Part 200

Iole striaticeps Sharpe, Ibis (1888), 200; Hand-List (1901), 3, 313; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 79.

Palawan (Whitehead).

"Adult female.--General color above olive-brown, with narrow whitish shaft-streaks to the feathers of the mantle and back; the lower back and rump uniform, the feathers of the latter very loose and fluffy and with pale tips; lesser wing-coverts brown, with a wash of olive; alula and primary-coverts dusky brown, with a reddish tinge and washed with olive externally; quills dark brown, externally pale olive-brown, rather more rufous toward the base of the secondaries; upper tail-coverts and tail-feathers light reddish brown with a slight edging of olive; crown of head brown, slightly contrasting with the back, all the feathers with narrow ashy white shaft-streaks; lores white, with a yellowish tinge; feathers below the eye and ear-coverts light brown, washed with yellow and having narrow whitish shaft-streaks; cheeks and under surface of body ashy white, with a strong tinge of yellow, the breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts clearer yellow; sides of body and flanks washed with olive-brown; thighs pale yellow; under wing-coverts and axillars pale yellow; quills below dusky brown, yellowish along the edge of the inner web. Length, 168; culmen, 18; wing, 81; tail, 70; tarsus, 19." (Sharpe.)

479. IOLE EVERETTI (Tweeddale).

EVERETT'S YELLOW BULBUL.

Criniger everetti Tweeddale, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (1877), 20, 535; Proc. Zool. Soc. (1877), 827, pl. 84. Iole everetti Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1881), 6, 57; Hand-List (1901), 3, 313; Whitehead, Ibis (1899), 215; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 79.

Dinagat (Everett); Leyte (Steere Exp., Whitehead); Mindanao (Everett, Goodfellow, Celestino); Panaon (Everett); Samar (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Whitehead).

Adult male.--Above bright olive-yellow; primaries, secondaries, and rectrices mostly dark brown, their exposed webs olive-yellow; shafts of the rectrices light yellow below; sides of face faintly washed with brown; feathers on jaw with black shafts; chin yellow, the shafts of the feathers black and extending beyond the webs; throat and fore breast light rufescent brown, washed with yellow; rest of under parts yellow; sides, flanks, and upper thighs darker; middle of abdomen, lower thighs, crissum, axillars, and wing-lining light egg-yellow. Length of a male, 198; wing, 116; tail, 105; culmen from base, 28; bill from nostril, 19; tarsus, 20. The female is similar to the male.

"Everett's yellow bulbul is a deep-woods bird, and a hill bird as well. In Samar I. philippinensis [=gularis] is found about the open fields and in the forests of the lowlands, but as soon as one goes a few hundred feet up on the hills I. everetti takes its place. Three males average, 248 in length; wing, 112; tail, 96; tarsus, 20.5; middle toe with claw, 24; culmen, 27. A female measures, 229 in length; wing, 96; tail, 89; culmen, 27; tarsus, 20; middle toe with claw, 22. Iris chocolate-brown; legs, feet, and nails leaden; upper mandible nearly black, lower gray." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

480. IOLE HAYNALDI (Blasius).

HAYNALD'S YELLOW BULBUL.

Criniger haynaldi Blasius, Jour. für Orn. (1890), 143. Iole haynaldi Sharpe, Ibis (1894), 253; Hand-List (1901), 3, 313; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 79.

Bongao (Everett); Sibutu (Everett); Sulu (Platen, Bourns & Worcester); Tawi Tawi (Bourns & Worcester).

Adult.--Similar to Iole everetti, but smaller and the upper parts darker and browner; wings much darker, their exposed webs olive-brown; edges of rectrices darker; under parts lighter yellow; axillars and wing-lining pale yellow. A male measures: Wing, 109; tail, 100; culmen from base, 29; bill from nostril, 18; tarsus, 20. A female, wing, 104; tail, 100; culmen from base, 29; bill from nostril, 18; tarsus, 21.

