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📘 How a hot spring stays hot

Follow groundwater through deep rock, geothermal heat, faults, mixing, and mineral-rich discharge.

lessons

~10 min

to learn

🔬 Science

subject

Adults

level

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What you’ll learn

Rainfall recharge
Geothermal gradient
Convection loop
Fault pathway
Mixing
Mineral load
Steady discharge
Chemistry and life
Human withdrawals
A moving heat budget

Questions this course answers

What is the geothermal gradient?

The crust generally becomes warmer downward.

Why can warm water rise in a convection loop?

Density differences drive circulation through connected pathways.

What role can a fault play?

A permeable fault can connect the heated reservoir to an outlet.

Why do mineral terraces form?

Changing temperature and chemistry at the outlet promotes precipitation.

How can pumping affect a hot spring?

A spring is part of a connected groundwater system.

Grounded in trusted sources

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Every Wunder lesson is built from real, reputable sources — never invented.

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