Part 14

Assembly room, a room in which persons assemble, especially for dancing. Ð Unlawful assembly (Law), a meeting of three or more persons on a common plan, in such a way as to cause a reasonable apprehension that they will disturb the peace tumultuously. Ð Westminster Assembly, a convocation, consisting chiefly of divines, which, by act of Parliament, assembled July 1, 1643, and remained in session some years. It framed the ½Confession of Faith,¸ the ½Larger Catechism,¸ and the ½Shorter Catechism,¸ which are still received as authority by Presbyterians, and are substantially accepted by Congregationalists. Syn. - See Assemblage. AsÏsem¶blyÏman (?), n.; pl. Assemblymen (?). A member of an assembly, especially of the lower branch of a state legislature. AsÏsent¶, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assented; p. pr. & vb. n. Assenting.] [ F. assentir, L. assentire, assentiri; ad + sentire to feel, think. See Sense.] To admit a thing as true; to express one's agreement, acquiescence, concurrence, or concession. Who informed the governor... And the Jews also assented, saying that these things were so. Acts xxiv. 9. The princess assented to all that was suggested. Macaulay. Syn. - To yield; agree; acquiesce; concede; concur. AsÏsent¶ (?), n. [OE. assent, fr. assentir. See Assent, v.] The act of assenting; the act of the mind in admitting or agreeing to anything; concurrence with approval; consent; agreement; acquiescence. Faith is the assent to any proposition, on the credit of the proposer. Locke. The assent, if not the approbation, of the prince. Prescott. Too many people read this ribaldry with assent and admiration. Macaulay. Royal ~, in England, the ~ of the sovereign to a bill which has passed both houses of Parliament, after which it becomes law. Syn. - Concurrence; acquiescence; approval; accord. Ð Assent, Consent. Assent is an act of the understanding, consent of the will or feelings. We assent to the views of others when our minds come to the same conclusion with theirs as to what is true, right, or admissible. We consent when there is such a concurrence of our will with their desires and wishes that we decide to comply with their requests. The king of England gives his assent, not his consent, to acts of Parliament, because, in theory at least, he is not governed by personal feelings or choice, but by a deliberate, judgment as to the common good. We also use assent in cases where a proposal is made which involves but little interest or feeling. A lady may assent to a gentleman's opening the window; but if he offers himself in marriage, he must wait for her consent. As·senÏta¶tion (?), n. [L. assentatio. See Assent, v.] Insincere, flattering, or obsequious assent; hypocritical or pretended concurrence. Abject flattery and indiscriminate assentation degrade as much as indiscriminate contradiction and noisy debate disgust. Ld. Chesterfield. As·senÏta¶tor , n. [L., fr. assentari to assent constantly.] An obsequious; a flatterer. [R.] AsÏsent¶aÏtoÏry (?), a. Flattering; obsequious. [Obs.] Ð AsÏsent¶aÏtoÏriÏly, adv. [Obs.] AsÏsent¶er (?), n. One who assents. AsÏsen¶tient , a. Assenting. AsÏsent¶ing (?), a. Giving or implying assent. Ð AsÏsent¶ingÏly, adv. AsÏsent¶ive (?), a. Giving assent; of the nature of assent; complying. Ð AsÏsent¶iveÏness, n. AsÏsent¶ment , n. Assent; agreement. [Obs.] AsÏsert¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Asserted; p. pr. & vb. n. Asserting.] [L. assertus, p. p. of asserere to join or fasten to one's self, claim, maintain; ad + serere to join or bind together. See Series.] 1. To affirm; to declare with assurance, or plainly and strongly; to state positively; to aver; to asseverate. Nothing is more shameful... than to assert anything to be done without a cause. Ray. 2. To maintain; to defend. [Obs. or Archaic] That... I may assert Eternal Providence, And justify the ways of God to men. Milton. I will assert it from the scandal. Jer. Taylor. 3. To maintain or defend, as a cause or a claim, by words or measures; to vindicate a claim or title to; as, to assert our rights and liberties. To ~ one's self, to claim or vindicate one's rights or position; to demand recognition. Syn. - To affirm; aver; asseverate; maintain; protest; pronounce; declare; vindicate. Ð To Assert, Affirm, Maintain, Vindicate. To assert is to fasten to one's self, and hence to claim. It is, therefore, adversative in its nature. We assert our rights and privileges, or the cause of tree institutions, as against opposition or denial. To affirm is to declare as true. We assert boldly; we affirm positively. To maintain is to uphold, and insist upon with earnestness, whatever we have once asserted; as, to maintain one's cause, to maintain an argument, to maintain the ground we have taken. To vindicate is to use language and measures of the strongest kind, in defense of ourselves and those for whom we act. We maintain our assertions by adducing proofs, facts, or arguments; we are ready to vindicate our rights or interests by the utmost exertion of our powers. AsÏsert¶er (?), n. One who asserts; one who avers pr maintains; an assertor. The inflexible asserter of the rights of the church. Milman. AsÏser¶tion (?), n. [L. assertio, fr. asserere.] 1. The act of asserting, or that which is asserted; positive declaration or averment; affirmation; statement asserted; position advanced. There is a difference between assertion and demonstration. Macaulay. 2. Maintenance; vindication; as, the assertion of one's rights or prerogatives. AsÏsert¶ive (?), a. Positive; affirming confidently; affirmative; peremptory. In a confident and assertive form. Glanvill. Ð AsÏsert¶iveÏly, adv. Ð AsÏsert¶iveÏness, n. AsÏsert¶or (?), n. [L., fr. asserere.] One who asserts or avers; one who maintains or vindicates a claim or a right; an affirmer, supporter, or vindicator; a defender; an asserter. The assertors of liberty said not a word. Macaulay. Faithful assertor of thy country's cause. Prior. As·serÏto¶riÏal (?), a. Asserting that a thing is; Ð opposed to problematical and apodeictical. AsÏsert¶oÏry (?), a. [L. assertorius, fr. asserere.] Affirming; maintaining. Arguments... assertory, not probatory. Jer. Taylor. An assertory, not a promissory, declaration. Bentham. A proposition is assertory, when it enounces what is known as actual. Sir W. Hamilton. AsÏsess¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assessed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Assessing.] [OF. assesser to regulate, settle, LL. assessare to value for taxation, fr. L. assidere, supine as if assessum, to sit by, esp. of judges in a court, in LL. to assess, tax. Cf. Assize, v., Cess.] 1. To value; to make a valuation or official estimate of for the purpose of taxation. 2. To apportion a sum to be paid by (a person, a community, or an estate), in the nature of a tax, fine, etc.; to impose a tax upon (a person, an estate, or an income) according to a rate or apportionment. 3. To determine and impose a tax or fine upon (a person, community, estate, or income); to tax; as, the club assessed each member twentyÐfive cents. 4. To fix or determine the rate or amount of. This sum is assessed and raised upon individuals by commissioners in the act. Blackstone. AsÏsess¶aÏble (?), a. Liable to be assessed or taxed; as, assessable property. As·sessÏee¶ (?), n. One who is assessed. AsÏses¶sion (?), n. [L. assessio, fr. assid?re to sit by or near; ad + sed?re to sit. See Sit.] A sitting beside or near. AsÏsess¶ment (?), n. [LL. assessamentum.] 1. The act of assessing; the act of determining an amount to be paid; as, an assessment of damages, or of taxes; an assessment of the members of a club. 2. A valuation of property or profits of business, for the purpose of taxation; such valuation and an adjudging of the proper sum to be levied on the property; as, an assessment of property or an assessment on property. µ An assessment is a valuation made by authorized persons according to their discretion, as opposed to a sum certain or determined by law. It is a valuation of the property of those who are to pay the tax, for the purpose of fixing the proportion which each man shall pay. Blackstone. Burrill. 