Part 201

"Six males from Masbate average: Length, 229; wing, 106; tail, 92; culmen, 46; tarsus, 19; middle toe with claw, 23. Six females, length, 226; wing, 99; tail, 88; culmen, 27; tarsus, 18.5; middle toe with claw, 21. [The Masbate bulbul is I. guimarasensis].

"Four males from Cebu, length, 219; wing, 100; tail, 90; culmen, 51; tarsus, 18; middle toe with claw, 21. Four females from the same place, length, 205; wing, 94; tail, 83; culmen, 25; tarsus, 18; middle toe with claw, 21.

"Iris chocolate-brown; legs, feet, and nails dark brown; bill black, lower mandible sometimes dark brown." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

Two eggs of the Philippine bulbul collected by Whitehead at Cape Engaño, Luzon, in May, 1895, are described thus: "Shape ovate. Ground-color pure white, thickly speckled all over with brown, lake, and pale violet under-markings. Measurements 29 mm. by 20 mm. The nest which is constructed of fine roots, like that of other bulbuls, was placed in a bush in the vicinity of the forest." (Grant and Whitehead.)

483. IOLE GUIMARASENSIS Steere.

STEERE'S BULBUL.

Iole guimarasensis Steere, List Birds & Mams. Steere Exped. (1890), 19; Grant, Ibis (1896), 546; Whitehead, Ibis (1899), 215; McGregor, Pub. Govt. Labs. (1905), 25, 32; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 79. Iole philippinensis Bourns and Worcester, Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. Occ. Papers (1894), 1, 60 (part). Iole philippensis Sharpe, Hand-List (1901), 3, 313 (part).

Pá-la-go, Ticao, used for Pycnonotus also.

Bantayan (McGregor); Guimaras (Meyer, Steere Exp.); Masbate (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Negros (Steere, Everett, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Whitehead, Keay); Panay (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester); Ticao (McGregor); Verde (McGregor).

Adult.--Very similar to Iole gularis from which it differs only in being slightly larger and in having the throat and breast paler. Ten males from Masbate and Ticao yield the following extreme and average measurements: Wing, 102 to 111 (107); tail, 86 to 94 (90); exposed culmen, 22 to 25 (23); bill from nostril, 15 to 18 (17); tarsus, 19.5 to 23 (21). Nine females from the same localities measure: Wing, 98 to 106 (99); tail, 87 to 99 (88); exposed culmen, 20.5 to 25 (21); bill from nostril, 15 to 17 (16); tarsus, 18 to 22 (20).

"Doctor Steere separates the Iole from Panay, Guimaras, and Negros from the Luzon, Samar, Bohol, Cebu, Leyte, and Mindanao birds. He states that I. guimarasensis has the 'size and general coloring of I. rufigularis, with the light shaft-streaks of I. philippinensis.' The latter differences would not seem to be of special value in differentiating it from I. philippinensis and we can find nothing in the size or color of our large series of specimens from the central Philippines to warrant us in separating them from typical I. philippinensis [=gularis].

"Steere mentions the very different note of the Cebu birds. We were unable to perceive the slightest difference in the notes of the birds in question and incline to the opinion that the Doctor must have heard the note of I. monticola when he crossed over into Cebu." (Bourns and Worcester.)

484. IOLE MINDORENSIS Steere.

MINDORO BULBUL.

Iole mindorensis Steere, List Birds & Mams. Steere Exped. (1890), 19; Grant and Whitehead, Ibis (1898), 238, pl. 5, fig. 2 (egg); Whitehead, Ibis (1899), 215; Sharpe, Hand-List (1901), 3, 314; Oates and Reid, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1903), 3, 307; McGregor, Bur. Govt. Labs. Manila (1905), 34, 20 (nest and egg); McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 79.

Mindoro (Steere Exp., Schmacker, Bourns & Worcester, Whitehead, McGregor, Porter); Semirara (Worcester).

Adult.--Very much like Iole gularis, but chin and throat light drab-brown; whitish shaft-streaks less conspicuous than in either I. gularis or I. guimarasensis; sides of breast and flanks grayer; under parts with fewer streaks of pale yellow. Ten males measure: Wing, 102 to 107 (105); tail, 90 to 99 (95); exposed culmen, 21 to 24 (23); bill from nostril, 15 to 18 (17); tarsus, 18 to 21 (20); Four females, wing, 98 to 99 (98.5); tail, 91 to 95 (92); exposed culmen, 21 to 22 (21.5); bill from nostril, 15 to 16.5 (16); tarsus, 19 to 20 (19.8).

"Quite common in Mindoro. Two males average: Length, 222; wing, 100.5; tail, 91; culmen, 26; tarsus, 19; middle toe with claw, 22. A female, length, 235; wing, 97; tail, 90; culmen, 27; tarsus, 18.5; middle toe with claw, 21. Iris chocolate-brown; bill, legs, feet, and nails leaden." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

On April 2, 1905, I collected, in Mindoro, a nest with three eggs of this species. The ground-color of the eggs is white, under shell-markings faint lavender, and entire surface thickly and uniformly marked with elongated and twisted spots of reddish brown. The eggs measure: 26.1 by 18.2, 25.4 by 18, and 25.1 by 19.

The nest was composed of several leaves which were held in place by threads of a black hair-like fungus; cobweb and green moss in small quantities also entered into the construction. The lining consisted of a quantity of long slender fibers.

485. IOLE SIQUIJORENSIS Steere.

SIQUIJOR BULBUL.

Iole siquijorensis Steere, List Birds and Mams. Steere Exped. (1890), 19; Sharpe, Hand-List (1901), 3, 314; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 79.

Tig-ba-ya, Siquijor.

Siquijor (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Celestino).

Adult.--Forehead and entire top of head seal-brown; rest of upper parts, wings, and tail lighter brown, the feathers edged with dark olivaceous; tips of greater and median wing-coverts whitish, or light brown, forming two wing-bars; sides of head and neck light brown; chin, throat, and breast brown with a slight olivaceous wash, the feathers with white shaft-streaks, the streaks on chin and throat very wide; middle of lower breast, abdomen, under tail-coverts, axillars, and wing-lining white, faintly washed with pale yellow; sides, flanks, and thighs light drab-brown. A male measures: Wing, 133; tail, 121; culmen from base, 32; bill from nostril, 21; tarsus, 23. A female measures: Wing, 122; tail, 111; culmen from base, 31; bill from nostril, 20; tarsus, 23.

This distinct species may be recognized by its entirely seal-brown head.

"The Siquijor bulbul is found about low bushes in open fields, often in flocks. Twelve males average: Length, 279; wing, 132; tail, 118; culmen, 31; tarsus, 22; middle toe with claw, 25. Four females, wing, 121; tail, 109; culmen, 30; tarsus, 22; middle toe with claw, 23. Iris chocolate-brown; legs, feet, and nails brown, bottoms of feet yellowish; upper mandible black, lower black to dark brown." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)