"Haynald's yellow bulbul is extremely abundant in Sulu and Tawi Tawi. It is a woods bird which does not seem to come out into the open. Fifteen males average: Length, 240; wing, 108; tail, 99; culmen, 27; tarsus, 19; middle toe with claw, 23. Twelve females average, length, 232; wing, 106; tail, 98; culmen, 27; tarsus, 19; middle toe with claw, 22. Iris reddish brown; legs, feet, and nails light brown to slaty brown; upper mandible black, lower leaden gray." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

481. IOLE RUFIGULARIS (Sharpe).

RUFOUS-THROATED BULBUL.

Hypsipetes rufigularis Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. 2d. ser. Zool. (1877), 1, 335. Iole rufigularis Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1881), 6, 57, pl. 3; Hand-List (1901), 3, 313; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 79.

Basilan (Steere, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester); Mindanao (Murray, Everett, Steere Exp.).

Adult.--Forehead, crown, and occiput dark brown, shafts of the feathers blackish and their edges slate; rest of upper parts lighter brown, the feathers with olivaceous edges and ashy or slate-gray tips; wings dark brown, the outer webs of the feathers lighter and narrowly edged with olivaceous; tail similar; lores and sides of head dull brown; chin, throat, and fore breast tawny or light tan-brown, darker on breast; sides of breast washed with olive; shafts of chin-feathers black and produced beyond the webs; shafts of breast-feathers a trifle lighter than their webs; rest of the under parts white, the feathers edged with pale yellow, producing a streaked appearance; flanks more or less washed with brown; axillars and under wing-coverts white, washed with pale yellow. The sexes are similar in colors. A male from Basilan measures: Length, 255; wing, 123; tail, 105; culmen from base, 29; bill from nostril, 17; tarsus, 21. A female from Basilan, wing, 117; tail, 114; culmen from base, 25; bill from nostril, 16; tarsus, 21.

"The rufous-throated bulbul is common in Mindanao and Basilan; it is found along edges of forest, in second growth, and in guava bushes. Two males average: Length, 238; wing, 111; tail, 98; culmen, 26; tarsus, 19; middle toe with claw, 23. A female, length, 241; wing, 106; tail, 95; tarsus, 20; middle toe with claw, 22. Iris dark brown; legs and feet brown to nearly black; bill black." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

482. IOLE GULARIS (Pucheran).

PHILIPPINE BULBUL.

Turdus philippensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. (1788), 1, 814 (not of Müller, 1776, nor of Boddaert, 1783). Philedon gularis "Cuvier," Pucheran, Arch. du Mus. d'Hist. Nat. [Paris], (1855), 7, 344, pl. 18. Iole philippensis Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit Mus. (1881), 6, 58; Hand-List (1901), 3, 313 (part); Grant and Whitehead, Ibis (1898), 238 (eggs); Whitehead, Ibis (1899), 215; Oates and Reid, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1903), 3, 307; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 79.

Tug-bi-á, Bohol; pa-nu-cá, Lubang; tam-si, Manila.

Banton (Celestino); Bohol (Steere Exp., McGregor); Cebu (Meyer, Murray, Everett, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Leyte (Everett, Steere Exp.); Lubang (McGregor); Luzon (Kittlitz, Meyer, Möllendorff, Everett, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Whitehead, McGregor); Marinduque (Steere Exp.); Mindanao (Everett, Koch & Schadenberg, Goodfellow); Panaon (Everett); Samar (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester).

Adult.--Similar to Iole rufigularis, but smaller, and easily recognized by the more rufescent chin and throat and the very distinct white, or whitish, shaft-lines on these parts. The sexes are similar in colors. Extreme and average measurements of ten males from Mariveles, Bataan Province, Luzon, are as follows: Wing, 96 to 104 (100); tail, 88 to 90 (89); exposed culmen, 20 to 22 (20.5); bill from nostril, 15 to 16 (15.5); tarsus, 18 to 21 (20). Ten females from the same locality measure: Wing, 91 to 100 (94); tail, 81 to 89 (85); exposed culmen, 19 to 22 (19.5); bill from nostril, 15 to 16 (15.5); tarsus, 19 to 22 (20).

"Found about fruit trees in the forest, but more abundant in the open country, so far as our observation goes. Masbate birds are larger than those from the other islands, as the following measurements will show.