3. The specific sum levied or assessed. 4. An apportionment of a subscription for stock into successive installments; also, one of these installments (in England termed a ½call¸). [U. S.] AsÏsess¶or , n. [L., one who sits beside, the assistant of a judge, fr. assid?re. See Assession. LL., one who arranges of determines the taxes, fr. assid?re. See Assess, v., and cf. Cessor.] 1. One appointed or elected to assist a judge or magistrate with his special knowledge of the subject to be decided; as legal assessors, nautical assessors. Mozley & W. 2. One who sits by another, as next in dignity, or as an assistant and adviser; an associate in office. Whence to his Son, The assessor of his throne, he thus began. Milton. With his ignorance, his inclinations, and his fancy, as his assessors in judgment. I. Taylor. 3. One appointed to assess persons or property for the purpose of taxation. Bouvier. As·sesÏso¶riÏal (?), a. [Cf. F. assessorial, fr. L. assessor.] Of or pertaining to an assessor, or to a court of assessors. Coxe. AsÏsess¶orÏship (?), n. The office or function of an assessor. As¶set (?), n. Any article or separable part of one's assets. As¶sets (?), n. pl. [OF. asez enough, F. assez, fr. L. ad + satis, akin to Gr. ? enough, Goth. saps full. Cf. Assai, Satisfy.] 1. (Law) (a) Property of a deceased person, subject by law to the payment of his debts and legacies; Ð called assets because sufficient to render the executor or administrator liable to the creditors and legatees, so far as such goods or estate may extend. Story. Blackstone. (b) Effects of an insolvent debtor or bankrupt, applicable to the payment of debts. 2. The entire property of all sorts, belonging to a person, a corporation, or an estate; as, the assets of a merchant or a trading association; Ð opposed to liabilities. µ In balancing accounts the assets are put on the Cr. side and the debts on the Dr. side. AsÏsev¶er (?), v. t. [Cf. OF. asseverer, fr. L. asseverare.] See Asseverate. [Archaic] AsÏsev¶erÏate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Asseverated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Asseverating (?).] [L. asseveratus, p. p. of asseverare to assert seriously or earnestly; ad + severus. See Severe.] To affirm or aver positively, or with solemnity. Syn. - To affirm; aver; protest; declare. See Affirm. AsÏsev·erÏa¶tion (?), n. [L. asseveratio.] The act of asseverating, or that which is asseverated; positive affirmation or assertion; solemn declaration. Another abuse of the tongue I might add, Ð vehement asseverations upon slight and trivial occasions. Ray. AsÏsev¶erÏaÏtive , a. Characterized by asseveration; asserting positively. AsÏsev¶erÏaÏtoÏry , a. Asseverative. AsÏsib¶iÏlate , v. t. [L. assibilatus, p. p. of assibilare to hiss out; ad + sibilare to hiss.] To make sibilant; to change to a sibilant. J. Peile. AsÏsib·iÏla¶tion , n. Change of a nonÐsibilant letter to a sibilant, as of Ïtion to Ïshun, duke to ditch. As·siÏde¶an , n. [Heb. kh¾sad to be pious.] One of a body of devoted Jews who opposed the Hellenistic Jews, and supported the Asmoneans. As¶siÏdent (?), a. [L. assidens, p. pr. of assid?re to sit by: cf. F. assident. See Assession.] (Med.) Usually attending a disease, but not always; as, assident signs, or symptoms. AsÏsid¶uÏate (?), a. [L. assiduatus, p. p. of assiduare to use assiduously.] Unremitting; assiduous. [Obs.] ½Assiduate labor.¸ Fabyan. As·siÏdu¶iÏty (?), n.; pl. Assiduities (?). [L. assiduitas: cf. F. assiduite. See Assiduous.] 1. Constant or close application or attention, particularly to some business or enterprise; diligence. I have, with much pains and assiduity, qualified myself for a nomenclator. Addison. 2. Studied and persevering attention to a person; Ð usually in the plural. AsÏsid¶uÏous (?), a. [L. assiduus, fr. assid?re to sit near or close; ad + sed?re to sit. See Sit.] 1. Constant in application or attention; devoted; attentive; unremitting. She grows more assiduous in her attendance. Addison. 2. Performed with constant diligence or attention; unremitting; persistent; as, assiduous labor. To weary him with my assiduous cries. Milton. Syn. - Diligent; attentive; sedulous; unwearied; unintermitted; persevering; laborious; indefatigable. Ð AsÏsid¶uÏousÏly, adv. Ð AsÏsid¶uÏousÏness, n. AsÏsiege¶ (?), v. t. [OE. asegen, OF. asegier, F. assi‚ger, fr. LL. assediare, assidiare, to besiege. See Siege.] [Obs.] ½Assieged castles.¸ Spenser. AsÏsiege¶, n. A siege. [Obs.] Chaucer. As·siÏen¶tist , n. [Cf. F. assientiste, Sp. asentista.] A shareholder of the Assiento company; one of the parties to the Assiento contract. Bancroft. Ø As·siÏen¶to (?), n. [Sp. asiento seat, contract or agreement, fr. asentar to place on a chair, to adjust, to make an agreement; a (L. ad) + sentar, a participial verb; as if there were a L. sedentare to cause to sit, fr. sedens, sedentis, p. pr. of sed?re to sit.] A contract or convention between Spain and other powers for furnishing negro slaves for the Spanish dominions in America, esp. the contract made with Great Britain in 1713. AsÏsign¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assigned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Assigning.] [OE. assignen, asignen, F. assigner, fr. L. assignare; ad + signare to mark, mark out, designate, signum mark, sign. See Sign.] 1. To appoint; to allot; to apportion; to make over. In the order I assign to them. Loudon. The man who could feel thus was worthy of a better station than that in which his lot had been assigned. Southey. He assigned to his men their several posts. Prescott. 2. To fix, specify, select, or designate; to point out authoritatively or exactly; as, to assign a limit; to assign counsel for a prisoner; to assign a day for trial. All as the dwarf the way to her assigned. Spenser. It is not easy to assign a period more eventful. De Quincey. 3. (Law) To transfer, or make over to another, esp. to transfer to, and vest in, certain persons, called assignees, for the benefit of creditors. To ~ dower, to set out by metes and bounds the widow's share or portion in an estate. Kent. AsÏsign¶, n. [From Assign, v.] A thing pertaining or belonging to something else; an appurtenance. [Obs.] Six French rapiers and poniards, with their assigns, as girdles, hangers, and so. Shak. AsÏsign¶, n. [See Assignee.] (Law) A person to whom property or an interest is transferred; as, a deed to a man and his heirs and assigns. AsÏsign·aÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being assignable. AsÏsign¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being assigned, allotted, specified, or designated; as, an assignable note or bill; an assignable reason; an assignable quantity. Ø As·si·gnat¶ (?; 277), n. [F. assignat, fr. L. assignatus, p. p. of assignare.] One of the notes, bills, or bonds, issued as currency by the revolutionary government of France (1790Ð1796), and based on the security of the lands of the church and of nobles which had been appropriated by the state. As·sigÏna¶tion (?), n. [L. assignatio, fr. assignare: cf. F. assignation.] 1. The act of assigning or allotting; apportionment. This order being taken in the senate, as touching the appointment and assignation of those provinces. Holland. 2. An appointment of time and place for meeting or interview; Ð used chiefly of love interviews, and now commonly in a bad sense. While nymphs take treats, or assignations give. Pope. 3. A making over by transfer of title; assignment. House of ~, a house in which appointments for sexual intercourse are fulfilled. As·signÏee¶ , n. [F. assign‚, p. p. of assigner. See Assign, v., and cf. Assign an ~.] (Law) (a) A person to whom an assignment is made; a person appointed or deputed by another to do some act, perform some business, or enjoy some right, privilege, or property; as, an assignee of a bankrupt. See Assignment (c). An ~ may be by special appointment or deed, or be created by jaw; as an executor. Cowell. Blount. (b) pl. In England, the persons appointed, under a commission of bankruptcy, to manage the estate of a bankrupt for the benefit of his creditors.

