Part 5

Distribution.--Low to moderate elevations from the Rio Grande embayment to central Veracruz, Mexico (Fig. 5).

=Syrrhophus cystignathoides campi= Stejneger, New combination

Syrrhophus campi Stejneger, 1915:131-32. [Holotype.--USNM 52290, from Brownsville, Cameron Co., Texas; R. D. Camp collector, March 31, 1915]. Smith and Taylor, 1948:52. Martin, 1958:50.

Diagnosis.--Venter smooth; usually no interorbital light and dark bars present; ground color brown in life (Fig. 4a).

Remarks.--Martin (1958) was the first author to point out that S. campi was probably a subspecies of the more southern S. cystignathoides. Various references in the literature might lead one to believe that the two were sympatric over much of northeastern Mexico; this error was created by the use of a single character (condition of the skin of the venter) to characterize the two populations. Specimens from southern Texas have a smooth venter, lack interorbital bars and have, in general, a brown ground color, whereas specimens from central Veracruz have an areolate venter, interorbital light and dark bars and a yellow ground color. In southern Tamaulipas and eastern San Luis Potosi, these characters vary discordantly, thereby strongly suggesting that the two populations intergrade. Both populations agree in other morphological characters; therefore, they are here treated as geographic variants.

Etymology.--Named for the collector of the type specimens, Mr. R. D. Camp of Brownsville, Texas.

Distribution.--Lower Rio Grande embayment in Texas to central Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas, Mexico. Intergrades are known from southern Tamaulipas and adjacent San Luis Potosi, Mexico (Fig. 5).

Specimens examined.--(113) TEXAS, Cameron Co.: MCZ 10277-85, 10286 (10); Brownsville, AMNH 3215, 3218-20, 3221 (3), 5376, 62117, FMNH 105336, KU 8135-39, MCZ 3738-42, 3743 (10), TCWC 5908, 7139, TNHC 92-94, 20909, UMMZ 51760, 54031 (5), USNM 52290 (holotype); 22 mi. SE Brownsville, TNMC 14223; 8 mi. SW Brownsville, UMMZ 101127 (3); Harlingen, AMNH 62118, UMMZ 105200-205, 105206 (5), 105207 (4). Hidalgo Co.: Bentsen-Rio Grande State Park, UMMZ 114378; 6 mi. S McAllen, TNHC 7136-39; Santa Ana Refuge, TCWC 13495-96; Weslaco, TCWC 17658-60.

MEXICO, Nuevo Leon: Salto Cola de Caballo, AMNH 57953-54, FMNH 30644-45, 37169-70; Monterrey, UIMNH 13324; 40 km. SE Monterrey, UIMNH 3686. Tamaulipas: 80 km. Matamoros, FMNH 27150 (13).

Intergrades [S. c. cystignathoides x S. c. campi (88)] MEXICO, San Luis Potosi: 5 km. E Ciudad del Maiz, UMMZ 106435; 16 km. W Naranjo, FMNH 104584; Salto de Agua, 34 km. WSW Antigua Morelos, TCWC 6980. Tamaulipas: 5 km. W Acuna, 1060 m., UMMZ 101172, 101173 (16), 101174-76, 101177 (6); 14.5 km. NNW Chamal, 430 m., UMMZ 111337 (2); 20 km. NNW Chamal, 700 m., UMMZ 111338 (11); 8 km. N Gomez Farias, 450 m., UMMZ 101165; 8 km. NE Gomez Farias, Pano Ayuctle, UMMZ 102264, 102924 (6); 8 km. NW Gomez Farias, 1060 m., LSUMZ 11084, UMMZ 101199, 102928 (5), 102929-32, 110124 (3); Rio Guayala, near Magiscatzin, MCZ 24138-42, 85071-81, UMMZ 88242 (2); Magiscatzin, TCWC 6981; Las Yucas, north of Aldama, MCZ 29665-68; 16 km. NE Zamorina, UMMZ 101124.

=Syrrhophus cystignathoides cystignathoides= (Cope), New combination

Phyllobates cystignathoides Cope, 1877:89-90 [Syntypes.--USNM 32402-32409, from Potrero, near Cordoba, Veracruz, Mexico, collected by Francis Sumichrast]. Boulenger, 1882:196.

Syrrhophus cystignathoides: Cope, 1879:268. Kellogg, 1932: 126-27. Taylor and Smith, 1945: 582-83. Smith and Taylor, 1948:50. Martin, 1958:49.

Syrrhaphus cystignathoides: Guenther, 1900:218.

Syrraphus cystignathoides: Diaz de Leon, 1904:10.

Syrrhopus cystignathoides: Barbour and Loveridge, 1946:170.

Diagnosis.--Venter areolate; interorbital light and dark bars present; ground color yellow to brownish-yellow in life (Fig. 4b).

