Part 12

First oil well drilled at Titusville, Pa., by Edwin Drake, English, in 1859.... In Texas, oil was first struck by Anthony F. Lucas, Yugoslav ... coal in Pennsylvania first discovered by William Jones, Welsh ... pioneer miner of Colorado was Vaso Chakovic, Yugoslav ... first California gold found on ranch of John Sutter, German-Swiss ... eminent mining industrialists include Simon and Daniel Guggenheim, Swiss Jews, and Adolph Lewisohn, German Jew.

Banking

Leading bankers include: J. Pierpont Morgan, Welsh ... Nathan Straus, Felix Warburg, Jacob Schiff, Otto Kahn, and James Speyer, German Jews ... Charles G. Dawes, English ... Amadeo Gianini, Italian ... and Jesse Jones, Welsh.

Building

First American iron sea-going steamship built in 1859 by José Francisco de Navarro, Spaniard, who also laid foundation of cement business in this country ... Panama Canal built by General Goethals, Netherlander ... George Washington Bridge built by Othmar Ammann, Swiss ... Manhattan Bridge in New York and Interstate Bridge connecting Philadelphia and Camden built by Leon Moisseff, Russian.

Hetch Hetchy water system from Sierra Nevada to San Francisco built by Michael O’Shaughnessy, Irish ... Ralph Modjeski, Polish Jew, chairman, Board of Engineers, San Francisco-Oakland Bridge ... Peter Demyanoff, Russian, railroad builder.

Our Gifts to the Arts and Crafts

Literature

Outstanding novelists have been James Fenimore Cooper, English-Swedish; Oliver W. Holmes, English-Netherlander; Mark Twain, English; Wm. Dean Howells, Welsh-Irish-English-German; Mary Wilkins-Freeman, English; Nathaniel Hawthorne, Irish; Theodore Dreiser, German; James W. Johnson, Negro; Frank Norris, English; Booth Tarkington, English; Fannie Hurst, Edna Ferber, and Ludwig Lewisohn, German Jews; Jacob Riis, Dane; Louis Adamic, Yugoslav.

Our leading poets include, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier, English; Edgar A. Poe, Scotch-Irish-English; Walt Whitman, English-Netherlander; Sidney Lanier, French; Eugene Field, English; Robert Frost, Scotch-English; Edwin Markham, English; James W. Riley, Netherlander-English; Carl Sandburg, Swede; Edna St. Vincent Millay, English-French; Joaquin Miller and Joyce Kilmer, Germans; Louis Untermeyer, German Jew, and Arthur Guitermann, Austrian Jew; Christopher Morley, Irish; Phillis Wheatley and Paul Dunbar, Negroes.

Pioneer heroism immortalized by O. E. Rölvaag, Norwegian.... Good literature circulated in humble homes by P. F. Collier, Irish ... historian, writer, and lecturer, William Hendrik van Loon, Netherlander.

Music

Father of our orchestras and founder of Handel and Haydn Society was Gottlieb Graupner, German ... first organ builder and maker of spinets was Gustaf Hesselius, Swede ... our first important composer was Ernst Bloch, Swiss Jew.

“Carry Me Back to Old Virginny” composed by James Bland, Negro ... “Johnny Comes Marching Home” composed by Patrick Gilmore, Irish ... “Old Folks at Home,” by Stephen Foster, Scotch-Irish ... an Italian, Campanini, was first director and leader of Metropolitan ... Gatti Casazza, Italian, famous director of Metropolitan ... organizer of Flonzaley Quartet was Alfred Pochon, Swiss.

Famous composers include: Victor Herbert, Irish; Edward MacDowell, Scot; John Philip Sousa, Portuguese; Percy Grainger, Australian; Eugene Goosens, English; Howard Hanson, Swede; William Grant Still, Negro; Daniel Protheroe, Welsh; Sigmond Romberg, German Jew; George Gershwin and Irving Berlin, Russian Jews; Alma Glück, Roumanian; Rudolf Friml, Czech.

Outstanding conductors include Gabrilowitch, Russian Jew; Walter and Klemperer, German; Koussevitsky and Smallens, Russian Jews; Stokowski, Polish; Ormany and Rapee, Hungarians; Ganz, Swiss; Koshetz, Ukrainian; Zilotti, Russian; Busch, Dane; Kindler, Netherlander; Damrosch, German; Rodzinsky, Yugoslav; Victor Kolar, Czech.

Leading violin players of world-wide fame are: Elman, Heifetz, Zimbalist, Russian Jews; and Yehudi Menuhin, Roumanian Jew; Ysaye, Belgian; Dvonc, Czech; Prydatkevich, Ukrainian.

Famous pianists include Rachmaninoff, Russian; Iturbi, Spaniard; Honti, Hungarian.

Leading flutist is Callimahos, Greek; noted zylophonist is Y. Hiraoka, Japanese.

Among the great concert artists are Sophie Braslau, Russian Jew; Lotte Lehmann, German; Rosa Raisa, Italian Jew; Schumann-Heink, Austrian; John Charles Thomas, Welsh, and Paul Robeson, Jules Bledsoe, Marian Anderson, Roland Hayes, Negroes.

Art

Father of American painting was Benjamin West, English ... portraits of Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison by Charles Gilbert Stuart, Scot ... “Washington Crossing the Delaware,” by Emmanuel Lutze, German ... famous portraits by John Copley, Irish ... famous etchings by Joseph Pennell, English-Irish ... “Artist’s Mother” by James McNeil Whistler, Scotch-Irish.

“Swing Low, Sweet Chariot” by Malvin Johnson, Negro ... “Return of Prodigal Son” by Henry Mosler, German Jew ... “Gassed” and portraits by John S. Sargent, English-Italian ... “Autumn Oaks” by George Inness, Scot ... “Conquerors”—building of Panama Canal—by Jonas Lie, Norwegian ... “Resurrection of Lazarus” by Henry O. Tanner, Negro ... “Still Life” by Yasu Kuniyoshi, Japanese.

First modernist in America was Arthur Davies, Welsh ... corrupt Tweed ring in New York City smashed by cartoons of Thomas Nast, German ... leader in landscape painting, Frederick Detwiller, Swiss ... master of miniatures, Malthe Hasselriis, Dane ... famous frescoes in National Capitol by Brumidi, Italian ... illustrator of folk tales and fairy stories, Willie Pogany, Hungarian ... journalistic cartoons by Harrison Fisher, Czech.

Sculpture

“Puritan,” “Shaw Memorial,” and other statues by Saint-Gaudens, Irish-French ... “Memory” and “Lincoln” statues by Daniel Chester French, English ... work on Stone Mountain, Georgia, and Mt. Rushmore, South Dakota by Gutzon Borglum, Dane ... “Pioneer Mother” at Kansas City by Phimester Proctor, Canadian ... “The Sower” on the Nebraska State Capitol by Lee Lawrie, German ... statues of Indians by Ivan Mestrovic, Yugoslav ... McKinley monument by Haig Patigian, Armenian.

Italian sculptors who helped adorn National Capitol were: Franzoni, bronze clock with statue of Storia on top ... Valperti, emblematic eagle ... Amateis, bronze doors ... Causici, Statue of Liberty Proclaiming Peace ... Trentanove, “Pere Marquette” statue ... Vincenti, Indian chief, Be-she-ke.

Architecture