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AsÏsign¶er (?), n. One who assigns, appoints, allots, or apportions. AsÏsign¶ment (?), n. [LL. assignamentum: cf. OF. assenement.] 1. An allotting or an appointment to a particular person or use; or for a particular time, as of a cause or causes in court. 2. (Law) (a) A transfer of title or interest by writing, as of lease, bond, note, or bill of exchange; a transfer of the whole of some particular estate or interest in lands. (b) The writing by which an interest is transferred. (c) The transfer of the property of a bankrupt to certain persons called assignees, in whom it is vested for the benefit of creditors. ÷ of dower, the setting out by metes and bounds of the widow's thirds or portion in the deceased husband's estate, and allotting it to her. µ Assignment is also used in law as convertible with specification; assignment of error in proceedings for review being specification of error; and assignment of perjury or fraud in indictment being specifications of perjury or fraud. As·signÏor¶ (?), n. [L. assignator. Cf. Assigner.] (Law) An assigner; a person who assigns or transfers an interest; as, the assignor of a debt or other chose in action. AsÏsim·iÏlaÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being assimilable. [R.] Coleridge. AsÏsim¶iÏlaÏble (?), a. That may be assimilated; that may be likened, or appropriated and incorporated. AsÏsim¶iÏlate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assimilated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Assimilating (?).] [L. assimilatus, p. p. of assimilare; ad + similare to make like, similis like. See Similar, Assemble, Assimilate.] 1. To bring to a likeness or to conformity; to cause a resemblance between. Sir M. Hale. To assimilate our law to the law of Scotland. John Bright. Fast falls a fleecy; the downy flakes Assimilate all objects. Cowper. 2. To liken; to compa?e. [R.] 3. To appropriate and transform or incorporate into the substance of the assimilating body; to absorb or appropriate, as nourishment; as, food is assimilated and converted into organic tissue. Hence also animals and vegetables may assimilate their nourishment. Sir I. Newton. His mind had no power to assimilate the lessons. Merivale. AsÏsim¶iÏlate, v. i. 1. To become similar or like something else. [R.] 2. To change and appropriate nourishment so as to make it a part of the substance of the assimilating body. Aliment easily assimilated or turned into blood. Arbuthnot. 3. To be converted into the substance of the assimilating body; to become incorporated; as, some kinds of food assimilate more readily than others. I am a foreign material, and cannot assimilate with the church of England. J. H. Newman. AsÏsim·iÏla¶tion (?), n. [L. assimilatio: cf. F. assimilation.] 1. The act or process of assimilating or bringing to a resemblance, likeness, or identity; also, the state of being so assimilated; as, the assimilation of one sound to another. To aspire to an assimilation with God. Dr. H. More. The assimilation of gases and vapors. Sir J. Herschel. 2. (Physiol.) The conversion of nutriment into the fluid or solid substance of the body, by the processes of digestion and absorption, whether in plants or animals. Not conversing the body, not repairing it by assimilation, but preserving it by ventilation. Sir T. Browne. µ The term assimilation has been limited by some to the final process by which the nutritive matter of the blood is converted into the substance of the tissues and organs. AsÏsim¶iÏlaÏtive (?), a. [Cf. LL. assimilativus, F. assimilatif.] Tending to, or characterized by, assimilation; that assimilates or causes assimilation; as, an assimilative process or substance. AsÏsim¶iÏlaÏtoÏry (?), a. Tending to assimilate, or produce assimilation; as, assimilatory organs. AsÏsim¶uÏlate (?), v. t. [L. assimulatus, p. p. of assimulare, equiv. to assimilare. See Assimilate, v. t.] 1. To feign; to counterfeit; to simulate; to resemble. [Obs.] Blount. 2. To assimilate. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. AsÏsim·uÏla¶tion (?), n. [L. assimulatio, equiv. to assimilatio.] Assimilation. [Obs.] Bacon. As·siÏne¶go (?), n. See Asinego. Ass¶ish (?), a. Resembling an ass; asinine; stupid or obstinate. Such... appear to be of the assich kind... Udall. AsÏsist¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Assisting.] [L. assistere; ad + sistere to cause to stand, to stand, from stare to stand: cf. F. assister. See Stand.] To give support to in some undertaking or effort, or in time of distress; to help; to aid; to succor. Assist me, knight. I am undone! Shak. Syn. - To help; aid; second; back; support; relieve; succor; befriend; sustain; favor. See Help. AsÏsist¶, v. i. 1. To lend aid; to help. With God not parted from him, as was feared, But favoring and assisting to the end. Milton. 2. To be present as a spectator; as, to assist at a public meeting. [A Gallicism] Gibbon. Prescott. AsÏsist¶ance (?), n. [Cf. F. assistance.] 1. The act of assisting; help; aid; furtherance; succor; support. Without the assistance of a mortal hand. Shak. 2. An assistant or helper; a body of helpers. [Obs.] Wat Tyler killed by valiant Walworth, the lord mayor of London, and his assistance,... John Cavendish. Fuller. 3. Persons present. [ Obs. or a Gallicism] AsÏsist¶ant (?), a. [Cf. F. assistant, p. pr. of assister.] 1. Helping; lending aid or support; auxiliary. Genius and learning... are mutually and greatly assistant to each other. Beattie. 2. (Mil.) Of the second grade in the staff of the army; as, an assistant surgeon. [U.S.] µ In the English army it designates the third grade in any particular branch of the staff. Farrow. AsÏsist¶ant (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, assists; a helper; an auxiliary; a means of help. Four assistants who his labor share. Pope. Rhymes merely as assistants to memory. Mrs. Chapone. 2. An attendant; one who is present. Dryden. AsÏsist¶antÏly, adv. In a manner to give aid. [R.] AsÏsist¶er , n. An assistant; a helper. AsÏsist¶ful (?), a. Helpful. AsÏsist¶ive (?), a. Lending aid, helping. AsÏsist¶less, a. Without aid or help. [R.] Pope. AsÏsist¶or (?), n. (Law) A assister. AsÏsith¶ment (?), n. See Assythment. [Obs.] AsÏsize¶ (?), n. [OE. assise, asise, OF. assise, F. assises, assembly of judges, the decree pronounced by them, tax, impost, fr. assis, assise, p. p. of asseoir, fr. L. assid?re to sit by; ad + sed?re to sit. See Sit, Size, and cf. Excise, Assess.] 1. An assembly of knights and other substantial men, with a bailiff or justice, in a certain place and at a certain time, for public business. [Obs.] 2. (Law) (a) A special kind of jury or inquest. (b) A kind of writ or real action. (c) A verdict or finding of a jury upon such writ. (d) A statute or ordinance in general. Specifically: (1) A statute regulating the weight, measure, and proportions of ingredients and the price of articles sold in the market; as, the assize of bread and other provisions; (2) A statute fixing the standard of weights and measures. (e) Anything fixed or reduced to a certainty in point of time, number, quantity, quality, weight, measure, etc.; as, rent of assize. Glanvill. Spelman. Cowell. Blackstone. Tomlins. Burrill. [This term is not now used in England in the sense of a writ or real action, and seldom of a jury of any kind, but in Scotch practice it is still technically applied to the jury in criminal cases. Stephen. Burrill. Erskine.] (f) A court, the sitting or session of a court, for the trial of processes, whether civil or criminal, by a judge and jury. Blackstone. Wharton. Encyc. Brit. (g) The periodical sessions of the judges of the superior courts in every county of England for the purpose of administering justice in the trial and determination of civil and criminal cases; Ð usually in the plural. Brande. Wharton. Craig. Burrill. (h) The time or place of holding the court of ~; Ð generally in the plural, assizes. 3. Measure; dimension; size. [In this sense now corrupted into size.] An hundred cubits high by just assize. Spenser. [Formerly written, as in French, assise.] AsÏsize¶, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Assizing.] [From Assize, n.: cf. LL. assisare to decree in ~. Cf. Asses, v.] 1. To assess; to value; to rate. [Obs.] Gower. 