Part 7

As is clearly evident from the length of the synonymy, I consider a number of currently used names to be synonymous with guttilatus. I have seen the holotypes of all four names and am unable to recognize more than a single species. The holotype of petrophilus is a male, whereas that of smithi is a female. The supposed differences are a reflection of sexual dimorphism in the size of the eye (Table 5). The two holotypes, as well as those of gaigeae and Malachylodes guttilatus agree in color pattern.

Schmidt and Smith (1944) named Syrrhophus gaigeae from the Chisos Mountains of the Big Bend region of Texas and compared it only with S. marnockii. Milstead, Mecham and McClintock (1950) synonymized gaigeae and marnockii because they were unable to verify the characters Wright and Wright (1949) used to separate them. Specimens from the Big Bend region differ from those of the Edward and Stockton Plateaus in having a vermiculate pattern, an interorbital bar, and a supratympanic stripe. In these respects they agree with specimens from northern Mexico. Based on limited observations, the Mexican population is yellowish to brownish in life whereas the central Texas population is green in life. Lacking evidence of genetic exchange, the two are held to be specifically distinct.

Nearly every specimen examined was infested with chiggers of the genus Hannemania. The greatest concentrations are on the venter, in the groin, and on the thighs. Many specimens have chiggers on the digits and tarsi. The same, or a related, chigger was found on many specimens of Syrrhophus marnockii and a few S. verrucipes, but on no other species of the genus. Mr. Willy Wrenn told me that he has seen heavy infestations of Hannemania on Syrrhophus pallidus. Infestation by Hannemania probably reflects similar ecologies rather than close relationships.

Etymology.--Latin, guttula, meaning spotting or flecking, in reference to the color pattern.

Distribution.--Moderate to intermediate elevations (600 to 2000 m.) along the Sierra Madre Oriental from the Big Bend Region of Texas to Guanajuato, Mexico (Fig. 10).

Specimens examined.--(32) TEXAS, Brewster Co.: Juniper Canyon, Chisos Mts., FMNH 27361 (holotype of S. gaigeae), 27360, 27362-63, MCZ 15346, 27801, UMMZ 66080, 66082, 66085-91, USNM 76876; Upper Green Gulch, TCWC 15943.

MEXICO: Coahuila: 8 km. S Saltillo, UIMNH 55518-21. Guanajuato: Guanajuato, USNM 9888 (holotype of Malachulodes guttilatus); 8 km. E Guanajuato, AMNH 73425; Cerro Cubilete, AMNH 73424. Nuevo Leon: 3 km. S Galeana, JDL 1215 (skeleton), UIMNH 58204; 24 km. SW Galeana. 1575 m., USNM 108594 (holotype of Syrrhophus smithi). San Luis Potosi: 5 km. SW San Luis Potosi, UIMNH 7807 (holotype of S. petrophilus). Tamaulipas: 1.6 km. NW La Joya de Salas, 1530 m., UMMZ 110736 (4).

=Syrrhophus marnockii= Cope

Syrrhophus marnockii Cope, 1878:253 [Syntypes.--ANSP 10765-68, from "near San Antonio," Bexar Co., Texas; collected by G. W. Marnock].

Syrrhophus marnocki: Yarrow, 1882:24, 193. Milstead, Mecham, and McClintock, 1950:550.

Diagnosis.--Medium-sized frogs, males 18.4-28.9 mm. snout-vent, females 20.4-35.4 mm. snout-vent length; vocal slits in males; digital tips widened (Fig. 1); first and second fingers equal; skin of dorsum smooth to weakly pustular, that of venter smooth; snout blunt, rounded; diameter of tympanum 47.2-68.3 per cent that of eye in males, 45.8-73.3 in females; dorsum tan to light brown in preservative with rusty-brown flecks, venter white; ground color green in life; thighs banded; interorbital bar absent.

Remarks.--Specimens from the southern edge of the Edwards Plateau and the eastern edge of the Stockton Plateau have larger flecks on the back that tend to form a vermiculate pattern like that of S. guttilatus. The vermiculation is never well developed (see plate 38 in Conant, 1958). Most of the specimens from the Edwards Plateau have a punctate pattern (Fig. 9).

Fossils are known from the Sangamon interglacial deposits in Foard and Knox Counties, Texas (Lynch, 1964; Tihen, 1960).

Etymology.--A patronym for the collector of the type specimens.

Distribution.--The Edwards Plateau and the extreme eastern edge of the Stockton Plateau in Texas (Fig. 11). The fossil records lie some 200 miles to the north. Two specimens (FMNH 103216-17) from Brownsville, Cameron Co., Texas, were formerly in the EHT-HMS collection (nos. 31348-49). Data given in Taylor's field catalogue (housed in the Division of Reptiles, Field Museum) are "Brownsville, A. J. Kirn collector, April 15, 1934." Until verification by recently collected material is available, this record must be disregarded.

