Part 9

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THE ABBOT'S COURTYARD AND THE ENTRANCE TO THE JERUSALEM CHAMBER

This little paved yard has borne its present name ever since the days of the Westminster abbots, for the buildings all round belonged to the Abbot's lodgings. Here, for instance, is the fine hall where the Abbot used to dine, and where the Westminster scholars still have their meals. We cannot see this in the picture, but immediately facing us is the entrance to the Jerusalem Chamber and Jericho parlour, the Abbot's guest-rooms. The old bedrooms above also formed part of the Abbot's house, and are now used by the Dean. The whole of this, including the Jericho parlour, the windows of which we can see below, was probably built, in the reign of King Henry VII., by Abbot Islip. The Jerusalem Chamber dates from an earlier period, the fourteenth century.

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Many and diverse are the purposes for which the Abbot's withdrawing-room has been utilised since the dissolution of the monastery. More than one coffin has rested here before the interment; the most notable was that of Sir Isaac Newton, when the Chamber was thronged with distinguished men from all parts of Europe. The least reputable was the famous occasion when the painted, bedizened body of a notorious actress, whose charms were extolled by Horace Walpole and sneered at by Alexander Pope, was brought into these monastic precincts, and afterwards buried inside the church itself. Wedding as well as funeral parties assemble in this room from time to time, and the Chamber is occasionally lent by the Dean for special meetings. Thus the revisers of the Old Testament carried out their onerous task, the work of several years, seated round this table. Long before, in the seventeenth century, a very different body of men had met here, when the Westminster Assembly, driven from Henry VII.'s Chapel by {139} the freezing cold, moved into the warmer atmosphere of the Dean's house, and held many a stormy debate in this peaceful old-world place.

From Jerusalem we pass into the Jericho parlour; this room, and the bedrooms above it, were built in the sixteenth century, probably by Abbot Islip, who was like Litlington a great builder; the fine linen scroll panelling round the walls dates from an earlier period, and in the window hang more remains of ancient glass. A door leads from the Deanery into the lobby outside, and at the end of a dark passage is the Dean's private entrance to the Abbey, which opens into the nave beneath the "Abbot's Pew." We have referred once or twice to the Commonwealth era, when Presbyterian ministers preached in the church, and the Deanery was leased for a while to the Lord President of the Council, John Bradshaw. We seem even now, after the lapse of over two hundred years, to see the striking figure of the regicide, his stern features concealed by his favourite broad-brimmed hat, stride across the darkness to the little door in the wall, whence he ascended to the secluded study in the triforium, where he loved to meditate amongst his books. But enough of these fascinating memories. Our own pilgrimage is drawing to {140} a close; we retrace our steps through the Abbot's courtyard and emerge from the twilight of the cloisters into the sunshine of Dean's Yard, turning for a moment before we part to look up at the window of the "long room," which, with his private chapel behind it, was built by our friend Litlington. On each side of the gateway below it are the heads of the Abbot himself and of his sovereign, Richard II. Part of the ancient refectory wall is concealed behind bookcases in the Abbot's long room, and there are other remains of monastic times in the Deanery, which is a rambling old house, added to by successive Deans, with many a picturesque corner and secret chamber. Let us take leave of one another standing under the old elm-trees, some of which were planted in Elizabeth's reign by Feckenham, the last Abbot, and here complete our morning's walk round the church and precincts of St. Peter's, Westminster.

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Index

Abbot, 6, 12, 26, 27, 122, 125, 135 Abbot's courtyard, 135, 140 long room, 140 Pew, 22, 40, 139 Abbots' Chapel, 107 tombs, 135 Abbotsford, 48 Abraham, heights of, 108 Adams, J. C., 119 Addison, Joseph, 36, 46, 101 Afghanistan, 33 Agincourt, battle of, 84 Albemarle, William de Fortibus, Earl of, 59 Alfonzo, Prince, 64 Almenara, battle of, 34 Altar, Jesus, 25 high, 24, 57 Ambulatory, north, 105 south, 62 Andre, Major, 36 Andrew, St., Chapel of, 45, 109 Andrews, St., Archbishop of, 53 Angelo, Michael, 94 Anne, Queen, 61, 88, 96, 112 grave, and wax effigy, 101 Anne of Bohemia, 68, 72, 81, 82 Anne of Cleves, 61 Anne of Denmark, 94 Anne, St., 105 Anne's Gate, Queen, 10 Argyll, Duchess of, 7 Armada, Spanish, 136 Arnold, Matthew, 28 Arnold, Dr. Samuel, 118 Arnold, Dr. Thomas, 28 Ashburnham House, 134 Atterbury, Dean, 14, 23, 50, 55 Aveline, Countess of Lancaster, 59