2. To fix the weight, measure, or price of, by an ordinance or regulation of authority. [Obs.] AsÏsiz¶er (?), n. An officer who has the care or inspection of weights and measures, etc. AsÏsiz¶or (?), n. (Scots Law) A juror. AsÏso¶ber (?), v. t. [Pref. adÏ + sober. Cf. Ensober.] To make or keep sober. [Obs.] Gower. AsÏso·ciaÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being associable, or capable of association; associableness. ½The associability of feelings.¸ H. Spencer. AsÏso¶ciaÏble (?), a. [See Associate.] 1.ÿCapable of being associated or joined. We know feelings to be associable only by the proved ability of one to revive another. H. Spencer. 2. Sociable; companionable. [Obs.] 3. (Med.) Liable to be affected by sympathy with other parts; Ð said of organs, nerves, muscles, etc. The stomach, the most associable of all the organs of the animal body. Med. Rep. AsÏso¶ciaÏbleÏness, n. Associability. AsÏso¶ciÏate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Associated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Associating (?).] [L. associatus, p. p. of associare; ad + sociare to join or unite, socius companion. See Social.] 1. To join with one, as a friend, companion, partner, or confederate; as, to associate others with ?s in business, or in an enterprise. 2. To join or connect; to combine in acting; as, particles of gold associated with other substances. 3. To connect or place together in thought. He succeeded in associating his name inseparably with some names which will last an long as our language. Macaulay. 4. To accompany; to keep company with. [Obs.] Friends should associate friends in grief and woe. Shak. AsÏso¶ciÏate, v. i. 1. To unite in company; to keep company, implying intimacy; as, congenial minds are disposed to associate. 2. To unite in action, or to be affected by the action of a different part of the body. E. Darwin. AsÏso¶ciÏate (?), a. [L. associatus, p. p.] 1. Closely connected or joined with some other, as in interest, purpose, employment, or office; sharing responsibility or authority; as, an associate judge. While I descend... to my associate powers. Milton. 2. Admitted to some, but not to all, rights and privileges; as, an associate member. 3. (Physiol.) Connected by habit or sympathy; as, associate motions, such as occur sympathetically, in consequence of preceding motions. E. Darwin. AsÏso¶ciÏate, n. 1. A companion; one frequently in company with another, implying intimacy or equality; a mate; a fellow. 2. A partner in interest, as in business; or a confederate in a league. 3. One connected with an association or institution without the full rights or privileges of a regular member; as, an associate of the Royal Academy. 4. Anything closely or usually connected with another; an concomitant. The one no sooner comes into the understanding, than its associate appears with it. Locke. Syn. - Companion; mate; fellow; friend; ally; partner; coadjutor; comrade; accomplice. AsÏso¶ciÏa·ted (?), a. Joined as a companion; brought into association; accompanying; combined. ÷ movements (Physiol.), consensual movements which accompany voluntary efforts without our consciousness. Dunglison. AsÏso¶ciÏateÏship (?), n. The state of an associate, as in Academy or an office. AsÏso·ciÏa¶tion (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. association, LL. associatio, fr. L. associare.] 1. The act of associating, or state of being associated; union; connection, whether of persons of things. ½Some... bond of association.¸ Hooker. SelfÐdenial is a kind of holy association with God. Boyle. 2. Mental connection, or that which is mentally linked or associated with a thing. Words... must owe their powers association. Johnson. Why should... the holiest words, with all their venerable associations, be profaned? Coleridge. 3. Union of persons in a company or society for some particular purpose; as, the American Association for the Advancement of Science; a benevolent association. Specifically, as among the Congregationalists, a society, consisting of a number of ministers, generally the pastors of neighboring churches, united for promoting the interests of religion and the harmony of the churches. ÷ of ideas (Physiol.), the combination or connection of states of mind or their objects with one another, as the result of which one is said to be revived or represented by means of the other. The relations according to which they are thus connected or revived are called the law of association. Prominent among them are reckoned the relations of time and place, and of cause and effect. Porter. AsÏso·ciÏa¶tionÏal (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to association, or to an association. 2. Pertaining to the theory held by the associationists. AsÏso·ciÏa¶tionÏism (?), n. (Philos.) The doctrine or theory held by associationists. AsÏso·ciÏa¶tionÏist, n. (Philos.) One who explains the higher functions and relations of the soul by the association of ideas; e. g., Hartley, J. C. Mill. AsÏso¶ciÏaÏtive (?), a.ÿHaving the quality of associating; tending or leading to association; as, the associative faculty. Hugh Miller. AsÏso¶ciÏa·tor (?), n. An associate; a confederate or partner in any scheme. How Pennsylvania's air agrees with Quakers, And Carolina's with associators. Dryden. AsÏsoil¶ (?), v. t. [OF. assoiler, absoiler, assoldre, F. absoudre, L. absolvere. See Absolve.] 1. To set free; to release. [Archaic] Till from her hands the spright assoiled is. Spenser. 2. To solve; to clear up. [Obs.] Any child might soon be able to assoil this riddle. Bp. Jewel. 3. To set free from guilt; to absolve. [Archaic] Acquitted and assoiled from the guilt. Dr. H. More. Many persons think themselves fairly assoiled, because they are... not of scandalous lives. Jer. Taylor. 4. To expiate; to atone for. [Archaic] Spenser. Let each act assoil a fault. E. Arnold. 5. To remove; to put off. [Obs.] She soundly slept, and careful thoughts did quite assoil. Spenser. AsÏsoil¶, v. t. [Pref. adÏ + soil.] To soil; to stain. [Obs. or Poet.] Beau. & Fl. Ne'er assoil my cobwebbed shield. Wordsworth. AsÏsoil¶ment (?), n. Act of assoiling, or state of being assoiled; absolution; acquittal. AsÏsoil¶ment, n. A soiling; defilement. AsÏsoil¶zie (?), AsÏsoil¶yie, v. t. [Old form assoi?e. See Assoil.] (scots Law) To absolve; to acquit by sentence of court. God assoilzie him for the sin of bloodshed. Sir W. Scott. As¶soÏnance (?), n. [Cf. F. assonance. See Assonant.] 1. Resemblance of sound. ½The disagreeable assonance of ?sheath' and ?sheated.'¸ Steevens. 2. (Pros.) A peculiar species of rhyme, in which the last accented vowel and those which follow it in one word correspond in sound with the vowels of another word, while the consonants of the two words are unlike in sound; as, calamo and platano, baby and chary. The assonance is peculiar to the Spaniard. Hallam. 3. Incomplete correspondence. Assonance between facts seemingly remote. Lowell. As¶soÏnant (?), a. [L. assonans, p. pr. of assonare to sound to, to correspond to in sound; ad + sonare to sound, sonus sound: cf. F. assonant. See Sound.] 1.ÿHaving a resemblance of sounds. 2. (Pros.) Pertaining to the peculiar species of rhyme called assonance; not consonant. As·soÏnan¶tal (?), a. Assonant. As¶soÏnate (?), v. i. [L. assonare, assonatum, to respond to.] To correspond in sound. AsÏsort¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Assorting.] [F. assortir; ? (L. ad) + sortir to cast or draw lots, to obtain by lot, L. sortiri, fr. sors, sortis, lot. See Sort.] 1. To separate and distribute into classes, as things of a like kind, nature, or quality, or which are suited to a like purpose; to classify; as, to assort goods. [Rarely applied to persons.] They appear... no ways assorted to those with whom they must associate. Burke. 2. To furnish with, or make up of, various sorts or a variety of goods; as, to assort a cargo. AsÏsort¶, v. i. To agree; to be in accordance; to be adapted; to suit; to fall into a class or place. Mitford.

