wide, 22-26 × 9-12µm. Gelatinous sheath broad, distinct. Sordaria alcina - Spores relatively broad, less than twice as long as wide. 110

110(109) Spores mostly 25µm or longer. 111 - Spores up to 25µm long. 112

111(110) Spores (21)23-29(30) × 14.5-17(18)µm, with apiculate base. Gelatinous sheath broad, distinct. Asci 240-300 × 20-24µm. Sordaria superba - Spores (26)28-35 × (17)18-22µm, with slightly apiculate base. Gelatinous sheath broad, distinct. Asci 280-350 × 30-35µm. Sordaria macrospora

112(110) Spores with gelatinous sheath absent or very thin, 19.5-25 × 15.5-19µm. Sordaria humana (fig. 33) - Spores with gelatinous sheath, up to 15µm diam. 113