Part 202

486. IOLE CINEREICEPS Bourns and Worcester.

ASHY-HEADED BULBUL.

Iole cinereiceps Bourns and Worcester, Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. Occ. Papers (1894), 1, 25; Sharpe, Hand-List (1901), 3, 314; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 79.

Romblon (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Tablas (Bourns & Worcester, Celestino).

Adult.--Entire top of head slate-gray, bases of the feathers olive-brown, the shafts nearly black; chin and throat white, streaked with pale yellow; otherwise very similar to Iole siquijorensis. A male measures: Wing, 126; tail, 115; culmen from base, 32; bill from nostril, 21; tarsus, 22. A female, wing, 122; tail, 111; culmen from base, 30; bill from nostril, 19; tarsus, 24.

"The ashy-headed bulbul occurs in the open, but is far more abundant in the woods. Eleven males from Romblon measure: Length, 288; wing, 131; tail, 115; culmen, 35; tarsus, 22; middle toe with claw, 26. Four females from the same locality, length, 274; wing, 122; tail, 109; culmen, 33; tarsus, 22; middle toe with claw, 25. Males and females from Tablas average slightly less in length, but are otherwise identical with Romblon birds. Iris, legs, feet, and nails very dark brown; bill black." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

487. IOLE MONTICOLA Bourns and Worcester.

MOUNTAIN BULBUL.

Iole monticola Bourns and Worcester, Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. Occ. Papers (1894), 1, 25; Sharpe, Hand-List (1901), 3, 314; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 79.

Cebu (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor).

Adult.--Very similar to Iole siquijorensis but smaller; top of head lighter seal-brown; forehead washed with slate-gray; mantle and back more ruddy; ear-coverts tawny; chin and fore throat almost solid white. A male measures: Wing, 127; tail, 117; culmen from base, 32; bill from nostril, 21; tarsus, 22.

"Iole monticola differs from Iole siquijorensis, its nearest ally, in its more ruddy upper surface, its lighter head with a wash of ashy gray on front of crown, in its lighter ear-coverts and tawny throat, and in its lighter under wing- and tail-coverts. So far as our observation goes it is a highland form. It was invariably met with by us in the forest on the tops and sides of the hills in central Cebu and was never seen in open or flat country." (Bourns and Worcester.)

"Three males average: Length, 267; wing, 121; tail, 111; culmen, 31; tarsus, 22; middle toe with claw, 24. A female measures, 260 in length; wing, 115; tail, 102; culmen, 31; tarsus, 23; middle toe with claw, 23. Iris, legs, feet, and nails dark brown; bill nearly black. Breeding in June." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

Genus POLIOLOPHUS Sharpe, 1877.

Occipital crest short and pointed; eye surrounded by a narrow wattle; bill from base about equal to tarsus; rictal bristles long, the longest much more than bill from nostril; rectrices graduated and tipped with white; difference between lengths of outermost and middle tail-feathers more than length of bill from nostril.

488. POLIOLOPHUS UROSTICTUS (Salvadori).

WATTLED BULBUL.

Brachypus urostictus Salvadori, Atti R. Accad. Sc. Torino (1870), 5, 509. Pycnonotus urostictus Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. (1875), 9, pl. 32, fig. 2. Poliolophus urostictus Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. 2d. ser. Zool. (1877), 1, 334; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1881), 6, 63 (text figure of head); Hand-List (1901), 3, 315; Whitehead, Ibis (1899), 215; Oates and Reid, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1903), 3, 308, pl. 10, fig. 9 (egg); McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 79. Poliolophus basilanicus Steere, List Birds & Mams. Steere Exped. (1890), 19.

Basilan (Steere Exp., McGregor); Bohol (McGregor); Catanduanes (Whitehead); Dinagat (Everett); Leyte (Steere Exp., Whitehead); Luzon (Meyer, Steere Exp., McGregor, Whitehead); Mindanao (Everett, Steere Exp., Goodfellow, Celestino); Panaon (Everett); Samar (Bourns & Worcester).

Adult.--Top of head dark brown, shaft-lines seal-brown; rest of upper parts dark olive-green, the shafts of the feathers darker; feathers of lower back long and thick-set, forming a bunch which covers the feathers of the rump; the long feathers with dark brown subterminal spots and some of the lateral ones tipped with white washed with pale yellow; rectrices brown, each with a subterminal blackish area and a distinct white tip; sides of head dark drab; chin and throat drab-gray; breast ashy brown, this color, faintly washed with olivaceous, extends onto sides of neck and breast and onto flanks; rest of under parts white with some streaks of pale yellow on breast; axillars and wing-lining white, washed with light yellow. Iris gray; eyelids lemon-yellow; bill and feet black. Length, about 185. A male from Luzon measures: Wing, 80; tail, 75; culmen from base, 15; bill from nostril, 9; tarsus, 16. A male from Bohol, wing, 78; tail, 73; culmen from base, 15; bill from nostril, 9; tarsus, 17. A male from Basilan, wing, 80; tail, 80; culmen from base, 17; bill from nostril, 10.5; tarsus, 17.

In specimens from Basilan the bill is slightly longer and the white spots on the rectrices occupy more space than in specimens from Luzon.

"The wattled bulbul is fairly common about fruit trees in the forest and in open fields. A male measures: Length, 187; wing, 78; tail, 81; culmen, 16; tarsus, 16; middle toe with claw, 17. A female, length, 174; wing, 78; tail, 80; culmen, 16; tarsus, 16; middle toe with claw, 17. Iris dark brown; legs, feet, and nails brown; bill black; eye-wattles yellow." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

Genus MICROTARSUS Eyton, 1839.

The Philippine species of the genus Microtarsus is characterized by its long tail-coverts, which are two-thirds the length of tail and nearly as long as the outermost pair of rectrices; rectrices graduated, and tipped with bright yellow; the colors are black and yellow.

489. MICROTARSUS MELANOCEPHALOS (Gmelin).

BLACK-HEADED BULBUL.

Lanius melanocephalos Gmelin, Syst. Nat. (1788), 1, pt. 1, 309. Micropus melanocephalus Sharpe, Cat. Birds, Brit. Mus. (1881), 6, 65; Oates, Fauna Brit. Ind. Bds. (1889), 1, 294, fig. 91 (tail). Microtarsus melanocephalus Sharpe, Hand-List (1901), 3, 315; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 80.

Palawan (Everett, Whitehead, Platen, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, McGregor, Celestino, White). Malay Peninsula, Burmese provinces, eastern Bengal, Sumatra, Java, Borneo.