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AsÏsort¶ed (?), a. Selected; culled. AsÏsort¶ment (?), n. [Cf. F. assortiment.] 1. Act of assorting, or distributing into sorts, kinds, or classes. 2. A collection or quantity of things distributed into kinds or sorts; a number of things assorted. 3. A collection containing a variety of sorts or kinds adapted to various wants, demands, or purposes; as, an assortment of goods. AsÏsot¶ (?), v. t. [OF. asoter, F. assoter; ? (L. ad) + sot stupid. See Sot.] To besot; to befool; to beguile; to infatuate. [Obs.] Some ecstasy assotted had his sense. Spenser. AsÏsot¶, a. Dazed; foolish; infatuated. [Obs.] Willie, I ween thou be assot. Spenser. AsÏsuage¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assuaged ; p. pr. & vb. n. Assuaging (?).] [OE. asuagen, aswagen, OF. asoagier, asuagier, fr. assouagier, fr. L. ad + suavis sweet. See Sweet.] To soften, in a figurative sense; to allay, mitigate, ease, or lessen, as heat, pain, or grief; to appease or pacify, as passion or tumult; to satisfy, as appetite or desire. Refreshing winds the summer's heat assuage. Addison. To assuage the sorrows of a desolate old man Burke. The fount at which the panting mind assuages Her thirst of knowledge. Byron. Syn. - To alleviate; mitigate; appease; soothe; calm; tranquilize; relieve. See Alleviate. AsÏsuage¶, v. i. To abate or subside. [Archaic] ½The waters assuaged.¸ Gen. vii. 1. The plague being come to a crisis, its fury began to assuage. De Foe. AsÏsuage¶ment (?), n. [OF. assouagement, asuagement.] Mitigation; abatement. AsÏsua¶ger (?), n. One who, or that which, assuages. AsÏsua¶sive (?), a. [From assuage, as if this were fr. a supposed L. assuadere to persuade to; or from E. pref. ad + Ïsuasive as in persuasive.] Mitigating; tranquilizing; soothing. [R.] Music her soft assuasive voice applies. Pope. AsÏsub¶juÏgate (?), v. t. [Pref. adÏ + subjugate.] To bring into subjection. [Obs.] Shak. As·sueÏfac¶tion (?), n. [L. assuefacere to accustom to; assuetus (p. p. of assuescere to accustom to) + facere to make; cf. OF. assuefaction.] The act of accustoming, or the state of being accustomed; habituation. [Obs.] Custom and studies efform the soul like wax, and by assuefaction introduce a nature. Jer. Taylor. As¶sueÏtude (?), n. [L. assuetudo, fr. assuetus accustomed.] Accustomedness; habit; habitual use. Assuetude of things hurtful doth make them lose their force to hurt. Bacon. AsÏsum¶aÏble (?), a. That may be assumed. AsÏsum¶aÏbly, adv. By way of assumption. AsÏsume¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Assuming.] [L. assumere; ad + sumere to take; sub + emere to take, buy: cf. F. assumer. See Redeem.] 1. To take to or upon one's self; to take formally and demonstratively; sometimes, to appropriate or take unjustly. Trembling they stand while Jove assumes the throne. Pope. The god assumed his native form again. Pope. 2. To take for granted, or without proof; to suppose as a fact; to suppose or take arbitrarily or tentatively. The consequences of assumed principles. Whewell. 3. To pretend to possess; to take in appearance. Ambition assuming the mask of religion. Porteus. Assume a virtue, if you have it not. Shak. 4. To receive or adopt. The sixth was a young knight of lesser renown and lower rank, assumed into that honorable company. Sir W. Scott. Syn. - To arrogate; usurp; appropriate. AsÏsume¶, v. i. 1. To be arrogant or pretentious; to claim more than is due. Bp. Burnet. 2. (Law) To undertake, as by a promise. Burrill. AsÏsumed¶ (?), a. 1. Supposed. 2. Pretended; hypocritical; makeÐbelieve; as, an assumed character. AsÏsum¶edÏly (?), adv. By assumption. AsÏsum¶ent (?), n. [L. assumentum, fr. ad + suere to sew.] A patch; an addition; a piece put on. [Obs.] John Lewis (1731). AsÏsum¶er (?), n. One who assumes, arrogates, pretends, or supposes. W. D. Whitney. AsÏsum¶ing, a. Pretentious; taking much upon one's self; presumptuous. Burke. Ø AsÏsump¶sit (?; 215), n. [L., he undertook, pret. of L. assumere. See Assume.] (Law) (a) A promise or undertaking, founded on a consideration. This promise may be oral or in writing not under seal. It may be express or implied. (b) An action to recover damages for a breach or nonperformance of a contract or promise, express or implied, oral or in writing not under seal. Common or indebitatus assumpsit is brought for the most part on an implied promise. Special assumpsit is founded on an express promise or undertaking. Wharton. AsÏsumpt¶ (?; 215), v. t. [L. assumptus, p. p. of assumere. See Assume.] To take up; to elevate; to assume. [Obs.] Sheldon. AsÏsumpt¶, n. [L. assumptum, p. p. neut. of assumere.] That which is assumed; an assumption. [Obs.] The sun of all your assumpts is this. Chillingworth. AsÏsump¶tion (?; 215), n. [OE. assumpcioun a taking up into heaven, L. assumptio a taking, fr. assumere: cf. F. assomption. See Assume.] 1. The act of assuming, or taking to or upon one's self; the act of taking up or adopting. The assumption of authority. Whewell. 2. The act of taking for granted, or supposing a thing without proof; supposition; unwarrantable claim. This gives no sanction to the unwarrantable assumption that the soul sleeps from the period of death to the resurrection of the body. Thodey. That calm assumption of the virtues. W. Black. 3. The thing supposed; a postulate, or proposition assumed; a supposition. Hold! says the Stoic; your assumption's wrong. Dryden. 4. (Logic) The minor or second proposition in a categorical syllogism. 5. The taking of a person up into heaven. Hence: (Rom. Cath. & Greek Churches) A festival in honor of the ascent of the Virgin Mary into heaven. AsÏsump¶tive (?), a. [L. assumptivus, fr. assumptus, fr. assumere.] Assumed, or capable of being assumed; characterized by assumption; making unwarranted claims. Ð AsÏsump¶tiveÏly, adv. ÷ arms (Her.), originally, arms which a person had a right to assume, in consequence of an exploit; now, those assumed without sanction of the Heralds' College. Percy Smith. AsÏsur¶ance (?), n. [OE. assuraunce, F. assurance, fr. assurer. See Assure.] 1. The act of assuring; a declaration tending to inspire full confidence; that which is designed to give confidence. Whereof he hath given assurance unto all men, in that he hath raised him from the dead. Acts xvii. 31. Assurances of support came pouring in daily. Macaulay. 2. The state of being assured; firm persuasion; full confidence or trust; freedom from doubt; certainty. Let us draw with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience. Heb. x. 22. 3. Firmness of mind; undoubting, steadiness; intrepidity; courage; confidence; selfÐreliance. Brave men meet danger with assurance. Knolles. Conversation with the world will give them knowledge and assurance. Locke. 4. Excess of boldness; impudence; audacity; as, his assurance is intolerable. 5. Betrothal; affiance. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. 6. Insurance; a contract for the payment of a sum on occasion of a certain event, as loss or death. µ Recently, assurance has been used, in England, in relation to life contingencies, and insurance in relation to other contingencies. It is called temporary assurance, in the time within which the contingent event must happen is limited. See Insurance. 7. (Law) Any written or other legal evidence of the conveyance of property; a conveyance; a deed. µ In England, the legal evidences of the conveyance of property are called the common assurances of the kingdom. Blackstone. AsÏsure (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Assuring.] [OF. aserer, F. assurer, LL. assecurare; L. ad + securus secure, sure, certain. See Secure, Sure, and cf. Insure.] 1. To make sure or certain; to render confident by a promise, declaration, or other evidence. His promise that thy seed shall bruise our foe... Assures me that the bitterness of death Is past, and we shall live. Milton. 2. To declare to, solemnly; to assert to (any one) with the design of inspiring belief or confidence. I dare assure thee that no enemy Shall ever take alive the noble Brutus. Shak. 3. To confirm; to make certain or secure. And it shall be assured to him. Lev. xxvii. 19. And hereby we know that we are of the truth, and shall assure our hearts before him. 1 John iii. 19. 