Remarks.--Firschein (1954) briefly considered the status of Peters' (1871) Phyllobates verruculatus and noted that if it was a Syrrhophus it would probably be referrable to S. cystignathoides. Peters' (1871) original description corresponds well with S. cystignathoides, and the type-locality ("Huanusco" = Huatusco) is within the range of that species. Firschein (1954) expressed doubt that verruculatus was a Syrrhophus, because Peters placed it in another genus. However, Peters described verruculatus a decade before Cope diagnosed the genus Syrrhophus. Most frogs now called Syrrhophus, plus a number of lower Central American frogs now placed in a variety of genera were placed in Phyllobates by Boulenger, Cope, and Peters.

The types of Phyllobates verruculatus were destroyed during World War II (Guenther Peters, in litt.); the specimens subsequently assigned to the taxon by Kellogg (1932) are Syrrhophus cystignathoides. Because the type specimens are lost and because the name antedates the more established name, cystignathoides, I favor retaining Phyllobates verruculatus Peters as a nomen dubium.

Smith and Taylor (1948) reported S. verruculatus from Tianguistengo, Hidalgo, Mexico. These specimens are examples of verrucipes. Smith (1947) reported a specimen of verruculatus from San Lorenzo, Veracruz. Firschein (1954) referred it to cystignathoides, and Duellman (1960) concluded that both authors were in error and that the specimen (USNM 123530) was a leprus.

Etymology.--The trivial name is the diminutive of Cystignathus, a once-used generic name for several leptodactylid frogs.

Distribution.--Low and moderate elevations in the foothills along the Sierra Madre Oriental from eastern San Luis Potosi to Central Veracruz, Mexico (Fig. 5).

Specimens examined.--(130), MEXICO, Puebla: Necaxa, UMMZ 69519-20. San Luis Potosi: 5 km. W Aguismon, LSUMZ 4962-63; along Rio Axtla, road to Xilitla, UMMZ 105500; Tamazunchale, UIMNH 3199; 6.5 km. N Tamazunchale, UMMZ 104039; 8 km. N Tamazunchale, UMMZ 119490. Veracruz: Coatepec, 1210 m., FMNH 704966-67; 11 km. SE Coatepec, 850 m., FMNH 70468-70; below Cordoba, FMNH 104588, UIMNH 13321; Cuautlapam, 1000 m., FMNH 106477-80, KU 100364, UIMNH 58200-03, UMMZ 105392; Fortin de las Flores, UIMNH 13322, 13339; 1.6 km. N Fortin de las Flores, UIMNH 42799-808, UMMZ 105389; 3.2 km. N Fortin de las Flores, UIMNH 26633-35; 4.8 km. N Fortin de las Flores, UIMNH 71967-68; 3.2 km. W Fortin de las Flores (Barranca Metlac), 910 m., UIMNH 49294-95, UMMZ 115444-46, 118221, 119893 (2); Huatusco, KU 100363; Jalapa, 1400 m., FMNH 70440, 70443-51, 70454-65; 16 km. NE Jalapa, 1300 m., FMNH 70452-53; 8 km. E Jalapa, UIMNH 13338; 9.5 km. S Jalapa, UMMZ 122083 (2); Mirador, KU 23967; Paraja Nuevo, El Suchil, UMMZ 85490 (7), 85491 (2), 90315; La Passa, UIMNH 49293, 49297; 1 km. E Plan del Rio, 240 m., UMMZ 102067 (2); Potrero Viejo, FMNH 104583, 104586, 105326-27, KU 26789, 100357-62, UIMNH 13323, 13340-43; USNM 32402 (lectotype), 32403-04, 32406-09; 9.6 km. S Santa Rosa, TCWC 12785; 24 km. NE Tezuitlan (Puebla), UMMZ 105388; Teocelo, FMNH 70437-38, KU 26080, 26790; 3.2 km. N Teocelo, FMNH 70439, 70441-42; 9.6 km. NW Tihuatlan, UIMNH 3684-85; 15 km. ENE Tlacotepec, KU 23966; 26 km. NW Tuxpan, UMMZ 126419.

=Syrrhophus leprus= Cope

Syrrhophus leprus Cope, 1879:268-69 [Holotype.--USNM 10040, from Santa Efigena, Oaxaca, Mexico, Francis Sumichrast collector]. Kellogg, 1932:124-5, 128. Taylor and Smith, 1945:582. Smith and Taylor, 1948:50-51. Duellman, 1958:8, pl. 1, Fig. 2; 1960:56-57. Gorham, 1966:165.

Syrrhaphus leprus: Guenther, 1900:217.

Syrrhophus leprus leprus: Neill, 1965:85-86.

Syrrhophus leprus cholorum Neill, 1965:85-86 [Holotype.--Wilfred T. Neill collection 1525, from 3.9 mi. N San Antonio, Toledo District, British Honduras, collected October 28, 1959, by R. A. Allen, T. C. Allen, and W. T. Neill].