Part 12

57(55) Perithecia covered with a dense tomentum of septate flexuous hairs. Spores mostly longer than 45µm. Only occasionally fimicolous. 58 - Perithecia without a tomentum. Spores up to 45µm. 59

58(57) Spores (40)45-54 × 25-35µm, uniseriate. Tomentum pale or grayish. Arnium olerum - Spores 47-70 x 20-30µm, biseriate above. Tomentum olivaceous brown. Arnium tomentosum

59(57) Spores somewhat inequilateral, rounded below, pointed above, 31-40 × 18-24µm, caudae 50-120 × 6-10µm, with 1 apical germ pore not covered by cauda. Arnium caballinum - Spores equilateral, 36-44 × 20-23µm, caudae 50-80 × 6-8µm, covering germ pores. Arnium mendax

60(51) Perithecia with scales at the neck, composed of inflated and agglutinated cells (fig. 27, S. conicum). (Schizothecium) 61 - Perithecia setose or hairy at the neck, but not with inflated cells, or neck black but almost hairless. (Podospora) 70

61(60) Asci 4-spored. 62 - Asci 8-spored. 63

62(61) Spores 11-14.5 × 6.5-9µm. Schizothecium nanum (fig. 28) - Spores 19-24 × 12-14.5µm. Schizothecium tetrasporum

63(61) Spores more than 30µm long. 64 - Spores less than 30µm long. 65

64(63) Perithecia crowned with a fascicle of long agglutinated hairs at the neck, up to 335µm long. Spores 31-40 × 15-25µm, biseriate. Schizothecium aloides - Perithecia with shorter, less remarkable tufts. Spores 30-45 × 19-24µm, ± uniseriate. Schizothecium glutinans

65(63) Perithecial neck with rigid setae, as well as agglutinated hairs (which may be greatly reduced). Asci 140-210 × 19-25µm, broadest at the markedly rounded apex. Spores 18-23 × 11-14µm. Schizothecium pilosum - Perithecial neck without rigid setae. Asci broadest in the middle. 66

66(65) Spores mostly over 23µm long. 67 - Spores up to 23µm long. 69

67(66) Spores 22-25(27) × 11-13µm. Scales at neck distinct. Schizothecium hispidulum - Spores wider, 12-19µm 68

68(67) Perithecia 0.5-1mm high, scales at neck usually well developed. Spores (23)26-30 × 12-17µm. Schizothecium conicum (fig. 27) - Perithecia 1-2mm diam., subpyriform, neck velvety with indistinct scales. Spores 24-28 × 15-19µm. Schizothecium squamulosum

69(66) Spores 17-23 × 8.5-13.5µm, primary appendage slender cylindrical, 6-8 × 2µm. Perithecia 0.25-0.7mm high, sometimes with poorly developed scales. Schizothecium vesticola (fig. 28) - Spores 11-14 × 6-8µm, primary appendage short, 2µm long, almost triangular. Perithecia 0.3-0.45mm high, with short agglutinated hairs. Schizothecium cervinum

70(60) Asci 4-spored. Spores 35-40 × 18-19µm. Podospora pauciseta - Asci with more than 4 spores. 71

71(70) Asci 8-spored. 72 - Asci with more than 8 spores. 82

72(71) Spores more than 45µm long. 73 - Spores less than 45µm long. 74

73(72) Spores 48-60 × 27-31µm, caudae apparently striate. Perithecia superficial, covered with rigid, nonagglutinated hairs up to 120µm. Podospora fimiseda - Spores 50-68 × 22-32µm, caudae apparently segmented, with an intestine-like appearance. Perithecia immersed to superficial, with a long neck, tomentose with long flexuous hairs when young, more or less glabrous when mature. Podospora intestinacea

74(72) Perithecia superficial, ovoid to globose, covered with short (up to 100µm), sparse, radiating, hyaline tipped, hairs. Spores 24-31 × 11-15µm, with simple caudae. Podospora appendiculata (figs 27, 28) - Perithecia with base immersed in substrate, pyriform, without such hairs. 75

75(74) Perithecial neck with short tubercular hairs, up to 20µm long. Spores 32-42 × 17-22µm, with a long but withering primary appendage. Caudae in two rings, one inserted near the base of the primary appendage, the other at the spore apex. The individual filaments may be free, but often clump together to form an apparently broad appendage. Podospora decipiens (figs 27, 28) - Perithecial hairs longer. Caudae single or 4 at each end. 76

76(75) Spores with 4 caudae at each end. 77 - Spores with a single cauda at each end. 78

77(76) Spores 40-45 × 22-25µm. Podospora gwynne-vaughaniae - Spores 29-40 × 16-25µm. Podospora communis

78(76) Spores less than 30 × 15µm. 79 - Spores larger than 30 × 15µm. 80

79(78) Spores 21-28 × 11-14µm, primary appendage 12-14 × 4µm. Perithecia 0.3-0.5mm diam., neck setose with rigid cylindrical hairs. Asci 200-250 × 22-26µm, broadest in the middle. Podospora ellisiana - Spores 18-23 × 11-14µm, primary appendage 4-8 × 3µm. Perithecia 0.2-0.3mm diam., neck setose with rigid hairs. Asci 140-210 × 19-25µm, broadest at the markedly rounded apex. Schizothecium pilosum

80(78) Perithecia ca O.9-1.4mm high × 0.6-0.7(0.85)mm diam., neck not hairy. Spores (29)36-45 × (17.5)22-27µm, caudae ephemeral and difficult to see, even in Indian ink. Podospora pyriformis - Perithecial neck with tufts of rigid hairs. 81

81(80) Perithecia 0.38-0.53mm high × 0.21-0.38mm diam., ± immersed, with hairs at the neck up to 335µm long, grouped in rigid fascicles. Spores slightly flattened on one side, 30-37 × 18-24µm, caudae invisible in water. Podospora excentrica (figs 27, 28) - Perithecia ca 0.8-1.4mm high × 0.4-0.7mm diam., semi-immersed, hairy all over, flexuous below, rigid and pointed at the neck up to 170µm. Spores 33-45 × 22-27µm. Podospora perplexens

82(71) Asci 16-32-spored. Perithecial neck with short tubercular hairs. Spores 25-36 × 15-24µm. Caudae in two rings, one inserted at the base of the primary appendage, the other at the spore apex; individual filaments may be separate or clumped to appear as a broad single appendage (cf. P. decipiens). Podospora pleiospora - Asci with more than 32 spores. 83

83(82) Perithecia with tufts of rigid hairs at neck. Asci with more than 64 spores. 84 - Perithecia without tufts of rigid hairs. Asci 64-spored. 87

84(83) Spores 14-17 × 9-11µm. Asci 256-spored. Perithecia ca 500µm diam., immersed, except for the neck, which has tapered tufts of hairs up to 300µm. Podospora curvicolla - Spores larger. Perithecia semi-immersed. 85