4. To affiance; to betroth. [Obs.] Shak. 5. (Law) To insure; to covenant to indemnify for loss, or to pay a specified sum at death. See Insure. Syn. - To declare; aver; avouch; vouch; assert; asseverate; protest; persuade; convince. AsÏsured¶ (?), a. Made sure; safe; insured; certain; indubitable; not doubting; bold to excess. AsÏsured¶, n. One whose life or property is insured. AsÏsur¶edÏly (?), adv. Certainly; indubitably. ½The siege assuredly I'll raise.¸ Shak. AsÏsur¶edÏness, n. The state of being assured; certainty; full confidence. AsÏsur¶er (?), n. 1. One who assures. Specifically: One who insures against loss; an insurer or underwriter. 2. One who takes out a life assurance policy. AsÏsur¶genÏcy (?), n. Act of rising. The... assurgency of the spirit through the body. Coleridge. AsÏsur¶gent (?), a. [L. assurgens, p. pr. of assurgere; ad + surgere to rise.] Ascending; (Bot.) rising obliquely; curving upward. Gray. AsÏsur¶ing (?), a. That assures; tending to assure; giving confidence. Ð AsÏsur¶ingÏly, adv. AsÏswage¶ , v. See Assuage. AsÏsyr¶iÏan (?), a. [L. Assyrius.] Of or pertaining to Assyria, or to its inhabitants. Ð n. A native or an inhabitant of Assyria; the language of Assyria. AsÏsyr·iÏoÏlog¶icÏal (?), a. Of or pertaining to Assyriology; as, Assyriological studies. AsÏsyr·iÏol¶oÏgist (?), n. One versed in Assyriology; a student of Assyrian arch‘ology. AsÏsyr·iÏol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Assyria + Ïlogy.] The science or study of the antiquities, language, etc., of ancient Assyria. AsÏsyth¶ment (?), n. [From OF. aset, asez, orig. meaning enough. See Assets.] Indemnification for injury; satisfaction. [Chiefly in Scots law] Ø As¶taÏcus (?), n. [L. astacus a crab, Gr. ?.] (Zo”l.) A genus of crustaceans, containing the crawfish of freshÐwater lobster of Europe, and allied species of western North America. See Crawfish. AÏstar¶board (?), adv. (Naut.) Over to the starboard side; Ð said of the tiller. AÏstart¶ (?), v. t. & i. Same as Astert. [Obs.] Ø AsÏtar¶te (?), n. [Gr. ? a Ph?nician goddess.] (Zo”l.) A genus of bivalve mollusks, common on the coasts of America and Europe. AÏstate¶ (?), n. Estate; state. [Obs.] Chaucer. AÏstat¶ic (?), a. [Pref. aÏ not + static.] (Magnetism) Having little or no tendency to take a fixed or definite position or direction: thus, a suspended magnetic needle, when rendered astatic, loses its polarity, or tendency to point in a given direction. ÷ pair (Magnetism), a pair of magnetic needles so mounted as to be nearly or quite ~, as in some galvanometers. AÏstat¶icÏalÏly (?), adv. In an astatic manner. AÏstat¶iÏcism (?), n. The state of being astatic. AÏstay¶ (?), adv. (Naut.) An anchor is said to be astay, in heaving it, an acute angle is formed between the cable and the surface of the water. As¶teÏism (?), n. [Gr. ? refined and witty talk, fr. ? of the town, polite, witty, fr. ? city: cf. F. ast‚isme.] (Rhet.) Genteel irony; a polite and ingenious manner of deriding another. As¶tel (?), n. [OE. astelle piece of wood, OF. astele splinter, shaving, F. attelle, astelle: cf. L. astula, dim. of assis board.] (Mining) An arch, or ceiling, of boards, placed over the men's heads in a mine. As¶ter (?), n. [L. aster aster, star, Gr. ? star. See Star.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of herbs with compound white or bluish flowers; starwort; Michaelmas daisy. 2. (Floriculture) A plant of the genus Callistephus. Many varieties (called China asters, German asters, etc.) are cultivated for their handsome compound flowers. Ø AsÏte¶riÏas (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? starred, fr. ? star.] (Zo”l.) A genus of echinoderms. µ Formerly the group of this name included nearly all starfishes and ophiurans. Now it is restricted to a genus including the commonest shore starfishes. AsÏte¶riÏa·ted (?), a. [See Asterias.] Radiated, with diverging rays; as, asteriated sapphire. As·terÏid¶iÏan (?), a. (Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to the Asterioidea. Ð n. A starfish; one of the Asterioidea. Ø AsÏte·riÏoid¶eÏa (?), Ø As·terÏid¶eÏa (?), } n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? + Ïoid. See Asterias.] (Zo”l.) A class of Echinodermata including the true starfishes. The rays vary in number and always have ambulacral grooves below. The body is starshaped or pentagonal. Ø AsÏte¶riÏon (?), n. [Gr. ? starry.] (Anat.) The point on the side of the skull where the lambdoid, parietoÐmastoid and occipitoÐmastoid sutures. Ø As·terÏis¶cus (?), n. [L., an asterisk. See Asterisk.] (Anat.) The smaller of the two otoliths found in the inner ear of many fishes. As¶terÏisk (?), n. [L. asteriscus, Gr. ?, dim. of ? star. See Aster.] The figure of a star, thus, ?, used in printing and writing as a reference to a passage or note in the margin, to supply the omission of letters or words, or to mark a word or phrase as having a special character. As·terÏism (?), n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? star; cf. F. ast‚risme.] 1. (Astron.) (a) A constellation. [Obs.] (b) A small cluster of stars. 2. (Printing) (a) An asterisk, or mark of reference. [R.] (b) Three asterisks placed in this manner, ???, to direct attention to a particular passage. 3. (Crystallog.) An optical property of some crystals which exhibit a starÐshaped by reflected light, as star sapphire, or by transmitted light, as some mica. AÏstern¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + stern.] (Naut.) 1. In or at the hinder part of a ship; toward the hinder part, or stern; backward; as, to go astern. 2. Behind a ship; in the rear. ½A gale of wind right astern.¸ De Foe. ½Left this strait astern.¸ Drake. To bake ~, to go stern foremost. Ð To be ~ of the reckoning, to be behind the position given by the reckoning. Ð To drop ~, to fall or be left behind. Ð To go ~, to go backward, as from the action of currents or winds. AÏster¶nal (?), a. [Pref. aÏ not + sternal.] (Anat.) Not sternal; Ð said of ribs which do not join the sternum. As¶terÏoid (?), n. [Gr. ? starlike, starry; ? star + ? form: cf. F. ast‚ro‹de. See Aster.] A starlike body; esp. one of the numerous small planets whose orbits lie between those of Mars and Jupiter; Ð called also planetoids and minor planets. As·terÏoid¶al (?), a. Of or pertaining to an asteroid, or to the asteroids. Ø As·teÏrol¶eÏpis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? star + ? scale.] (Paleon.) A genus of fishes, some of which were eighteen or twenty feet long, found in a fossil state in the Old Red Sandstone. Hugh Miller.

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As·terÏoph¶ylÏlite (?), n. [Gr. ? star + ? leaf.] (Paleon.) A fossil plant from the coal formations of Europe and America, now regarded as the branchlets and foliage of calamites. AÏstert (?), v. t. [Pref. aÏ + start; OE. asterten, asturten.] To start up; to befall; to escape; to shun. [Obs.] Spenser. AÏstert¶, v. i. To escape. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ø As·theÏni¶a (?), As¶theÏny (?), } n. [NL. asthenia, Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? strength.] (Med.) Want or loss of strength; debility; diminution of the vital forces. AsÏthen¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? strength.] (Med.) Characterized by, or pertaining to, debility; weak; debilitating. Ø As·theÏno¶piÏa (?), n. [Gr. ? priv. + ? strength + ? eye.] Weakness of sight. Quain. Ð As·theÏnop¶ic (?), a. Asth¶ma (?; 277), n. [Gr. ? shortÐdrawn breath, fr. ? to blow, for ?: cf. Skr. v¾, Goth. waian, to blow, E. wind.] (Med.) A disease, characterized by difficulty of breathing (due to a spasmodic contraction of the bronchi), recurring at intervals, accompanied with a wheezing sound, a sense of constriction in the chest, a cough, and expectoration. AsthÏmat¶ic (?), AsthÏmat¶icÏal (?), } a. [L. asthmaticus, Gr. ?.] Of or pertaining to asthma; as, an asthmatic cough; liable to, or suffering from, asthma; as, an asthmatic patient. Ð AsthÏmat¶icÏalÏly, adv. AsthÏmat¶ic, n. A person affected with asthma. As·tigÏmat¶ic (?), a. (Med. & Opt.) Affected with, or pertaining to, astigmatism; as, astigmatic eyes; also, remedying astigmatism; as, astigmatic lenses. AÏstig¶maÏtism (?), n. [Gr. ? priv. + ?, ?, a prick of a pointed instrument, a spot, fr. ? to prick: cf. F. astigmatisme.] (Med. & Opt.) A defect of the eye or of a lens, in consequence of which the rays derived from one point are not brought to a single focal point, thus causing imperfect images or indistictness of vision. µ The term is applied especially to the defect causing images of lines having a certain direction to be indistinct, or imperfectly seen, while those of lines transverse to the former are distinct, or clearly seen. AsÏtip¶uÏlate (?), v. i. [L. astipulari; ad + stipulari to stipulate.] To assent. