Part 13

Skyscraper developed by Louis Henry Sullivan, Irish-French-German ... Fanueil Hall, Boston, designed by John Smibert, Scot ... Vieux Carrè, New Orleans, laid out by Adrien de Pauger, French ... foremost architect in stone was Henry Richardson, English ... Frank Lloyd Wright, Welsh, harmonized buildings with surroundings ... St. Patrick’s Cathedral, New York City, built by Joseph Zvak, Czech ... prominent naval architect is Wm. Hovgaard, Dane.

City planning by Eliel Saarinen, Finn ... Bertram Goodhue, Scot-English, developed and refined Gothic in public buildings ... Folger Library and Pan-American Building in Washington by Paul Cret, Belgian ... banks and office buildings by Stephen Voorhees, Netherlander ... church architecture by Ralph Cram, German, and Charles Maginnis, Irish.

Motion Pictures

Outstanding motion-picture stars: Antonio Moreno, Spaniard ... Luise Rainer, Austrian ... Charles Laughton and Ronald Colman, English ... Francis Lederer, Czech ... Jean Hersholt, Dane ... Pola Negri, Pole ... Anna Sten, Ukrainian ... Laura La Plante, Yugoslav.

Leading producers: Mayer, Lasky, Warner, Russian Jews, and Goldwyn, Polish Jew ... pioneers of industry were D. W. Griffith, Welsh, Zukor and Fox, Hungarian Jews, and Loew, German Jew ... technique of cinematography modernized by Vorkepic, Yugoslav.

Theatre

Pioneer of modern American theatre, Augustin Daly, Irish ... geniuses of the theatre include Belasco, Portuguese Jew; Frohmans, Shuberts, Selwyn, Warfield, Hammerstein, German Jews, and Nazimova, Russian Jew ... John Drew, Irish ... Richard Mansfield, Julia Marlowe, and Barrymores, English ... Paul Robeson, Negro ... the magician, Houdini, Hungarian.

Journalism

New York Weekly Journal founded by Peter Zenger, German, in 1733 ... New York Tribune founded by Horace Greeley, Scotch-Irish ... publisher of St. Louis Post-Dispatch and New York World was Joseph Pulitzer, Hungarian Jew ... first great newspaper syndicate established by S. S. McClure, Irish ... magazine, famous as a militant muckraker founded by P. F. Collier, Irish.

First modern newspaper, the New York Morning Herald, founded in 1835 by James G. Bennett, Scot ... New York Times founded by Henry Raymond, Scot, and George Jones, Welsh ... chain of newspapers founded by James Scripps, English ... chain of newspapers founded by Wm. Randolph Hearst, Scotch-English ... editor of a ladies’ magazine, Edward Bok, Netherlander.

Our Gifts to Social Progress and Government

Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson, Welsh, signed by 1 Swede, 3 Irish, 4 Scots, 5 Welsh, 5 Scotch-Irish, 38 English, with John Morton, Swede, casting deciding ballot ... the thirteen colonies were christened the “United States of America” by Thomas Paine, English.

Social Welfare

Our first social reformer was Robert Owen, Welsh ... first one to make use of music in social work was Wm. van de Wall, Netherlander ... founder of Red Cross, Clara Barton, English ... founder of Chicago’s famous Hull House was Jane Addams, English ... slums attacked by Jacob Riis, Dane, in “How Other Half Lives” ... welfare library on Ellis Island organized by Rev. John Kweetin, Latvian ... anti-saloonist and feminist, Carrie Chapman Catt, English-German ... Atlanta School of Social Work, directed by Forrester Washington, Negro ... Lillian Wald, German Jew, a social-welfare leader ... famous home for boys, Father Flanagan, Irish.

Government and Politics

Two-thirds of our presidents, including Washington, are of English descent ... Martin van Buren and Herbert Hoover, German ... Theodore Roosevelt and Franklin Roosevelt, Netherlanders ... Jefferson, Madison, John Adams, John Q. Adams, Harrison, and Garfield, Welsh ... Monroe, Hayes, Grant, Wilson, and McKinley, Scots.

Among our leading statesmen were Hamilton, Calhoun, Webster, Jefferson Davis, Scot-Welsh ... James Blaine, Chauncey Depew, Stephen Douglas, mainly Scots ... Patrick Henry, Scot-English-Welsh ... leading civil service and tariff reformer was Carl Schurz, German ... iron puddler who became Secretary of Labor, James J. Davis, Welsh.

First governors: of Delaware, John McKinley; Georgia, John Houston; Illinois, John Boyle; Kansas, James Denver; Louisiana, Wm. Claiborne, Irish or Scotch-Irish ... present governor of New York, H. H. Lehman, German Jew; of Illinois, Henry Horner, German Jew ... first governor general of Florida, Bouquet, Swiss ... first president of the Republic of Texas, Sam Houston, Scot.

Tammany Society, founded in 1789 by William Mooney, Irish, as protest against attempt of wealthy Tories to prevent soldiers and others from voting ... first Secretary of Treasury under Jefferson, responsible for arranging Louisiana Purchase, was Albert Gallatin, Swiss ... first to fight for conservation of our forests was Carl Schurz, German.

Philanthropy

Astor Library, now part of New York Library, founded by John Jacob Astor, German, in 1848 ... 4,000 Negro schools founded by Julius Rosenwald, German Jew ... Chautauqua movement begun by Lewis Miller, German ... gifts during panic of the 90’s, penny meals during World War, foodships to Palestine, and Milk Fund by Nathan Straus, Austrian Jew ... $42,000,000 gift to General Education Board by John D. Rockefeller, German.

Libraries founded throughout United States by Andrew Carnegie, Scot ... funds raised to bring Statue of Liberty from France by Joseph Pulitzer, Hungarian Jew ... appreciation of arts and literature stimulated by Edward Bok, Netherlander ... Boy Scouts of America helped by Jacob and Mortimer Schiff, German Jews ... $6,000,000 to Princeton University by H. C. Frick, German.

Colgate University founded by Wm. Colgate, English ... $122,000 to Fisk University by James Burrus, Negro ... foundations for opportunities to study abroad and to promote well-being of mankind established by Simon and Daniel Guggenheim, Swiss Jews.

Champions of Human Liberty

Protest against slavery by Pastorius, German ... author of “Common Sense,” “The Crisis” and “Public Good” was Thomas Paine, English ... powerful leaders against slavery were John Russworm, Benjamin Banneker, David Walker, Harriet Tubman, William Brown, William Still, Samuel Ward, Frederick Douglass, Negroes.

Peter Zenger, German, defended by Andrew Hamilton, Scot, registered great triumph for freedom of press when he won his fight against Governor Cosby of New York.

National Defense

Minutemen roused by Paul Revere, Huguenot ... drill-master of Continental armies, who helped to plan West Point, was Frederick von Steuben, German ... $600,000 advanced to Congress and subsidies negotiated from France and the Netherlands by Haym Solomon, Polish Jew ... father of American cavalry was General Casimir Pulaski, Pole.