Part 14

113(112) Spores obovoid to broadly ellipsoid, 18-23 × 12-15µm. Sordaria lappae - Spores ellipsoid, 17-25 × 10-14µm. Sordaria fimicola (fig. 33)

114(3) Spores 20-28 × 12-16µm, with subacute ends, each with a germ pore. Gelasinospora adjuncta - Spores larger. 115

115(114) Asci 4-spored. Spores 24-29 × 15-18µm, with rounded ends and one germ pore. Gelasinospora tetrasperma - Asci 8-spored. Spores 26-3 Gelasinospora cerealis

116(4) Perithecia orange to golden, often gregarious, almost spherical, necks ca 50µm diam., 15µm high, setae at ostiole hyaline, up to 35 × 3µm. Spores limoniform, with a germ pore at each end, 15-25 × 9-16µm. Sphaerodes fimicola (fig. 33) - Perithecia yellow or reddish brown (darker when filled with mature spores), neck 50µm long, with setae at the ostiole 40-70µm long. Spores dark brown to black, limoniform, 20-34 × 11-17µm, with apical germ pore. Melanospora brevirostris

117(2) Asci more than 8-spored. see Key 1 at 86 - Asci with 8 or fewer spores, or asci evanescent, not readily observed. 118

118(117) Perithecia orange/yellow, 500-1000µm diam. Spores long (over 45µm) or 2-celled if shorter. 119 - Perithecia smaller, or black or with a neck. Spores shorter (less than 20µm) or septate if longer. 120

119(118) Perithecia orange, 500-1000µm diam., in small groups on a limited stroma. Spores thick walled, 48-60 × 22-26µm, with a gelatinous sheath. Selinia pulchra - Perithecia orange yellow, superficial, ca 500µm diam., with ostiole in a disc surrounded by silvery triangular tufts of hyphae ca 100µm long. Spores ellipsoid, 1-septate, 12-14 × 4-5µm. Nectria suffulta

120(118) Perithecia reddish brown or pale, hyaline, with a distinct neck. 121 - Perithecia black. 131

121(120) Perithecia globose, up to 250µm diam., immersed, reddish brown, with a neck 1-3 mm long. Asci broad ellipsoid, 5-8.5µm, rapidly breaking down and difficult to see. Spores ellipsoid-allantoid. 5.5-7 × 1.5-2µm, collecting in a pearly droplet at the fringed tip of the perithecial beak. Viennotidia fimicola (fig. 34) - Perithecia pyriform, very pale in colour, 60-200µm diam., with a neck 60-700µm long. Asci rarely visible. Spores pointed-fusiform, 1-3 septate, often with a sheath and clumped together in fascicles. (Pyxidiophora, fig. 36) 122

122(121) Neck 95-145µm long, brown, rugose, with cells arranged in 5-6 longitudinal rows visible in one view. Spores 38-52µm long. Pyxidiophora badiorostris - Neck not brown or rugose, composed of hyaline, irregularly arranged cylindrical cells. 123

123(122) Spores less than 45µm long. 124 - Spores more than 45µm long. 125

124(123) Spores 35-45µm long, with brown apical or subapical patches of pigment. Pyxidiophora brunneocapitatus - Spores 35-43µm long, without brown apical or subapical patches of pigment. Pyxidiophora microsporus

125(123) Spores mostly 45-60µm long. 126 - Spores mostly longer than 60µm. 129

126(125) Perithecia 70-100µm diam., neck 100-190µm long. Spores (43)48-58(65)µm long. Pyxidiophora grovei - Perithecia usually less than 80µm diam. 127

127(126) Perithecial necks mostly less than 100µm long. Spores (45)48-57(60)µm long. Pyxidiophora arvernensis - Perithecial necks up to 200µm long. 128

128(127) Spores 45-53µm long. Pyxidiophora petchii (fig. 36) - Spores 53-65µm long. Pyxidiophora schotterianus

129(125) Spores 60-70µm long. 130 - Spores (75)80-90(100)µm. Perithecia 120-160µm diam., neck 220-370µm long. Pyxidiophora bainemensis

130(129) Perithecial necks 300-700µm long. Spores 60-70µm. Perithecia 100-120µm diam. Pyxidiophora spinuliformis - Perithecial necks 225-265µm long. Spores 65-70µm. Perithecia 110-125µm diam. Pyxidiophora marchalii

131(120) Perithecia small, up to 400µm diam., with hairy necks. Spores hyaline or pale, coppery-red en masse, extruded in tendrils. 132 - Perithecia larger, without hairy necks. If smaller than 200µm, with spores smaller than 5 × 3µm. 134

132(131) Spores reniform, with gelatinous sheath, 3.5 × 2-3µm, yellow, reddish brown en masse in extruded tendrils. Asci spherical, evanescent. Perithecia black, spherical, 200-400µm diam., with cylindrical neck up to 300µm long, with sparse pointed hairs. Microascus longirostris - Spores larger, not reniform. Perithecia up to 300µm diam. 133

133(132) Perithecial necks long, up to 750µm, with terminal hairs up to 1500µm, curved or circinate at tips. Spores limoniform, 7-10.5 × 5.5-7µm. Lophotrichus ampullus - Perithecial necks short, ca 50µm, with long straight tapering hairs. Spore shape limoniform/variable, 6-7.5 × 5-5.5µm, with prominent germ pores. Lophotrichus bartletti

134(131) Perithecia up to 150µm diam., immersed but for a conical neck 50-75µm high. Asci 50 × 2-2.5µm. Spores minute, cylindrical, 3.5-4.5 × 1.75-2.5µm. Phomatospora coprophila (fig. 35) - Perithecia more obvious, often hairy, or tomentose when young. Immature spores up to 70µm long, wavy cylindrical, with a row of globules inside and a short thin appendage at each end. (see Cercophora, 49)

135(1) Perithecia immersed, surrounded at the neck by a very limited flange-like stroma which is easily overlooked. see Hypocopra, 101 or if orange see Selinia, 119 - Stroma very conspicuous. 136

136(135) Perithecia in a subglobose group at the tip of the stromatic stalk. Spores with germ slit and gelatinous sheath. (Podosordaria) 137 - Perithecia not in a terminal head. 139

137(136) Stalk short, 3-5mm. Spores (12)14-19 × 6-9µm, slightly flattened on one side. Podosordaria leporina - Stalk long, 1-6cm. Spores larger. 138

138(137) Spores 21-24 × 11-12µm. Stromatic stalk hairy. Podosordaria tulasnei - Spores 40-60 × 20-30µm. Stromatic stalk not hairy. Podosordaria pedunculata

139(136) Stroma externally black, rooted or partially immersed in the dung, expanding at the surface to form a white disc up to 15mm diam., punctate with black perithecial ostioles. (Poronia) 140 - Stroma not as above. 141

140(139) Spores 18-26 × 7-12µm, bean shaped, with gelatinous sheath. Stroma deeply rooted. Especially on horse dung. Poronia punctata - Spores (22)25-32(35) × (12)14-18µm, oblong ellipsoid to slightly fusiform. Stroma not deeply rooted. Especially on rabbit dung near the sea. Poronia erici