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. AsÏtip·uÏla¶tion (?), n. [L. astipulatio.] Stipulation; agreement. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. AÏstir¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + stir.] Stirring; in a state of activity or motion; out of bed. AÏstom¶aÏtous (?), As¶toÏmous (?), } a. [Gr. ? priv. + ?, ?, mouth.] Not possessing a mouth. AsÏton¶ (?), AsÏtone¶ (?), } v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astoned, Astond, or Astound.] [See Astonish.] To stun; to astonish; to stupefy. [Obs.] Chaucer. AsÏton¶ied (?), p. p. Stunned; astonished. See Astony. [Archaic] And I astonied fell and could not pray. Mrs. Browning. AsÏton¶ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astonished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Astonishing.] [OE. astonien, astunian, astonen, OF. estoner, F. ‚tonner, fr. L. ex out + tonare to thunder, but perhaps influenced by E. stun. See Thunder, Astound, Astony.] 1. To stun; to render senseless, as by a blow. [Obs.] Enough, captain; you have astonished him. [Fluellen had struck Pistol.] Shak. The very crampÐfish [i. e., torpedo]... being herself not benumbed, is able to astonish others. Holland. 2. To strike with sudden fear, terror, or wonder; to amaze; to surprise greatly, as with something unaccountable; to confound with some sudden emotion or passion. Musidorus... had his wits astonished with sorrow. Sidney. I, Daniel... was astonished at the vision. Dan. viii. 27. Syn. - To amaze; astound; overwhelm; surprise. Ð Astonished, Surprised. We are surprised at what is unexpected. We are astonished at what is above or beyond our comprehension. We are taken by surprise. We are struck with astonishment. C. J. Smith. See Amaze. AsÏton¶ishÏedÏly (?), adv. In an astonished manner. [R.] Bp. Hall. AsÏton¶ishÏing, a. Very wonderful; of a nature to excite astonishment; as, an astonishing event. Syn. - Amazing; surprising; wonderful; marvelous. Ð AsÏton¶ishÏingÏly, adv. Ð AsÏton¶ishÏingÏness, n. AsÏton¶ishÏment (?), n. [Cf. OF. est?nnement, F. ‚tonnement.] 1. The condition of one who is stunned. Hence: Numbness; loss of sensation; stupor; loss of sense. [Obs.] A coldness and astonishment in his loins, as folk say. Holland. 2. Dismay; consternation. [Archaic] Spenser. 3. The overpowering emotion excited when something unaccountable, wonderful, or dreadful is presented to the mind; an intense degree of surprise; amazement. Lest the place And my quaint habits breed astonishment. Milton. 4. The object causing such an emotion. Thou shalt become an astonishment. Deut. xxviii. 37. Syn. - Amazement; wonder; surprise. AsÏto¶y (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astonied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Astonying. See Astone.] To stun; to bewilder; to astonish; to dismay. [Archaic] The captain of the Helots... strake Palladius upon the side of his head, that he reeled astonied. Sir P. Sidney. This sodeyn cas this man astonied so, That reed he wex, abayst, and al quaking. Chaucer. AÏstoop¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + stoop.] In a stooping or inclined position. Gay. AsÏtound¶ (?), a. [OE. astouned, astound, astoned, p. p. of astone. See Astone.] Stunned; astounded; astonished. [Archaic] Spenser. Thus Ellen, dizzy and astound. As sudden ruin yawned around. Sir W. Scott. AsÏtound¶, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astounded, Obs. Astound; p. pr. & vb. n. Astounding.] [See Astound, a.] 1. To stun; to stupefy. No puissant stroke his senses once astound. Fairfax. 2. To astonish; to strike with amazement; to confound with wonder, surprise, or fear. These thoughts may startle well, but not astound The virtuous mind. Milton. AsÏtound¶ing, a. Of a nature to astound; astonishing; amazing; as, an astounding force, statement, or fact. Ð AsÏfound¶ingÏly, adv. AsÏfound¶ment (?), n. Amazement. Coleridge. As·traÏchan¶ (?), a. & n. See Astrakhan. AÏstrad¶dle (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + straddle.] In a straddling position; astride; bestriding; as, to sit astraddle a horse. AsÏtr‘¶an (?), a. [Gr. ? starry.] (Zo”l.) Pertaining to the genus Astr‘a or the family Astr‘id‘. Ð n. A coral of the family Astr‘id‘; a star coral. As¶traÏgal (?), n. [L. astragalus, Gr. ? the ankle bone, a molding in the capital of the Ionic column.] 1. (Arch.) A convex molding of rounded surface, generally from half to three quarters of a circle. 2. (Gun.) A round molding encircling a cannon near the mouth. AsÏtrag¶aÏlar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the astragalus. AsÏtrag¶aÏloid (?), a. [Astragalus + Ïoid.] (Anat.) Resembling the astragalus in form. AsÏtrag¶aÏloÏman·cy (?), n. [Gr. ? ankle bone, die + Ïmancy.] Divination by means of small bones or dice. Ø AsÏtrag¶aÏlus (?), n. [L. See Astragal.] 1. (Anat.) The ankle bone, or hock bone; the bone of the tarsus which articulates with the tibia at the ankle. 2. (Bot.) A genus of papilionaceous plants, of the tribe Galege‘, containing numerous species, two of which are called, in English, milk vetch and licorice vetch. Gum tragacanth is obtained from different oriental species, particularly the A. gummifer and A. verus. 3. (Arch.) See Astragal, 1. As·traÏkhan¶ (?), a. Of or pertaining to ÷ in Russia or its products; made of an ÷ skin. Ð n. The skin of stillborn or young lambs of that region, the curled wool of which resembles fur. As¶tral (?), a. [L. astralis, fr. astrum star, Gr. ?: cf. F. astral. See Star.] Pertaining to, coming from, or resembling, the stars; starry; starlike. Shines only with an astral luster. I. Taylor. Some astral forms I must invoke by prayer. Dryden. ÷ lamp, an Argand lamp so constructed that no shadow is cast upon the table by the flattened ringÐshaped reservoir in which the oil is contained. Ð ÷ spirits, spirits formerly supposed to live in the heavenly bodies or the a‰rial regions, and represented in the Middle Ages as fallen angels, spirits of the dead, or spirits originating in fire. AÏstrand¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + strand.] Stranded. Sir W. Scott. AÏstray¶ (?), adv. & a. [See Estray, Stray.] Out of the right, either in a literal or in a figurative sense; wandering; as, to lead one astray. Ye were as sheep going astray. 1 Pet. ii. 25. AsÏtrict¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astricted;ÿp. pr. & vb. n. Astricting.] [L. astrictus, p. p. of astringere. See Astringe.] 1. To bind up; to confine; to constrict; to contract. The solid parts were to be relaxed or astricted. Arbuthnot. 2. To bind; to constrain; to restrict; to limit. [R.] The mind is astricted to certain necessary modes or forms of thought. Sir W. Hamilton. 3. (Scots Law) To restrict the tenure of; as, to astrict lands. See Astriction, 4. Burrill. AsÏtrict¶, a. Concise; contracted. [Obs.] Weever. AsÏtric¶tion (?), n. [L. astrictio.] 1. The act of binding; restriction; also, obligation. Milton. 2. (Med.) (a) A contraction of parts by applications; the action of an astringent substance on the animal economy. Dunglison. (b) Constipation. Arbuthnot. 3. Astringency. [Obs.] Bacon. 4. (Scots Law) An obligation to have the grain growing on certain lands ground at a certain mill, the owner paying a toll. Bell. µ The lands were said to be astricted to the mill. AsÏtric¶tive (?), a. Binding; astringent. Ð n. An astringent. Ð AsÏtric¶tiveÏly, adv. AsÏtric¶toÏry (?), a. Astrictive. [R.] AÏstride¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + stride.] With one leg on each side, as a man when on horseback; with the legs stretched wide apart; astraddle. Placed astride upon the bars of the palisade. Sir W. Scott. Glasses with horn bows sat astride on his nose. Longfellow. AsÏtrif¶erÏous (?), a. [L. astrifer; astrum star + ferre to bear.] Bearing stars. [R.] Blount. AsÏtringe¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astringed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Astringing (?).] [L. astringere; ad + stringere to draw tight. Cf. Astrict, and see Strain, v. t.] 1. To bind fast; to constrict; to contract; to cause parts to draw together; to compress. Which contraction... astringeth the moistu?? ? br?? and thereby sendeth tears into the eyes. Bacon. 