Part 6

Diagnosis.--Medium-sized frogs, males 20.5-26.5 mm. in snout-vent, females 22.0-29.3 mm. in snout-vent length; vocal slits present in males; tips of fingers dilated slightly; first finger longer than second; inner metatarsal tubercle twice size of small, conical outer metatarsal tubercle; skin of dorsum pustular, that of venter smooth; snout subacuminate; diameter of tympanum 47.5-62.5 per cent of eye in males, 38.6-57.9 per cent in females; dorsum yellowish-green with chocolate brown blotches or spots forming reticulations in most specimens; venter white to gray; flanks brown, spotted with white or not; limbs banded; interorbital bar obscured by dorsal pattern.

Remarks.--My distribution map (Fig. 7) differs somewhat from that of Duellman (1958), who was unaware of specimens reported by Taylor and Smith (1945) from central Veracruz, Mexico.

Duellman (1958, 1960) regarded S. leprus as having a gray venter. Neill (1965) characterized his new subspecies on the basis of white venter and spots on the dorsum. Some specimens from throughout the range have only small round spots, instead of vermiculations (Fig. 6). The gray ventral coloration is largely restricted to the population in Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, but only about 80 per cent of the specimens from the Los Tuxtlas have gray venters, whereas specimens from Guatemala, Oaxaca, Tabasco, and central Veracruz, Mexico, have white venters (rarely gray). Since the specimens from British Honduras are not distinct from specimens throughout most of the range, there is no reason to recognize them as a subspecies.

Etymology.--Greek, lepra, leprosy, in reference to the mottled color pattern.

Distribution.--Discontinuous; central Veracruz to British Honduras to low elevations in the foothills of the Sierra Madre Oriental, Los Tuxtlas, Sierra Madre de Chiapas (Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Fig. 7)).

Specimens examined.--(84). GUATEMALA, Alta Verapaz: Chinaja, KU 55961-62. El Peten: 15 km. NW Chinaja, KU 55963; Piedras Negras, USNM 114085-92; Tikal, UMMZ 117035; Uaxactun, AMNH 55121-22.

MEXICO, Oaxaca: Cerro San Pedro del Isthmo, UIMNH 35510; Finca La Gloria, USNM 114093; 30.5 km. N Matias Romero, UIMNH 39459, 71969; Santa Efigenia, USNM 10040 (holotype). Tabasco: Teapa, UMMZ 113799-800; 13.5 km. W Teapa, UMMZ 120253. Veracruz: 27.5 km. N Acayucan, UIMNH 42726; Atoyac, UIMNH 13331, 49296; 3.2 km. N Catemaco, UIMNH 71976-77; Coyame, UIMNH 38995, 38998, 40342; Dos Amates, TCWC 21211; Fortin de Las Flores, FMNH 113751, 113753; Paraja Nuevo, El Suchil, UMMZ 90315; Potrero Viejo, FMNH 113743-50, 126114-18, KU 26104-06, UIMNH 13332-37, UMMZ 88837; San Andres Tuxtla, UIMNH 27123-31, 28611, 71975, UMMZ 115450 (5); San Lorenzo, USNM 123530; 4.5 km. NW Santiago Tuxtla, JDL 992 (skeleton), UIMNH 27122; 32 km. S Sayula, EAL 1696; Tepalapan, 1.6 km. S Catemaco, UMMZ 118222 (2); Volcan San Martin, south slope, UMMZ 118223; Volcan San Martin, Rancho El Tular, UIMNH 35399-400, 40340-41.

=Syrrhophus rubrimaculatus= Taylor and Smith

Syrrhophus rubrimaculatus Taylor and Smith, 1945:583-85 [Holotype.--USNM 114070, from La Esperanza, near Escuintla, Chiapas, Mexico, collected May 13, 1940, by H. M. and R. Smith]. Duellman, 1958:1-4, 7, 12, 14. Gorham, 1966:167.

Syrrhophus rubrimaculata: Smith and Taylor, 1948:48-49.

