History of the United States, Volume 6

Chapter Ii. Roosevelt's First Administration

His Fine Equipment for the Office of President.

A Remarkable Cabinet.

Mr. Root's Work for Cuba and the Philippines.

For the Army.

The Diplomacy of John Hay.

Department of Commerce and Labor Created.

The Panama Canal Achievement.

Recognition of Panama.

The Galveston Flood.

Plan of City Government.

Cuba an Independent Republic.

The Philippines under United States Rule.

The Baltimore Fire.

The St. Louis Exposition.

Chapter Iii. Presidential Election of 1904

President Roosevelt Renominated.

Nominations of the Democratic Convention.

Of the Conventions of the Populist, Socialist and Prohibitionist Parties.

Character of the Campaign.

Charges Made against the Republicans.

President Roosevelt's Reply to Judge Parker's Statements.

Results of the Election.

Chapter Iv. America and the Chinese Open Door

Aggressive Policy of President Roosevelt.

Secretary Hay Continued in Office.

William H. Taft Made Secretary of War.

Trade of America and European Nations with China.

Secretary Hay's Request for Equal Trade Rights in China for All Nations.

The Boxer Rebellion.

Portion of China's Indemnity Cancelled by Congress.

Chinese Students in America.

Russia's Influence in China.

New Commercial Treaty between United States and China.

Opening of Manchurian Ports to All Nations.

Secretary Hay and Chinese Neutrality during the Russo-Japanese War.

Effects of too Strict Interpretation of Chinese Exclusion Act.

President Roosevelt's Instructions to Immigration Officials.

Chapter V. International Arbitration.

Progress Made in Settlement of International Difficulties by Arbitration.

First Meeting of the Hague Peace Conference.

Work of the Conference.

Chief Features of a Permanent International Court of Arbitration.

Advantages of Such Court.

Convened for the First Time in 1901.

The Pious Fund Case.

The Venezuela Case.

Mr. Carnegie's Gift for a "Palace of Peace."

The Building.

Peace Congresses Held in the United States in 1904.

Resolutions Adopted.

The Nations Invited by President Roosevelt to a Second Hague Conference.

Work of Second Conference.

Number of Treaties Concluded between the Nations.

Chapter Vi. the United States and Latin-America

Interest in South American Republics.

Meeting of Pan-American Congress in Washington.

In City of Mexico.

Comparison of Foreign Commerce of South American States with European Countries and with the United States.

Progress of South American States.

The Third Pan-American Congress, at Rio Janeiro Bureau of Pan-American Republics Founded.

New Interpretation of the Monroe Doctrine.

The Santo Domingo Situation.

Its Adjustment by President Roosevelt.

Chapter Vii. Conservation of Natural Resources

Waste of Nation's Resources.

Establishment of a Division of Forestry.

Mariposa Forest Reservation.

Preservation of Niagara Falls.

Inland Waterways Commission Appointed by President Roosevelt.

Conference on Conservation Held at the White House.

Resolutions Adopted.

First National Conservation Commission.

The National Conservation Association Formed.

First North American Conservation Congress, called by President Roosevelt.

Irrigation and the Reclamation Act.

The Roosevelt Dam.

The Shoshone Dam.

The Truckee-Carson Canal.

Proceeds from Sales of Public Lands.

Reclamation of the Swamp Lands.

The Mississippi Basin.

The Lakes to the Gulf Deep Waterways Association.

Projects Submitted by the Inland Waterways Commission.

Appropriation for Enlargement of Erie Canal.

Chapter Viii. Development of the New South

Splendid Natural Gifts of the South.

Its Water Power Facilities.

Wealth of Minerals and Forests, Coal and Iron.

Waste of Forest Lands.

Wonderful Economic Advancement.

Mr. Rockefeller's Gift.

Cotton Production.

Improved Methods of Agriculture.

Roads.

Methods of Financing the Plantation System.

Cultivation of Hay and Corn.

Stock-Raising.

The New Social Life.

Bright Prospect for the Future.

Chapter Ix. President Roosevelt's Second Administration

Exposition at Portland, Oregon, Commemorating Lewis and Clark Expedition.

Interstate Commerce Commission.

Provisions of Interstate Commerce Laws.

Pure Food and Drugs Law.