Bacon, John, sculptor, 114 Balfe, Michael, 118 Baptistery, 23, 28 Barnet, battle of, 66 Barton Street, 45 Barry, Sir Charles, 32 Barry, Mrs., 45 Barry, Spranger, 124 Bath, Knights of the, 34, 91 Beaufort family, 88 Becket, Archbishop Thomas a, 57 Belfry, 23 Benedict, St., Chapel of, 52, 62 Benedictines, 3, 62, 121 Bennett, Sir W. Sterndale, 118 Benson, auditor, 50 Beranger, Raymond de, Count of Provence, 41 Bermondsey convent, 129 Betterton, Thomas, 124 Bill, Dean, 62 Blackfriars, 77 Blaise, St., Chapel of, 129, 131 Blake, Admiral, 8, 95, 101 Blanche of the Tower, 66 Blenheim, battle of, 96 Blore, 56 Blow, Dr., 118 Boehm, sculptor, 94 Boer War, 123 Bohemia, arms of, 82 King of, 82 Bohun, family of de, 87 Booth, Barton, 44 Bosworth, battle of, 89 Bourchier, Sir Humphrey, 66 Bracegirdle, Mrs., 124 Bradley, Dean, 22, 128 Bradshaw, John, regicide, 95, 139 Bray, Sir Reginald, 92 Brazilian Navy, 34 Brigham, Nicholas, 51 Bringfield, Colonel, 96 Brocas, Sir Bernard, 36 Brock, sculptor, 111 Browning, Robert, 52 Brunel, Isamberd, 120 Buckingham, Countess of, 85 Buckingham, Duke and Duchess of, 97 Buckland, Dean, 120 Burgundy, 133 Burleigh, Lord, 67 Burney, Dr., 118 Burney, Fanny, Madame d'Arblay, 118 Burns, Robert, 48 Busby, Dr., 44, 53, 56 Buxton, Sir T. Fowell, 117 Byrcheston, Abbot, 122

Cabul, 33 Calais, 75, 79, 104 Calcutta, 116 Campbell, Sir Colin, Lord Clyde, 32 Campbell, Thomas, 48 Canning, Earl, 113 Canning, George, 113 Canning, Stratford, Viscount de Redcliffe, 113 Canterbury, Archbishop of, 57, 62 Cathedral, 68 Carnatic, 117 Caroline, Queen, 98 Casaubon, Isaac, 43 Castlereagh, Viscount, 113 Catherine of Braganza, Queen, 36 Catherine, Princess, 63 Catherine, St., 63 Chapel of, 134 Cavendish, William, first Duke of Newcastle, 112 Caxton, William, 121 Cecil, Anne, Countess of Oxford, 67 Cecil, Mildred, Lady Burleigh, 67 Cecil, Sir Robert, Earl of Salisbury, 67 Cecil, Robert, Marquess of Salisbury, 68, 112 Cecil, William, Lord Burleigh, 67 Chamberlain, Dr., 98 Chandernagore, 116 Chapter House, 16, 61, 124-130 crypt, 130, 133 library, 13, 131, 133 Charing Cross, 77 Charles I., King, 13, 85, 97, 112, 137 Charles II., King, 36, 38, 88, 95, 97, 99, 101, 102, 104 Charles IV., Emperor, 82 Chaucer, Geoffrey, 48, 49, 51, 52, 85 Chilian Navy, 34 Choir, 23, 24 boys, 134 north aisle, 118 south aisle, 37 screen, 25 Cibber, Mrs., 124 Claypole, Elizabeth, Lady, 96 Clayton and Bell, 128 Clive, Lord, 116 Cloisters, 26, 54, 121, 122, 123, 134, 135 Little, 133 Cobden, Richard, 115 Cochrane, Thomas, Earl of Dundonald, 34 Coleridge, S. T., 48 College Garden, 134 Hall, 135 Colt, Maximilian, sculptor, 104 Commons, House of, 111, 126 Commonwealth, 95, 107, 133, 139 Congreve, William, 40 Coote, Sir Eyre, 116 Coromandel, 116 Coronation, 7 chairs, 72, 79, 95, 106 service, 129, 133 Coverley, Sir Roger de, 102 Cowley, Abraham, 52 Cowley Street, 45 Cowper, William, 110 Craggs, James, 28, 102, 119 Crawford, Ann, 124 Crecy, battle of, 82 Creed, Major, 96 Crimean War, 33 Croft, Dr., 118 Cromwell, Oliver, 8, 79, 95, 96 Crull, 15 Crusaders, 60 Crusades, 75, 76