Specimens examined.--(103) TEXAS, Bandera Co.: 10 mi. SW Medina, TCWC 13508-10; 8 mi. W Medina, KU 60243; 13 mi. W Medina, KU 60242, TCWC 13506-07. Bexar Co.: UIMNH 34694; Classen ranch, near San Antonio. UMMZ 98891; Helotes, EAL 1560, MCZ 11837 (2), UMMZ 64045, USNM 13635; 2 mi. N Helotes, TCWC 9234-35; 3.5 mi. N Helotes, LSUMZ 10363; 8 mi. N Helotes, TCWC 1549, 4364; San Antonio, FMNH 15553-56, TCWC 13497-99. Blanco Co.: 8 mi. NE Blanco, TCWC 4782. Comal Co.: New Braunfels, TCWC 13500-05; 5 mi. NE New Braunfels, UMMZ 71016 (10). Hays Co.: San Marcos, AMNH 22661-64, 32700, FMNH 15245-46, 26250, 26253-57, 37617, 37665, MCZ 15649-50, 23268-69; 6 mi. SW San Marcos, TCWC 5070-71, 7140, 9232-33, 9236, 9316-17, 9320. Kendall Co.: 11 mi. E Boerne, AMNH 54660-61, 54662 (2); 10 mi. W Boerne, KU 18441; Kendalia, UIMNH 21434. Kerr Co.: Kerr W. M. Area, TCWC 15859; 40 mi. NW Kerrville, TCWC 6555. Medina Co.: UIMNH 13287-88; 12 mi. N Castroville, UIMNH 21423; 14 mi. N Castroville, UIMNH 21424-25; 16 mi. N Castroville, UIMNH 21421-22; 17 mi. N Castroville, UIMNH 21428-29; 18 mi. N Castroville, UIMNH 21426-27, 21430-33; 6.5 mi. NW Rio Medina, KU 18440. Real Co.: Rio Frio, FMNH 55156-57. Travis Co.: Austin, AMNH 44221-22; Mount Bonnell, 5 mi. S Austin, UMMZ 101453 (10). Uvalde Co.: 13 mi. from Uvalde, UIMNH 62322. Val-Verde Co.: 40 mi. N Del Rio, JDL 214 (skeleton).

=Syrrhophus verrucipes= Cope

Syrrhophus verrucipes Cope, 1885:383 [Holotype.--ANSP 11325, from near Zacualtipan, Hidalgo, Mexico (1800 feet lower in a rocky gorge of a stream near its junction with the Rio San Miguel), collected by Dr. Santiago Bernard]. Kellogg, 1932:126-29. Smith and Taylor, 1948:52-53. Firschein, 1954:55-57. Gorham, 1966:167.

Syrrhaphus verrucipes: Guenther, 1900:216-17.

Tomodactylus macrotympanum Taylor, 1940e:496-99, pl. 55, figs. 2a-b. [Holotype.--FMNH 100049 (formerly EHT-HMS 6838), from La Placita, 8 km. S Jacala, Hidalgo, Mexico, 1850 m.; collected on July 2, 1936, by Edward H. Taylor]. Smith and Taylor, 1948:47-48.

Syrrhophus macrotympanum: Dixon, 1957:384. Gorham, 1966:165.

Diagnosis.--Medium-sized frogs, males 17.5-26.1 mm. snout-vent, females 28.0-31.7 mm. snout-vent length; vocal slits in males; digital tips slightly expanded; first finger shorter than second; skin of dorsum pustular, that of venter areolate; snout elongate, subacuminate; diameter of tympanum 56.1-76.7 per cent that of eye in males, 54.3-56.8 in females; in preservative, dorsum reddish brown with numerous small black or dark brown spots (Fig. 8); venter white to cream; in life dorsum green with darker green spots, belly white; iris gold above, bronze below.

Remarks.--Cope's (1885) original description was not sufficiently clear to enable subsequent authors to recognize this species. Taylor (1940e) described it as a Tomodactylus, but Dixon (1957) pointed out that T. macrotympanum differed from the other species of the genus in having a poorly developed lumbo-inguinal (inguinal) gland, and placed the species in the genus Syrrhophus. Comparison of the holotypes of S. verrucipes and T. macrotympanum leaves no doubt in my mind that a single species is involved. This same species was reported by Smith and Taylor (1948) as S. verruculatus.

Syrrhophus verrucipes bears resemblance to members of both the leprus and marnockii groups. In snout shape it is closer to the leprus group, whereas in digital pad, the shape of the general body form, and contiguity of habitat it is most similar to the marnockii group (S. guttilatus).

Etymology.--Latin, meaning warty foot, probably in reference to the numerous plantar supernumerary tubercles.

Distribution.--Moderate elevations in southeastern San Luis Potosi, Queretaro, and northwestern Hidalgo, Mexico (Fig. 7).

Specimens examined--(43) MEXICO, Hidalgo: Jacala, UMMZ 106434; 9.6 km. NE Jacala, Puerto de la Zorra, 1820 m., KU 60240-41, TCWC 11090, 11147; 8 km. S Jacala, La Placita, 1850 m., FMNH 100049 (holotype of Tomodactylus macrotympanum), 100791-803, 105334-35, 114287, UIMNH 15989-92, 15995-96, UMMZ 117252, USNM 137202; Tianguistengo, FMNH 113705-09, UIMNH 13328-30; near Zacualtipan, ANSP 11325 (holotype of Syrrhophus verrucipes). Queretaro: 3.5 km. S San Juan del Rio, EAL 1343. San Luis Potosi: 9.6 km. W Ahuacatlan, LSUMZ 4968-70.

=Syrrhophus dennisi= new species