Westminster Abbey

Part 1

E-text prepared by Al Haines

Transcriber's notes:

Page numbers in this book are indicated by numbers enclosed in curly braces, e.g. {99}. They have been located where page breaks occurred in the original book. For its Index, a page number has been placed only at the start of that section.

The page numbers in the List of Illustrations are those in the original book. However, in this e-book, to avoid the splitting of paragraphs, the illustrations may have been moved one (or more) pages preceding or following.

In the original book, each illustration was on its own leaf, prefaced by a separate onion-skin leaf containing the description of that illustration. In the text version of this e-book, each pair of illustrations and descriptions is set off from the text with a separator line of asterisks.

The original book did not have a Table of Contents. One has been added for convenience.

WESTMINSTER ABBEY

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* * * *

THE NORTH TRANSEPT

Here is represented the north front as it appeared before the last restoration, i.e. we see the handiwork of the eighteenth century and the facade as remodelled under the superintendence of Sir Christopher Wren. The modern front was constructed about twenty years ago.

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WESTMINSTER ABBEY

Painted by

JOHN FULLEYLOVE, R.I.

Described by

MRS. A. MURRAY SMITH

Author of 'The Annals of Westminster Abbey,' 'The Roll Call of Westminster Abbey,' Etc.

With Twenty-One Full-Page Illustrations in Colour

London Adam and Charles Black 1906

Published August 30, 1904 Reprinted, with corrections, March 1906

MY HUSBAND

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

A Walk Round Westminster Abbey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Part 2

1. The North Transept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frontispiece

FACING PAGE

2. View of the Abbey and St. Margaret's Church from Whitehall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3. The West Front . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

4. The Chapter House and East End of Henry VII.'s Chapel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

5. The Interior of the Nave, looking East . . . . . . . . . . 24

6. St. Edmund's Chapel, showing the Tomb of the Duchess of Suffolk, Lady Jane Grey's mother . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

7. Interior of the South Transept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

8. Chaucer's Tomb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

9. View of the Choir and Nave, looking West from the High Altar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

10. The South Ambulatory, looking West down the South Choir Aisle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

11. Early Brasses and Picturesque Tombs in St. Edmund's Chapel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

12. The West End of the Confessor's Shrine, with the Modern Altar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

13. The Tomb of Henry III. from St. Edward's Chapel . . . . . 76

14. St. Edward's Shrine and the Chantry Chapel of Henry V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

15. The Tomb of Queen Philippa and the Chantry Chapel of Henry V. from the South Ambulatory . . . . . . . . . . 88

16. The Chapel of Henry VII., looking East . . . . . . . . . . 90

17. The Coronation Chair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

18. The North Ambulatory, showing the Steps which lead up to Henry VII.'s Chapel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

19. Interior of the North Transept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

20. The South Transept and Chapter House from Dean's Yard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

21. The Abbot's Courtyard and the Entrance to the Jerusalem Chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

The illustrations in this volume were engraved in England by The Hentschel Colourtype Process.

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INTRODUCTION

"Kings are thy nursing fathers and their queens thy nursing mothers." From the reign of Edward the Confessor, the last sovereign of the royal Saxon race, till the death of Elizabeth, the last Tudor queen, these words of the old Hebrew prophet were literally applicable to the great West Minster. When Edward knelt within the Benedictine chapel on Thorneye, which had so miraculously withstood the ravages of the Danes, and vowed to dedicate a new church on the same spot to the glory of God and in the name of St. Peter, even his prophetic soul cannot have foretold the high destiny of his beloved foundation. As the building slowly grew during the last years of his reign, he conceived the idea of its use as a sepulchre for himself and his successors. In his visions he may even have foreseen the coronations of the English sovereigns within its walls, his own canonisation, and the long connection {4} between the throne and the monastery. All that the words above imply would have appealed to the pious founder, but what of his feelings could he have looked on through the centuries? He would have seen much to vex, yet we venture to think he would have found consolation, even in these latter days when the monks are no longer here and the Roman Church has ceased to be the Church of his country. Three hundred years after Edward's death came the destruction of his church in the name of piety, but for this there was ample compensation in the beautiful and stately buildings which were raised upon the ruins of the old, and in the devotion to the first founder's memory shown by Henry III. and his descendants. During the ages of faith, when the Pope held sway over England, king after king gave liberally to the fabric, while their queens may also be counted amongst the benefactors to the West Minster. St. Peter, the patron saint to whom the church was dedicated, was practically lost sight of in the halo which surrounded the memory of the Saxon king, and it was to the English royal saint rather than to the Hebrew apostle that the Abbey owed its peculiar sanctity. From the first it was a royal foundation, a building consecrated to the memory of a king, yet none of {5} these considerations were weighed in the balance when the West Minster shared in the general downfall of the English monasteries. The sovereign himself laid violent hands upon the treasures presented by his pious forefathers in honour of St. Edward, and the saint's body must surely have turned in its coffin when, to save it from indignity, the monks were obliged to lift it from the feretory and hide it beneath the ground. The shrine which had been the pride of each king since the days of Henry III., and honoured no less by the first Tudor sovereign, was stripped of its glories: the shining golden top, which used to be seen from end to end of the church, was melted down; the jewels, which had been offered by royal worshipper and humble pilgrim alike, even the precious images of sainted king and saintly evangelist, were ruthlessly transferred to the palace treasury. None of these survive to-day, but the mosaic pillars and the basement were concealed by the brethren before they fled from the monastery, and the lower part of the shrine was reconstructed by the daughter of the sovereign to whom the devastation was due; to her also we owe the wooden top, which replaced the glorious golden feretory. The monastic community, who were restored to their home by the same {6} Queen, the "bloody" Mary of Protestant history, survived a few years longer into the days of Elizabeth, and the former intimate connection between the Crown and the convent, severed with the final dismissal of the Abbot and monks, found a pale reflection in the friendship which Elizabeth always showed to the Dean of her new foundation. But the Maiden Queen was in very deed the last royal person to whom Westminster Abbey owed substantial benefits. She refounded the collegiate church, which finally took the place of the monastery, and established Westminster School; before her reign the only boys taught within the precincts were the few scholars collected in the cloisters by the monks. She is, in fact, the foundress of St. Peter's College, which thus owes its status as a royal foundation to Queen Elizabeth.

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