Danes, 3, 69, 129, 130 Darnley, Henry Stuart, Earl of, 98 Darwin, Charles, 31, 119 Daubeney, Sir Giles and Lady, 85 Dean, 22, 135, 136, 139 and Chapter, 13, 28, 50, 125 Dean's Yard, 43, 123, 134, 140 Little, 134 Deanery, 23, 27, 136, 139, 140 Delavel family, 85 Derby, Earl of, 89 Dickens, Charles, 46 Disraeli, Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield, 111 Dolben, Dean, 13, 14 Doomsday Book, 126 Dorset, Anne, Countess of, 49 Dryden, John, 35, 52 Dunk, G. Montagu, Earl of Halifax, 102

Editha, Lady, 74 Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Lancaster, 59, 60 Edmund, St., Chapel of, 36, 64, 80, 81 Edward, St., the Confessor, 3, 4, 5, 9, 12, 25, 69, 130, 132 altar of, 70, 71 arms of, 41 chapel of, 68-83 shrine of, 5, 27, 57, 64, 70, 71, 74, 84, 102, 137 Edward I., 12, 25, 61, 63, 75, 77, 122, 125, 130 tomb of, 78, 83, 105 Edward II., 26, 64, 65, 71, 78 Edward III., 26, 36, 66, 79 tomb of, 68, 80, 81 Edward IV., 26, 27, 72, 89 Edward V., 27, 104 Edward VI., 90, 126 Edward, the Black Prince, 66, 68, 81 Edwardes, Sir Herbert, 33 Eleanor of Aquitaine, 75 Eleanor de Bohun, Duchess of Gloucester, 66, 81 Eleanor of Castile, 76 tomb of, 58, 73, 77, 84, 106 Elizabeth, Queen, 3, 6, 49, 62, 63, 67, 105, 109, 136, 140 tomb of, 100, 103 wax effigy, 103 Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, 99 Elizabeth Woodville, 17, 104, 107 Elizabeth of York, 89 Erasmus, St., Chapel of, 107 Essex, Earl of, 43 Esteney, Abbot, 11, 12, 108 Evesham, battle of, 59

Fairborne, Sir Palmes, 35 Faith, St., Chapel of, 46, 55, 129-131 Feckenham, Abbot, 72, 78, 140 Flanders, 75 Follett, Sir W., 114 Font, 23 Fox, Charles James, 30, 114 France, 74, 75, 87, 89 Franklin, Sir John, 111 Freind, Dr. John, 119 Freind, Robert, 119 Froissart, John, 80 Front, north, 14, 15, 26 west, 12, 15, 27

Garrick, David and Mrs., 44, 45 Gay, John, 47 George I., 38, 91 George II., 98 George III., 23, 37 George, Royal, wreck of the, 110 Gethin, Lady Grace, 40 Ghereah, 116 Gifford, William, 42 Gladstone, W. E., 111 Godwin, Earl, 70 Goldschmidt, Jenny Lind, 46 Goldsmith, Oliver, 47 Goodman, Dean, 42, 63 Gordon, Charles, General, 29 Gower, John, 52 Grabe, George, 30 Graham, George, 120 Grattan, Henry, 114 Gray, Thomas, 49, 50, 51 Grey Frances, Duchess of Suffolk, tomb of. See illustration Grote, George, 42

Hainault, 85 Halidon Hill, battle of, 65 Halifax, 102 Earls of, 102 Handel, G. F., 46 Hanoverian family, 98 Harbord and Cottrell monument, 103 Harold, King, 70 Hastings, Warren, 115 Hatfield, 68 Havelock, General, 32 Hawkesmore, 11, 14, 15 Henley, Abbot, 126 Henrietta Maria, Queen, 137 Henry I., 74 Henry II., 57 Henry III., 4, 5, 12, 24, 25, 41, 55, 57, 59, 64, 65, 74, 92, 122 tomb of, 58, 72, 73, 75, 106 Henry IV., 26, 82, 83, 84, 106, 137 Henry V., 26, 69, 72, 82, 84, 86, 87, 137 Chantry Chapel of, 83, 87 Henry VI., 26, 69, 86, 92 Henry VII., 11, 12, 23, 27, 85, 86, 91, 92, 107, 129 Chapel of, 16, 23, 24, 31, 34, 54, 85, 88, 89, 100, 138 Henry VIII., 5, 62, 63, 71, 72, 73, 92, 98, 107 Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, 99 Henry, Duke of Gloucester, 99 Herschel, Sir John, 30, 31, 119 Hertford, Frances, Countess of, 62 Hill, Mrs. Jane, 27 Holland, 75 Holles, John, third Duke of Newcastle, 112 Holy Land, 60, 76, 137 Hope, Adrian, brigadier, 33 Horneck, William, 29 Horrocks, Benjamin, 30 Howard, Lord, of Effingham, 62 Hyde, Edward, Earl of Clarendon, 88 Hyder Ali, 117

