Part 4

5. Venter smooth; dorsum spotted or vermiculate S. leprus

Venter areolate, or if smooth, dorsum flecked and interorbital bar lacking 6

6. Venter areolate; interorbital bar present; ground color yellowish S. cystignathoides cystignathoides

Venter smooth; interorbital bar absent; ground color brown S. cystignathoides campi

7. First finger shorter than second; digital tips only slightly dilated; green in life with darker green spots S. verrucipes

First finger equal to second; digital tips slightly to moderately expanded 8

8. Dorsum vermiculate; interorbital bar present; ground color cream to brown in life S. guttilatus

Dorsum punctate or flecked; interorbital bar absent; ground color green in life S. marnockii

9. Dorsum dark with pale (red in life) spots; digital pads not expanded S. rubrimaculatus

Dorsum pale with dark markings and digital pads slightly to widely expanded 10

10. Digital tips not widely expanded; tympanum well-defined; outer metatarsal tubercle more than one-half size of inner 11

Digital tips widely expanded, truncate in outline; tympanum poorly defined; outer metatarsal tubercle less than one-half size of inner 12

11. Dorsum dark brown with large light spots or blotches; tympanum/eye ratio usually greater than 43 percent S. pipilans pipilans

Dorsum dark brown with small light spots; tympanum/eye ratio less than 48 percent S. pipilans nebulosus

12. Light interorbital bar present 13

Light interorbital bar absent 14

13. Adults small, less than 22 mm. snout-vent length with a broad mid-dorsal stripe; dark bands on shank narrower than light interspaces S. nivocolimae

Adults larger, more than 22 mm. snout-vent length; dorsum vermiculate; dark bands on shank broader than light interspaces S. interorbitalis

14. Dorsum spotted with discrete black spots; pattern definite S. modestus

Dorsum reticulate or vermiculate, pattern poorly defined 15

15. Adults small, less than 21 mm. snout-vent length; upper arm not banded S. pallidus

Adults larger, usually greater than 21 mm. snout-vent length; upper arm banded S. teretistes

SPECIES ACCOUNTS

The following accounts do not include complete descriptions of each taxon, because a more than adequate number of descriptions is available in the recent (1940-1966) literature. An abbreviated synonymy, in which are listed all combinations and emendations of names and significant contributions to our knowledge of the taxon, is given for each. For each species and subspecies the following are given: descriptive diagnosis, statement of range, remarks on taxonomy, list of specimens examined, illustration of color pattern, and distribution map.

=Syrrhophus cystignathoides= (Cope)

Phyllobates cystignathoides Cope, 1877:89-90 [Syntypes.--Originally USNM 32402-32409, (32405 now in MCZ) from Potrero, near Cordoba, Veracruz, Mexico, Francis Sumichrast collector.]

Diagnosis.--Adults small, males 16.0 to 23.5 mm. in snout-vent length, females 16.0-25.8 mm. in snout-vent length; vocal slits present in males; finger tips slightly expanded; first finger longer than second; outer metatarsal tubercle one-half size of inner, conical, compressed; skin of dorsum weakly pustular, that of venter smooth to areolate; tympanum 44 to 69 per cent diameter of eye (mean 55.5 per cent); ground color yellow to brown in life with brown to black fleckings on dorsum and flanks; limbs banded; interorbital bar present or not.

Remarks.--Two geographic races (subspecies) are herein recognized; previously these were held by various authors to be species (campi and cystignathoides). Intergradation occurs in southern Tamaulipas and eastern San Luis Potosi, Mexico. The two subspecies can be distinguished on the basis of color pattern and the condition of the skin of the venter.