Part 11

29(6) Spores obviously 2-celled at maturity. 30 - Spores 1-celled, or appearing 1-celled at maturity. (Those of Podospora, Schizothecium etc. are 2-celled in early stages of their development, but only one cell matures to become pigmented; the other remains hyaline, often collapses, and may be difficult to see). 47

30(29) Spores 23-28 × 13-17µm, upper cell dark, 15-19µm, with close, blunt spines giving the impression of a pitted spore surface, with apical germ pore, the lower cell hyaline, 6-8.5µm, smoky-brown. Asci unitunicate, 4-spored. Perithecia 400µm diam. Apiosordaria verruculosa (fig. 24) - Both cells of spore similar in shape, size and colour. 31

31(30) Asci unitunicate. Spores with a 'gelatinous' appendage at each end. Perithecial neck with setae. 32 - Asci bitunicate. Spores without gelatinous appendages, although a sheath may be present. 33

32(31) Spores 38-48 × 11-14µm, appendages longitudinally fibrillate. Zygospermella striata - Spores 46-68 × 11-17µm, appendages hollow, not fibrillate. Zygospermella insignis (fig. 25)

33(31) Spores with each end truncated by a germ pore. Pseudothecia with dark bristles at neck. (Trichodelitschia) 34 - Spores with rounded ends and germ slits along the sides. Pseudothecial neck smooth or hairy, but without setae. (Delitschia, fig. 26) 36

34(33) Spores 28-34 × 9-12µm. Trichodelitschia aedelphica - Spores smaller. 35

35(34) Spores 20-27.5 × 8-11µm. Trichodelitschia bisporula (figs 22, 23) - Spores 18-21 × 6-7µm. Trichodelitschia munkii

36(33) Asci ca 256-spored. Spores 14-15 × 6-8µm. Delitschia myriaspora - Asci 8-spored. 37

37(36) Spores less than 20µm long. 38 - Spores more than 20µm long. 41

38(37) Spores 8-11 × 3-5µm. Delitschia perpusilla - Spores 10-20µm long. 39

39(38) Spores 10-14 × 5-6µm. Delitschia marchalii - Spores longer. 40

40(39) Spores 14-18 × 6-10µm, uniseriate. Asci 70-90 × 7-16µm. Delitschia niesslii - Spores (16)18-20(22.5) × 6-7.5µm, biseriate. Asci 80-145 × 20-25µm. Delitschia consociata (fig. 26)

41(37) Spores mostly wider than 20µm. 42 - Spores mostly less than 20µm wide. 43

42(41) Spores 50-64 × 19-23µm. Delitschia furfuracea - Spores 50-70 × 25-33µm. Delitschia winteri (fig. 26)

43(41) Spores 20-25 × 4.5-6µm, the cells slightly tapered and almost completely separated. Pseudothecia hairless, globose, ca 200µm diam. Delitschia leptospora (fig. 26) - Spores longer and wider. 44

44(43) Spores transversely septate. 45 - Spores obliquely septate, deeply constricted at the septum, 35-50 × 15-18µm. Delitschia didyma

45(44) Pseudothecia hairy. Spores 37-50 × 17-20µm, not deeply constricted at the septum. Delitschia chaetomioides - Pseudothecia smooth. 46

46(45) Spores biseriate, 45-55 × 13-16µm, one cell usually larger than the other, deeply constricted at the septum and readily separating. Delitschia canina - Spores uniseriate, 40-55 × 16-21µm, both cells equal. Delitschia patagonica

47(29) Spores with colourless 'gelatinous' secondary appendages (caudae, fig. 28) at one or both ends (not always easy to see; mounting in Indian ink is useful, and essential for some). A hyaline (empty) cell, the primary appendage (fig. 28), may also be present. 48 - Spores without caudae, although a colourless gelatinous sheath may be present. Primary appendages present or absent. 88

48(47) Perithecia often hairy or tomentose when young. Immature spores long, wavy cylindrical, with a row of globules, and more likely to be seen than mature spores (fig. 29). Secondary appendages thin, simple, up to 60 × 3µm. Mature spores with a dark cell 14-25 × 7-13µm and pedicel (primary appendage) 25-50 × 3-6µm. (Cercophora) 49 - Perithecia often with scales or setae at the neck or tomentose. Caudae, simple or compound. Immature spores clavate or ellipsoid, not long, wavy cylindrical. Mature spores readily observed. 51

49(48) Immature spores 45-70 × 4-6µm. 50 - Immature spores smaller, 38-52 × 3-3.5µm. Mature spores with upper (dark) cell 14-18 × 7-9µm; hyaline pedicel 27-36 × 3-3.5µm. Cercophora silvatica

50(49) Perithecia with white or grey tomentum. Young spores 45-65 × 4.5-6µm. Mature spores with upper cell 17-25 × 8.5-13µm and pedicel 30-50µm long. Cercophora coprophila (fig. 29) - Perithecia with flexuose brown hairs and, at the neck, tufts of agglutinated, swollen, obtuse hairs. Young spores 52-68 × 4-5µm. Mature spores with upper cell 15-25 × 9-11µm and pedicel 35-45µm long. Cercophora mirabilis

51(48) Primary appendage absent. (Arnium, fig. 28) 52 - Primary appendage present. 60

52(51) Asci (64-)128-spored. Spores 18-26 × (10)12-15µm. Perithecial neck sometimes with rigid, brown, septate hairs up to 330µm. Arnium leporinum - Asci 4- or 8-spored. 53

53(52) Asci 4-spored. 54 - Asci 8-spored. 55

54(53) Spores ellipsoid, sometimes inequilaterally flattened, 44-54 × 22-30µm, with 1 apical germ pore, caudae not swelling in water. Perithecium usually with lateral tufts of agglutinated hairs up to 550µm long. Arnium arizonense - Spores evenly ellipsoid-fusiform, 31-55 × 18-25µm, with germ pore at each end, caudae covering germ pores, 35-60 × 7-11µm, but rupturing and swelling to up to 130 × 50µm, and becoming diffuse and irregular. Perithecial neck covered with rigid hairs up to 190 × 2.5µm. Arnium hirtum

55(53) Perithecial neck distinctly setose with rigid hairs. 56 - Perithecial neck without setae. 57

56(55) Spores evenly ellipsoid-fusiform, 31-55 × 18-25µm, with germ pore at each end, caudae covering germ pores, 35-60 × 7-11µm, but rupturing and swelling up to 130 × 50µm, and becoming diffuse and irregular. Perithecial neck covered with rigid hairs up to 190 × 2.5µm. Arnium hirtum - Spores slightly inequilateral, 35-43 × 17-23µm, caudae 50-75 × 5-8µm, not covering germ pores. Perithecial neck with brown hairs up to 250µm long. Arnium cervinum