India Company, East, 116 Infirmary, monks', 134 Inigo Jones, 134 Ireland, Dean, 42 Ireton, Henry, General, 95 Islip, Abbot, 11, 12, 13, 108, 139 Islip Chapel, 101, 103, 105, 107 Islip Roll, 121 Italy, 58, 75

James I., 43, 53, 94, 99, 100, 103 James II., 88 James, Duke of York, 103 Jericho parlour, 139 Jerusalem Chamber, 22, 84, 135, 137, 138, 139 John of Gaunt, 51, 83, 88 John, Prince, of Eltham, 65 canopy of tomb, 106 John, St., the Baptist, 127 Chapel of, 107, 108 John, St., the Evangelist, 70, 71 Chapel of, 109 John, St., Lateran, 71 Johnson, Dr. Samuel, 44, 47, 118 Jonson, Ben, 48, 49, 50 Joseph, sculptor, 117 Joule, James Prescott, 119

Kane, Richard, 117 Katherine of Valois, Queen, 86 Keate, Dr., 53 Keats, John, 42 Keble, John, 28 Kemble, John, 45, 110 Kempenfelt, Admiral, 110 King's College Chapel, Cambridge, 90 King's Langley, 82 King Street, 49 Kingsley, Charles, 28 Kirton, Ann, 110 Kneller, Sir Godfrey, 38, 119

Lady Chapel, 24, 51, 86, 92, 107 Lamb, Charles, 37, 44 Lambeth, 10 Lancaster, Earls of, 60 family badge, 60, 88 Langham, Archbishop, 26, 62, 122, 123 Laurence, Abbot, 70 Lawrence, John, Lord, 32, 33, 113 Lawrence, Sir Henry, 33 Lawrence, Major Stringer, 116 Lawrence, William, 124 Lennox, Dukes and Duchesses of, 96 Lennox, Earl and Countess of, 98, 99 Liber Regalis, 121, 129 Limoges, 64 Lincoln, 77 Lister, Jane, 124 Litlington, Abbot, 26, 46, 62, 123, 124, 134, 135, 136, 139, 140 Litlington Missal, 121, 129 Livingstone, David, 31 Llewellyn, Prince of Wales, 64 Locke, Joseph, 120 Longfellow, H. W., 53 Louis, St., King of France, 59 Lovell, Sir Thomas, 93, 100 Lowell, J. R., 128 Lucas, Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle, 40, 112 Lucknow, 32, 33 Lyell, Sir Charles, 120 Lytton, Edward Bulwer, Earl of, 66

Macaulay, Lord, 46, 116, 117 Macaulay, Zachary, 30, 117 Makonnen, Ras, 91 Mansfield, William Murray, Earl of, 114 Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby, 89, 93, 94, 100 Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox, 98 Margaret, St., Church of, 9, 10, 95 Marlborough, Duke of, 30, 96 Mary, Princess of Orange, 99 Mary, Princess, 104 Mary Tudor, Queen, 6, 62, 63, 71, 72, 75 tomb of, 103 Mary II., Queen, 94, 101 Mary, Queen of Scots, 98, 99, 100 Mason, William, 49 Matilda, Queen, 74 Maundy, 122 Maurice, F. D., 28 Mead, Dr., 98, 119 Meg, Long, 135 Menai Bridge, 120 Michael, St., Chapel of, 110, 112 Milton, John, 49, 50, 51 Minorca, 117 Mint, the, 132 Monastery, Westminster, 4, 62, 121, 122, 125, 132 Dissolution of the, 5, 121, 126, 138 Monck, General, Duke of Albemarle, 101, 102 Montagu, Charles, first Earl of Halifax, 102 Montagu, Edward, Admiral, Earl of Sandwich, 102 Montague, Captain, 28 Montfort, Simon de, Earl of Leicester, 59 Moors, 35, 36 Muniment Room, 55 Musicians' Aisle, 118 Mutiny, Indian, 32, 33, 113