Diagnosis.--Small frogs, males 18.2-23.5 mm. snout-vent, females 19.0-22.5 mm. snout-vent length (small sample); vocal slits in males; digital tips scarcely expanded (Fig. 1); first finger shorter than second; outer palmar tubercle reduced in size; inner metatarsal tubercle elongate, twice the size of small, conical outer metatarsal tubercle; diameter of tympanum 35.5-46.5 per cent that of eye in both sexes; dorsum brown with small pale spots (red in life); venter gray.

Remarks.--Previous authors who treated Syrrhophus placed this species in the western complex, because it occurs on the Pacific versant and has a reduced outer palmar tubercle. Duellman (1958) placed rubrimaculatus apart from the other western species, because of its relatively unexpanded digital tips and coloration. The digital tips are like those in leprus, which rubrimaculatus resembles. Except for the reduction of the outer palmar tubercle, rubrimaculatus could be a member of the leprus group.

Syrrhophus rubrimaculatus is probably best treated as a Pacific derivative of the leprus group, even though the palmar tubercles do not agree. The removal of rubrimaculatus from the western complex results in a more homogeneous remainder and does not greatly increase the heterogeneity of the eastern complex.

Etymology.--Latin, meaning spotted with red; in reference to the colors in life.

Distribution.--Low to moderate elevations on the Pacific versant of southeastern Chiapas, Mexico (Fig. 7); probably extending into adjacent Guatemala.

Specimens examined.--(48) MEXICO, Chiapas: Escuintla, UMMZ 88283; 6 km. NE Escuintla, UMMZ 87876-80; La Esperanza, UIMNH 13285, UMMZ 88496-97, USNM 114070 (holotype), 114054-69, 114072; Monte Cristo, UMMZ 88353; 1.3 km. N Puerto Madero, KU 58910-11; Finca San Jeronimo, 600-650 m., UIMNH 55299-312, 55313-16 (cleared and stained).

=Syrrhophus guttilatus= (Cope)

Malachylodes guttilatus Cope, 1879:264 [Holotype.--USNM 9888, from Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico; collected in 1877 by Alfredo Duges].

Syrrhopus guttulatus: Boulenger, 1888:204-06.

Syrrhaphus guttulatus: Guenther, 1900:317.

Syrraphus guttulatus: Diaz de Leon, 1904:11.

Syrrhophus guttilatus: Nieden, 1923:399-400. Kellogg, 1932:125, 127-28. Smith and Taylor, 1948:49, 51. Firschein, 1954:52-54. Gorham, 1966:164.

Syrrhophus smithi Taylor, 1940b:43-45, pl. 1 [Holotype.--USNM 108594, from 15 mi. SW Galeana, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, 1575 m.; collected on October 13, 1939, by Hobart M. Smith]. Smith and Taylor, 1948:49, 51. Firschein, 1954:54-55. Martin, 1958:50. Gorham, 1966:167.

Syrrhophus gaigeae Schmidt and Smith, 1944:80 [Holotype.--FMNH 27361, from the Basin, Chisos Mountains, Brewster Co., Texas; collected on July 24, 1937, by Walter L. Necker].

Syrrhophus petrophilus Firschein, 1954:50-52 [Holotype.--UIMNH 7807, from 5 km. SW San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico; collected on July 18, 1949, by David Langebartel]. Gorham, 1966:166.

Syrrhophus marnocki: Milstead, Mecham, and McClintock, 1950:548 (in part).

Diagnosis.--Medium-sized frogs, males 20.6-29.0 mm. snout-vent, females 25.7-31.0 mm. snout-vent length; vocal slits in males; digital tips slightly expanded (Fig. 1); first and second fingers equal; skin of dorsum smooth to moderately pustular, that of venter smooth; snout blunt; diameter of tympanum 55.1-75.7 per cent that of eye in males, 47.6-61.7 in females; dorsum and flanks cream to gray with light brown to black flecking and vermiculations; thighs usually not banded; interorbital bar present (Fig. 8).

Remarks.--Cope (1879) distinguished Malachylodes from Syrrhophus on the basis of the presence of a frontoparietal fontanelle in the holotype of guttilatus. The holotype is a juvenile female and as is the case in the juveniles of nearly all leptodactylids, a frontoparietal fontanelle is present. Firschein (1954) used the presence of the fontanelle to distinguish guttilatus from his petrophilus.