Part 32

Common on the eastern slopes and foothills of the Rockies; flowering in May and early June.

Smooth throughout except the slightly hairy inflorescence and rough leaf margins; stems 2—3 feet high with 1—3 rather small leaves with inflated petioles. Leaves ternately divided, the segments usually distinct, ovate, deeply cleft into linear acute, sharply serrate or entire lobes. Flowers white in nearly flat, many rayed umbels, 2—3 inches in diameter.

Abundant in wet places and along streams through the Selkirks, especially so in the Asulkan Valley at Glacier; flowering in June and July.

Very stout, soft-hairy, 4—8 feet high, the stems rigid, often 2 inches thick at the base. Leaves petioled, ternately divided, very hairy beneath, the segments broadly ovate or orbicular, cordate, stalked, lobed or sharply serrate, rather thin, 3—6 inches broad; petioles much inflated. Flowers white in 8—30 rayed umbels, 6—12 inches broad, the rays stout, 2—4 inches long.

Common throughout the region in wet places along streams and river banks, frequently growing in great masses; flowering in June and July.

CORNACEÆ

Dogwood Family

Shrubs or trees with simple, opposite, verticillate or alternate leaves, usually entire; flowers in cymes, heads, or rarely solitary; sepals and petals 4 or 5, stamens as many as the petals or more numerous and inserted with them; fruit a drupe.

Smooth, herbaceous from a nearly horizontal rootstock, woody only at the base; flowering stems, erect, scaly, 5—7 inches high. Leaves verticillate at the summit of the stem or sometimes 1 or 2 pairs of opposite ones below, sessile, oval, ovate or obovate, smooth or minutely appressed, pubescent, acute at each end or sometimes rounded at the base, entire, 1—3 inches long. Flowers small, capitate, purple, surrounded by a white involucre of 4—6 petaloid-ovate bracts, ⅓—¾ of an inch long; stamens alternate with the petals; styles exserted, deep purple; fruit globose, ⅓ of an inch in diameter in a close head; bright red.

Common throughout the region in moist woods flowering in early summer.

Shrub 3—16 feet high, usually stoloniferous, the twigs smooth and bright reddish-purple or the youngest finely hairy. Leaves slender-petioled, ovate, ovate-lanceolate or oval, acute or short acuminate, rounded or narrowed at the base, finely close-hairy above, white or whitish and sparingly hairy beneath or sometimes smooth on both surfaces, 1—5 inches long. Flowers in flat-topped cymes, 1—2 inches broad, petals white, less than ¼ of an inch long; berries white or whitish.

In moist places and along streams and river banks throughout the region; an attractive shrub, sometimes forming thickets of considerable size, the red stems contrasting beautifully with the dark green leaves; flowering in June.

PYROLACEÆ

Wintergreen Family

Low, mostly evergreen perennials with branched rootstocks and petioled leaves; flowers nearly regular, white or pink; calyx 4—5-lobed; corolla deeply 4—5-parted or of 5 petals; stamens twice as many as the divisions of the corolla, anthers opening by pores or short slits; stigma 5-lobed.

Flowers racemose; leaves basal. =Pyrola.= Flowers solitary or corymbose; leaves opposite or whorled. Stem leafy at base; flower solitary; style long. =Moneses.= Stem horizontal; branches erect, leafy; style short. =Chimaphila.=

Stems 4—10 inches high, 3—10 flowered. Leaves all basal, small, orbicular or broadly oval, mostly obtuse at both ends, sometimes narrowed at the base, thick, leathery, dull, obscurely crenulate or entire, ½—1 inch long, shorter than or equalling the petioles. Flowers greenish-white, nodding, slightly odorous, about half an inch broad; stamens and style declined, ascending; anther sacs short-beaked.

On dry wooded slopes throughout the Rockies; flowering during June.

Scape 6—12 inches high, 7—15-flowered. Leaves broadly oval or orbicular, dull, rather thick, obscurely crenulate, obtuse at both ends. Flowers frequently over half an inch broad; calyx lobes oblong or ovate-lanceolate, ¼—⅓ the length of the petals; style and stamens declined; anther sacs beaked.

In bogs throughout the Rockies, a very pretty species with bright rosy flowers and rounded leaves; flowering in July.

Stem 6—15 inches high, 7—15-flowered. Leaves reniform, usually wider than long, thick, shining above, obtuse at the apex, cordate at the base, crenulate, 1—1½ inches long, usually shorter than the narrowly margined petioles. Flowers ½—¾ of an inch broad, pink, nodding in a slender raceme 2—4 inches long; stamens and style declined, ascending; style exserted.

In damp ground, in woods and swamps throughout the Rockies; flowering in July.

b Pyrola uliginosa Torr.

c Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray. One-Flowered Wintergreen. (⅔ Nat.)]

Leaf blades thin, broadly oval or nearly orbicular, dark green, crenulate, obtuse but sometimes with a spine-tipped apex, rounded, slightly narrowed or subcordate at the base ½—1 inch long. Flowers pinkish, ¼ inch broad, nodding, in a close raceme; style straight included, stamens not inclined.

In damp mossy places throughout the region at the higher altitudes; flowering in July.

Stems generally several together, from the much branched rootstock, slender, 4—10 inches high. Leaves ovate or often oval, thin, acute or rarely obtuse at the apex, rounded or narrowed at the base, crenulate-serrate, ¾—2 inches long, longer than the petioles. Flowers greenish-white, ¼ of an inch or more broad, many, at first erect but soon drooping, in a dense one-sided raceme; style straight, exserted; stamens not declined.

Common in woods throughout the region at the lower altitudes; flowering during early July.