Napoleon, 114 Navarre, 133 Nave, 11, 14, 15, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 37, 49, 105, 139 Nelson, Admiral, 12, 48 wax effigy, 108 Neville family, 93 Newcastle tombs, 112 Newcastle-on-Tyne, bridge, 107 Newton, Sir Isaac, 35, 119, 138 Nicholas, St., Chapel of, 66, 67, 105 Nightingale, Lady Elizabeth, 110 Norman church and cloister, 61, 74, 122, 131, 133, 134, 135 Norris family tomb, 109 Northumberland, Duchess of, 105 Nova Scotia, 102

Odericus, 71 Oldfield, Ann, 45, 138 Orchard, John, 80 Organ screen, 24, 56 pipes, 129 Oude, 33 Outram, Sir James, 32

Pall Mall, 37 Palmerston, Lord, 113 Paoli, Pasquale de, 39 Parliament, Houses of, 9, 16, 32, 112, 114, 126, 127 Paul, St., Chapel of, 85, 105, 120 Paul's, St., Cathedral, 80 Peabody, George, 31 Pearce, Dean Zachary, 86 Pearson, John, 14, 15, 32 Peel, Sir Robert, 111 Peninsular War, 34 Peter, St., 3, 4, 10 Peter, the Roman, 71 Peter's, St., College, 134 Philippa, Queen, 66, 68, 72, 79, 80 tomb of, 80, 84 Pitt, William, Earl of Chatham, monument, 114, 115 wax effigy, 108 Pitt, William, the younger, 21, 114 Plantagenets, 82 Poets' Corner, 41, 48, 50, 102, 118 Poictiers, battle of, 82 Pollock, Sir George, 33 Pope, Alexander, 29, 39, 119, 120, 138 Presbyterians, 139 Prior, the, 26, 121 Pritchard, Hannah, 45 Protestants, 137 Puckering, Sir John and Lady, 105 Pulteney, William, Earl of Bath, 78, 105 Punjaub, 33 Purcell, Henry, 118 Puritans, 137 Pym, John, 106 Pyx, Chapel of the, 69, 129, 131, 132, 133

Quebec, 108

Raffles, Sir Stamford, 117 Ramillies, battle of, 96 Refectory, 134, 140 Regalia, 133 Reredos, 57 Restoration, 95, 101, 107, 112, 133 Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 47 Richard II., King, 15, 26, 55, 66, 68, 72, 81, 82, 83, 84, 129, 140 picture of, 61 tomb of, 76, 81 Richard III., 89 Richard, King of the Romans, 41 Richard, Duke of York, 104 Richmond, Duke of, and Lennox, 96 Robsert, Ludovick, Lord, 85 Roet, Sir Payne, 85 Rood screen, 25 Roubiliac, sculptor, 35, 110 Rupert, Prince, 99, 101 Ruskin, John, 39, 46 Ruthall, John, Bishop of Durham, 107 Rysbrack, sculptor, 35

Sanctuary, 24, 56, 83 Sandwich, Earl of, 102 Saunders, Sir Clement, 109 Scilly Isles, 38 Scone, stone of, 61, 79 Scotland, 77, 79, 133 Scott, Sir Gilbert, 14, 32, 57, 72, 80, 127, 128, 129, 131 Scott, Sir Walter, 46 Sebert, King, 61 Shaftesbury, Earl of, 30 Shakespeare, William, monument of, 44, 45, 47 plays of, 7, 106, 137, 138 Sharp, Granville, 117 Sheffield, John, Duke of Buckinghamshire, and Duchess, 97, 102 Sheridan, R. B., 47 Shovel, Sir Cloudesley, 38 Shrewsbury, battle of, 106 Siddons, Mrs., 45, 110 Singapore, 117 Somerset, Duke of, the Protector, 62, 67, 73, 90 Somerset, Duchess of, 67 Sophia, Princess, 104 South, Dr. R., 53, 54 Southey, Robert, 48 Spain, 74, 75 Spenser, Edmund, 48, 49, 52 Spottiswoode, Archbishop, 53 Stamford, 67 Stanhope, Earls, 34 Stanley, Dean, 28, 39, 42, 66, 86, 91, 94, 95, 128, 137 Stanley, Lady Augusta, 94 Statesmen's Aisle, 41, 111 Staunton, Sir George, 29 Stephenson, Robert, 120 Stokes, Sir William, 119 Strode, William, 107 Stuart, Arabella, 99 Stuart, Charles, Earl of Lennox, 99 Stuart, Frances, Duchess of Richmond and Lennox, 96 Stuarts, 54, 88, 98, 101 Sussex, county of, 74