Part 41

=tumfafiya=, Calotropis procera, R. Br. (Asclepiadeæ). “Dead Sea” or “Sodom Apple.” (Arab. ashur, and closely related to the Indian mudar or ak—Calotropis gigantea). A large “Milkweed,” a common shrub of peculiar appearance with broad hoary-white leaves and milky juice, umbels of pink and purplish flowers and bladdery capsular fruit; only found near habitations and used in many ways, medicinally, for cordage, &c.

=tumkiya=, a grass; (applied loosely to several plants with white flowers or pale foliage). cf. =Ba-Fillatani=, and =karani=.

=tumkiyar rafi= (Sok., &c.), Heliotropium ovalifolium, Forsk. (Boragineæ). A coarse weed with small white flowers; used medicinally.

=tumniya=, vide =tinya=.

=tumu=, ears of early ripening =gero= or =maiwa= and other cereals excluding maize, eaten roasted (not boiled, &c.).

=tumuku=, Coleus dysentericus, Baker (Labiatæ). A cultivated annual with tuberous potato-like root.

=tumukun biri=, Syncolostemon ocymoides, Sch. et Thon. (Labiatæ). A wild plant very similar to the above, with small tubers. Syn. ?=sankwo= (Kano).

=tumukun suri=, Potaxon pistillaris, Fr. An erect club-shaped fungus with brown dusty spores as in the puff-ball, commonly found on ant-hills. Synonyms numerous, e.g. =muruchin jibba= or =m. jibji= (Kano), =wutar barewa= (the Beri Beri equivalent, from the smoke-like cloud of spore-dust when burst), =tabar angulu=, =tabar kura=, =geron kantu=.

=tumun shalla=, vide =shalla=.

=tuna= (often pronounced =tunam= or =tunas=), Pseudocedrela Kotschyi, Harms. (Meliaceæ). A tree with undulate-edged leaves like the oak; a good timber; bark used medicinally.

=tun jamjam= (?Hausa), flowers of the tamarind-tree; vide under =tsamiya=.

=turgunuwa=, vide =lalu=.

=turri=, a dye; generally a synonym for =gangamu= or turmeric, q.v.

=tursuje= (Ful.), Hæmatostaphis Barteri, Hook. f. (Anacardiaceæ). A tree with pendulous racemes of purple plum-like edible fruit; bark used medicinally. “Blood Plum.”

=tururubi=, Lasiosyphon Kraussii, Meisn. (Thymeleæ). A small erect herb with yellow heads of flowers and a thickened root; leaf and root are very poisonous.

=turu turu=, vide under =ḍorowa=.

=tutar yan sariki=, vide =sutura=.

=tutubidi=, vide =babar more=.

=tuwon biri=, vide under =doya=.

=tuwon ḅaure=, vide under =alkama=.

=twashshi=, vide under =barkono=.

=U=

=umara=, vide =kokara=.

=uwa banza=?, vide =gizaki=.

=uwar maganni=, Urena sinuata, Linn. (Malvaceæ). A shrub 6 to 8 feet high with pink flowers and deeply lobed leaves, planted in compounds (Sokoto West) for its strong fibrous bark used for cordage. (Etym. ?=uwar magami=, “mother of joinings”). This species is scarcely distinguishable from the wild U. lobata, or =ramaniya=, q.v. and is often so named.

=uwar mangunguna= (Sok. Zanf., &c.), Securidaca longipedunculata, Fres. (Polygalaceæ). vide =sainyia=. (Etym. “mother of medicines”).

=uwar yara= (Kano, Katagum, &c.); Ficus capensis, Thunb. (Urticaceæ). A species of fig-tree with dense clusters of edible figs growing on the trunk and older branches. (Etym. from the abundant fruiting clusters). Syn. =haguguwa= (Kano, Bauchi, &c.), =garicha= (Zanfara), and =farin ḅaure=.

=W=