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📘 Start with the parents’ genotypes

A Punnett square begins with genotypes, not with the visible trait alone. Use one letter pair for the gene you are tracking: an uppercase letter can stand for a dominant allele and a lowercase letter for a recessive allele, as long as your

3
lessons
~15 min
to learn
Adults
level
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What you’ll learn

  1. Build the squareSet up parent genotypes, gamete headers, and offspring cells.Each interior cell is one equally likely allele combination under the model.
  2. Phenotypes and parentsCount genotype ratios and translate them with a stated dominance rule.Phenotype alone may hide whether a dominant-looking parent is BB or Bb.
  3. Probability and limitsUse test crosses and probability language with explicit model limits.Ratios are expectations across many events, not guarantees for one family.

Questions this course answers

What belongs on the edges of a Punnett square?

Each gamete carries one allele for the gene, so the possible gamete alleles form the row and column headers.

Under complete dominance, which genotypes show the dominant phenotype?

One dominant allele is sufficient under the stated complete-dominance model.

What does a 25% probability mean for each offspring event?

Probability describes an expected proportion across comparable events, not a guaranteed family sequence.

Why can phenotype fail to identify genotype?

A dominant phenotype can result from either a homozygous or heterozygous genotype in this model.

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