Investigation of Meat-Packing Methods.

The Earthquake in San Francisco.

Relief Fund.

Rebuilding of the City.

Chapter X. the Financial Panic of 1907

Popular Explanations of Its Cause.

The Real Causes.

Insolvency of Knickerbocker Trust Company.

Lack of Confidence in Financial Institutions.

Aid from the United States Treasury's Surplus Fund.

Enormous Amounts Paid Out to Depositors.

Radical Steps Taken by Bankers.

"Emergency Currency" Issued.

Strengthening of the New York Stock Exchange.

Gold from Foreign Countries.

Sale of Panama Bonds and Notes.

Confidence Restored.

Discussions Concerning Financial System.

The Aldrich-Vreeland Act.

Chapter Xi. Immigration and Emigration

Great Increase in Immigration.

Change in Its Character.

Gain in Percentage from Southern Europe over that from Northern Europe.

Reasons Why These Foreigners Emigrate to America.

The Immigration Act of 1907.

And Its Effect.

The Emigration of Italians.

Slavs in the United States.

The Jews.

The Question of Oriental Immigration.

Dangers of Increasing Immigration.

Foreign Colonies in Chicago and Other Cities.

Increase in Criminality.

The Chief Problem.

Emigration of United States Farmers to Canada.

Chapter Xii. Notable Supreme Court Decisions

The Northern Securities Company Case.

The Alonzo Bailey Case.

Case of Loewe vs. Lawler, or the Danbury Hatters Case.

The Standard Oil Case.

The Case of the American Tobacco Company.

Chapter Xiii. President Roosevelt's Second Administration, Continued

President Roosevelt's Advocacy of a Larger and More Efficient Navy.

Rear-Admiral Evans's Effective Work.

Cruise of the Atlantic Fleet.

Unusual Honors Tendered by Brazil and Other Countries Visited by the Fleet.

Purchase and Settlement of Oklahoma Territory.

Indian System of Government.

Oklahoma and Indian Territory Admitted to the Union.

Exclusion of Japanese Students in San Francisco and President Roosevelt's Prompt Action.

Child-Labor in the United States.

The Beveridge-Parsons Bill.

New Uses of Electricity.

Wireless Telegraphy, Air-Ships and Submarine Boats.

Business and Political Reforms.

Advances in Educational Work.

Notable Gifts of Mr. Carnegie and Mr. Rockefeller.

Chapter Xiv. the Presidential Campaign of 1908

The Republican Convention.

William H. Taft Nominated for President.

Other Candidates for Nomination.

James S. Sherman Nominated for Vice-President.

The Democratic Convention.

And Its Nominations.

Platforms of Both Parties.

The Socialist Convention and Platform.

Convention of the Prohibition Party and Its Platform.

Lack of Campaign "Issues."

Personal Fitness of the Candidates.

Fear of the Power of Great Corporations.

Efficiency of President Roosevelt's Administration.

Results of the Election.

Chapter Xv. the Administration of President Taft

Inauguration of President Taft.

His Cabinet.

Increase of Salaries of Principal Executive Officers.

Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition.

Alaskan Products.

Hudson-Fulton Celebration.

Arctic Exploration.

Commander Peary's Expedition.

Dr. Cook's Claims.

State Constitutions of Arizona and New Mexico Formed.

President Taft's Disapproval of Them.

New Mexico Admitted to the Union.

Population and Products of Arizona.

Of New Mexico.

The Aeroplane.

Tests and Records Made by Aviators.

The Federal Publicity Law.

President Taft's Recommendation Concerning Classified Service.

His Advance Position on International Arbitration.

Chapter Xvi. the Thirteenth Census, 1910

Permanent Census Bureau Established.

Work of the Enumerators.

Special Attention Given to Character of Questions.

Enormous Labor of Tabulation and Classification.

Cost of Census.

Population of United States and Territorial Possessions.

Comparisons of Population with That of Previous Decade.

Rapid Growth of Cities.

Westward Advance of Centre of Population.

Emigration to Canada.

Congressional Reapportionment.

Farms of the United States.

Value of Foreign Commerce.

Of Exports.

Chapter Xvii. the Progressive Movement

Government by the People.

Attitude Toward Senator La Follette, the First Progressive.

Number of Progressives in Senate.

