Part 31

In damp and springy places at the higher altitudes throughout the region; flowering in July.

Low, usually tufted, 2—6 inches high, slender, smooth or nearly so; stems commonly hairy in lines and nodding at the apex. Leaves oblong or narrowly ovate, entire or nearly so, obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base into a short petiole ½—1 inch long. Flowers few, axillary, clustered at the apex, pink-purple, nodding, about ¼ of an inch broad; stigma entire.

On damp stones and along alpine brooks at high elevations throughout the region; flowering during midsummer.

Erect, 6—12 inches high, simple or nearly so, slightly hairy above, otherwise smooth. Leaves short-petioled, ovate or elliptic, mostly, broadly obtuse at the apex, narrow or rounded at the base, entire or rather remotely denticulate, thin, ½—1¼ inches long. Flowers few in the upper axils, pink-purple or violet, ¼ of an inch or more broad; stigma entire.

A frequent and very variable species throughout the region at the higher elevations, along alpine brooks or in damp, partly shaded or springy spots; flowering during June and July.

Mostly smooth or slightly hairy above, 3—8 inches high. Leaves acute or acuminate at the apex, more or less cordate at the base, coarsely dentate, 1—2 inches long. Flowers about ⅛ of an inch broad, white, on pedicels nearly ¼ of an inch long, subtended by minute, slender bracts, in a slender raceme; fruit nearly obovoid, about ⅛ of an inch long, covered with weak hooked hairs.

In moist shaded situations and beside alpine brooks, through the Selkirks; flowering in July.

Mostly smooth, stems usually simple, 6—12 inches high, from a small tuber. Leaves ovate, rounded or cordate at the base, acute or acuminate, repandly dentate, 1—3 inches long, the slender petiole about the same length. Flowers white, very small in slender racemes, without bracts; fruit about ⅛ of an inch long loosely covered with soft curved hairs.

Growing oftentimes with the other species in moist shaded situations through the Selkirks; flowering in July.

ARALIACEÆ

Ginseng Family

Herbs, shrubs or trees with alternate or verticillate leaves, and flowers in umbels, heads or panicles; calyx tube adnate to the ovary; petals usually 5, sometimes cohering together; stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them; seeds flattened, somewhat 3-angled with a coloured, fleshy covering.

Herbs; leaves compound. =Aralia.= Shrubs; leaves simple. =Echinopanax.=

Acaulescent or nearly so, rootstock long. Leaf usually solitary, arising with the peduncle from a very short stem; petiole erect, 6—12 inches long, primary divisions of the leaf slender, stalked, pinnately 3—5 foliate; leaflets sessile or short-stalked, oval or ovate, acuminate, rounded at the base, finely serrate, 2—5 inches long, often hairy on the veins beneath. Flowers on a peduncle usually shorter than the leaves; umbels usually three, nearly round, composed of numerous small greenish flowers.

In rich woods throughout the region, flowering in July.

Very prickly throughout; stems erect from a decumbent base 4—12 feet high, leafy at the top. Leaves roundish, cordate, prickly on both sides, palmately lobed, more or less hairy beneath, 6—24 inches long. Flowers greenish-white in a dense terminal paniculate umbel; petals 5; stamens 5, alternate with the petals; fruit berry-like, laterally compressed, bright scarlet when ripe.

An ornamental though very prickly shrub, in moist rich woods throughout the region, sparingly in the Rockies, west of the divide, but very abundant in the Selkirks where it frequently forms dense impenetrable thickets, flowering in early summer.

APIACEÆ

Celery Family

Herbs with alternate, compound or simple leaves; flowers small, white, yellow or purple in compound flat heads; fruit dry, usually of two flattened carpels.

Stems 1—2 feet high. Leaves pinnately or ternately compound, cut into fine divisions. Flowers yellow or white; not purple. =Lomatium.= Flowers purple. =Leptotænia.= Leaves simple or 3-lobed; flowers yellow. =Zizia.= Stems 2—3 feet high; leaves ternate. =Ligusticum.= Stems 4—8 feet high, soft-hairy. Leaves ternately divided; flowers white. =Heracleum.=

Nearly stemless, 4—24 inches high, more or less hairy, much branched at the base from an elongated thick root. Leaves pinnately compound, segments pinnately-incised, on rather short petioles, purplish at the base; flowers white or pinkish in a somewhat equally 3—10-rayed umbel; rays 1—4 inches long.

In dry stony ground throughout the Rockies, very abundant on the lower ridges in the vicinity of Banff; flowering in early June.

Purplish at the base, with or without stems, 1—2 feet high, slightly hairy. Leaves twice or thrice ternate, the leaflets narrowly linear, 2—4 inches long. Flowers small, deep yellow in an unequal umbel of 5—18 rays, with slender bracts.

Through the Rockies on dry ridges and grassy slopes; flowering in early June.

Stems 1—3 feet high, very leafy at the base, from a large fleshy rootstock. Leaves ternate or thrice pinnate, segments very finely cut. Flowers small, brownish-purple in nearly equal 8—20 rayed, rounded umbels, 3—4 inches in diameter, usually without an involucre.

A most striking plant from its beautifully dissected leaves and rather large heads of rich brownish-purple flowers blossoming in June; on grassy slopes of Stony Squaw, Banff.

Stout, erect, branched, and smooth or somewhat hairy, 1—2 feet high. Basal and lower leaves long-petioled, broadly ovate or orbicular, undivided, deeply cordate at the base, 1—3 inches long, crenate; stem leaves short-petioled, ternate, the segments ovate or oval, crenate or lobed. Flowers small, bright yellow, in nearly flat 7—16 rayed umbels, 1—2 inches in diameter.