Laws Annulled by Courts.

National Progressive Republican League Formed.

Its Platform.

The "Initiative."

The "Referendum."

The "Recall."

Tariff Revision.

The Payne-Aldrich Bill Passed.

Criticism of the Cotton Schedule.

Of the Wool Schedule.

The "Maximum and Minimum" Clause.

Democratic Revision of the Tariff.

Farmers' Free List Bill.

Reciprocity with Canada.

President Taft and the Progressive Movement.

APPENDIX:

I. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

II. ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

III. THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

IV. PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES

V. STATES ADMITTED INTO THE UNION

VI. AREA OF THE UNITED STATES

VII. POPULATION OF CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES BY DECADES, 1790--1910

VIII. APPROXIMATE POPULATION UNDER THE AMERICAN FLAG, 1910.

IX. POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, 1910, 1900, 1890

X. NUMBER OF MEMBERS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AFTER EACH APPORTIONMENT

XI. POPULATION LIVING IN URBAN AND RURAL TERRITORY 1890-1900.

XII. TWENTY-FIVE LARGEST CITIES FROM 1880 to 1910.

INDEX

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

THEODORE ROOSEVELT AT HIS DESK IN THE EXECUTIVE OFFICES OF THE WHITE HOUSE DURING HIS TERM AS PRESIDENT. (Copyright, 1907, Clinedinst, Washington).

THEODORE ROOSEVELT. (From a copyrighted photograph by Pach Bros., New York).

THEODORE ROOSEVELT, AS LIEUT.-COLONEL OF THE "ROUGH RIDERS."

COLLIS P. HUNTINGTON.

JAMES J. HILL. (Copyright, 1902, by Pach Bros., N. Y.).

E. H. HARRIMAN.

JOHN W. GATES.

ANDREW CARNEGIE. (Copyright, 1902, by Rockwood, N. Y.).

J. PIERPONT MORGAN. (Copyright, 1901, by Pach Bros., N. Y.).

COL. CLEMENTS. GEN. GOBIN COMMANDING TROOPS SENT TO SHENANDOAH IN THE COAL STRIKE OF 1902.

COAL STRIKE AT SHENANDOAH, PA., 1902. A STRIKERS' PICKET.

THE COAL STRIKE ARBITRATORS CHOSEN BY THE PRESIDENT. (Copyright, 1902, by George Grantham Bain).

JOHN HAY, SECRETARY OF STATE. (Copyright, 1904, by Pach Bros., N. Y.).

ELIHU ROOT, SECRETARY OF WAR. (Copyright, 1903, by Clinedinst, Washington).

GEORGE B. CORTELYOU, SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR. (Photograph by Rice).

THE ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION, TAKEN MARCH 22,1904.

THE AMERICAN ISTHMUS, SHOWING ROUTES INVESTIGATED FOR A SHIP-CANAL.

M. BUNAU-VARILLA, MINISTER FROM PANAMA. (Photograph by Clinedinst).

GREAT HEAPS OF WRECKAGE PILED HIGH BY THE GALVESTON DISASTER. (Copyright, 1900, by Underwood & Underwood, N. Y.).

THE BOULEVARD AND SEA-WALL, GALVESTON. BUILT AFTER THE FLOOD. (Photograph by H. H. Morris).

TOMASO ESTRADA Y PALMA, FIRST PRESIDENT OF CUBA, IN THE PALACE, HAVANA. (Copyright, 1902, by Underwood & Underwood, N. Y.).

LOWERING THE STARS AND STRIPES ON THE PALACE, MAY 20, 1902, FOR THE FLAG OF THE CUBAN REPUBLIC. (Copyright, 1901, by Underwood & Underwood).

GOV. WILLIAM H. TAFT.

THE BALTIMORE FIRE. (Lombard and Calvert Streets, showing Continental and Equitable Buildings).

THE BALTIMORE FIRE. (Hopkins Place and German Street, looking east).

OPENING DAY AT THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION. PRESIDENT D. K. FRANCIS DELIVERING THE OPENING ADDRESS. (Copyright, 1904, by William H. Rau, Philadelphia).

THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION. THE VARIED INDUSTRIES BUILDING.

CHARLES W. FAIRBANKS, VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.

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