2. To bind by moral or legal obligation. Wolsey. AsÏtrin¶genÏcy (?), n. The quality of being astringent; the power of contracting the parts of the body; that quality in medicines or other substances which causes contraction of the organic textures; as, the astringency of tannin. AsÏtrin¶gent (?), a. [L. astringens, p. pr. of astringere: cf. F. astringent. See Astringe.] 1. Drawing together the tissues; binding; contracting; Ð opposed to laxative; as, astringent medicines; a butter and astringent taste; astringent fruit. 2. Stern; austere; as, an astringent type of virtue. AsÏtrin¶gent, n. A medicine or other substance that produces contraction in the soft organic textures, and checks discharges of blood, mucus, etc. External astringents are called styptics. Dunglison. AsÏtrin¶gentÏly, adv. In an astringent manner. AsÏtrin¶ger (?),n. [OE. ostreger, OF. ostrucier, F. autoursier, fr. OF. austour, ostor, hawk, F. autour; cf. L. acceptor, for accipiter, hawk.] A falconer who keeps a goschawk. [Obs.] Shak. Cowell. [Written also austringer.] As¶troÏ (?). The combining form of the Greek word ?, meaning star. As¶troÏfel, As¶troÏfell } (?), n. A bitter herb, probably the same as aster, or starwort. Spenser. AsÏtrog¶eÏny (?), n. [AstroÏ + Gr. ? birth.] The creation or evolution of the stars or the heavens. H. Spencer. AsÏtrog¶noÏsy (?), n. [AstroÏ + Gr. ? knowledge.] The science or knowledge of the stars, esp. the fixed stars. Bouvier. AsÏtrog¶oÏny (?), n. Same as Astrogeny. Ð As·ÏtroÏgon¶ic (?), a. AsÏtrog¶raÏphy (?), n. [AstroÏ + Ïgraphy.] The art of describing or delineating the stars; a description or mapping of the heavens. As¶troÏite (?), n. [L. astroites: cf. F. astroite.] A radiated stone or fossil; starÐstone. [Obs.] [Written also astrite and astrion.] As¶troÏlabe (?), n. [OE. astrolabie, astrilabe, OF. astrelabe, F. astrolabe, LL. astrolabium, fr. Gr. ?; ? star + ?, ?, to take.] 1. (Astron.) An instrument for observing or showing the positions of the stars. It is now disused. µ Among the ancients, it was essentially the armillary sphere. A graduated circle with sights, for taking altitudes at sea, was called an astrolabe in the 18th century. It is now superseded by the quadrant and sextant. 2. A stereographic projection of the sphere on the plane of a great circle, as the equator, or a meridian; a planisphere. Whewell. AsÏtrol¶aÏter (?), n. A worshiper of the stars. Morley. AsÏtrol¶aÏtry (?), n. [AstroÏ + Gr. ? service, worship: cf. F. astrolƒtrie.] The worship of the stars. As·troÏliÏthol¶oÏgy (?), n. [AstroÏ + lithology.] The science of a‰rolites. AsÏtrol¶oÏger (?), n. [See Astrology.] 1. One who studies the stars; an astronomer. [Obs.] 2. One who practices astrology; one who professes to foretell events by the aspects and situation of the stars. As·troÏlo¶giÏan (?), n. [OF. astrologien.] An astrologer. [Obs.] As·troÏlog¶ic (?), As·troÏlog¶icÏal (?), } a. [Gr. ?.] Of or pertaining to astrology; professing or practicing astrology. ½Astrologi? learning.¸ Hudibras. ½Astrological prognostication.¸ Cudworth. Ð As·troÏlog¶icÏalÏly, adv. AsÏtrol¶oÏgize (?), v. t. & i. To apply astrology to; to study or practice astrology. AsÏtrol¶oÏgy (?), n. [F. astrologie, L. astrologia, fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? astronomer, astrologer; ? star + ? discourse, ? to speak. See Star.] In its etymological signification, the science of the stars; among the ancients, synonymous with astronomy; subsequently, the art of judging of the influences of the stars upon human affairs, and of foretelling events by their position and aspects. µ Astrology was much in vogue during the Middle Ages, and became the parent of modern astronomy, as alchemy did of chemistry. It was divided into two kinds: judicial astrology, which assumed to foretell the fate and acts of nations and individuals, and natural astrology, which undertook to predict events of inanimate nature, such as changes of the weather, etc. As·troÏman¶tic (?), a. [Gr. ? astrology.] Of or pertaining to divination by means of the stars; astrologic. [R.] Dr. H. More. As·troÏme·teÏorÏol¶oÏgy (?), n. [AstroÏ + meteorology.] The investigation of the relation between the sun, moon, and stars, and the weather. Ð As·ÏtroÏme·teÏor·oÏlog¶icÏal (?), a. Ð As·troÏme·teÏorÏol¶oÏgist (?), n. AsÏtrom¶eÏter (?), n. [AstroÏ + Ïmeter.] An instrument for comparing the relative amount of the light of stars. AsÏtrom¶eÏtry (?), n. [AstroÏ + Ïmetry.] The art of making measurements among the stars, or of determining their relative magnitudes. AsÏtron¶oÏmer (?), n. [See Astronomy.] 1. An astrologer. [Obs.] Shak. 2. One who is versed in astronomy; one who has a knowledge of the laws of the heavenly orbs, or the principles by which their motions are regulated, with their various phenomena. An undevout astronomer is mad. Young. As·troÏno¶miÏan (?), n. [OE. & OF. astronomien. See Astronomy.] An astrologer. [Obs.] As·troÏnom¶ic (?), a. Astronomical.

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As·troÏnom¶icÏal (?), a. [L. astronomicus, Gr. ?: cf. F. astronomique.] Of or pertaining to astronomy; in accordance with the methods or principles of astronomy. Ð As·troÏnom¶icÏalÏly, adv. ÷ clock. See under Clock. Ð ÷ day. See under Clock. Ð ÷ day. See under Day. Ð ÷ fractions, ÷ numbers. See under Sexagesimal. AsÏtron¶oÏmize , v. i. [Gr. ?.] To study or to talk astronomy. [R.] They astronomized in caves. Sir T. Browne. AsÏtron¶oÏmy (?), n. [OE. astronomie, F. astronomie, L. astronomia, fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? astronomer; ? star + ? to distribute, regulate. See Star, and Nomad.] 1. Astrology. [Obs.] Not from the stars do I my judgment pluck; And yet methinks I have astronomy. Shak. 2. The science which treats of the celestial bodies, of their magnitudes, motions, distances, periods of revolution, eclipses, constitution, physical condition, and of the causes of their various phenomena. 3. A treatise on, or textÐbook of, the science. Physical ~. See under Physical. As¶troÏphel (?), n. See Astrofel.ÿ[Obs.] As·troÏphoÏtog¶raÏphy (?), n. [AstroÏ + photography.] The application of photography to the delineation of the sun, moon, and stars. As·troÏphys¶icÏal (?), a. Pertaining to the physics of astronomical science. Ø AsÏtroph¶yÏton (?), n. [AstroÏ + Gr. ? a plant.] (Zo”l.) A genus of ophiurans having the arms much branched. As¶troÏscope (?), n. [AstroÏ + scope.] An old astronomical instrument, formed of two cones, on whose surface the constellations were delineated. AsÏtros¶coÏpy (?), n. Observation of the stars. [Obs.] As·troÏtheÏol¶ÏoÏgy (?), n. [AstroÏ + theology.] Theology founded on observation or knowledge of the celestial bodies. Derham. AÏstruc¶tive (?), a. [L. astructus, p. p. of astruere to build up; ad + struere to build.] Building up; constructive; Ð opposed to destructive.ÿ[Obs.] AÏstrut¶ (?), a. & adv. 1. Sticking out, or puffed out; swelling; in a swelling manner. [Archaic] Inflated and astrut with selfÐconceit. Cowper. 2. In a strutting manner; with a strutting gait. AsÏtu¶cious (?), a. [F. astucieux. See Astute.] Subtle; cunning; astute. [R.] Sir W. Scott. Ð AsÏtu¶ciousÏly, adv. [R.] AsÏtu¶ciÏty (?), n. [See Astucious.] Craftiness; astuteness. [R.] Carlyle. AÏstun¶ (?), v. t. [See Astony, Stun.] To stun. [Obs.] ½Breathless and astunned.¸ Somerville. AsÏtu¶riÏan (?), a. Of or pertaining to Asturias in Spain. Ð n. A native of Asturias. AsÏtute¶ (?), a. [L. astutus, fr. astus craft, cunning; perh. cognate with E. acute.] Critically discerning; sagacious; shrewd; subtle; crafty. Syn. - Keen; eagleÐeyed; penetrating; skilled; discriminating; cunning; sagacious; subtle; wily; crafty. Ð AsÏtute¶ly, adv. Ð AsÏtute¶ness, n. AÏsty¶lar (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + ? pillar.] (arch.) Without columns pr pilasters. Weale. AÏstyl¶len (?), n. (Mining) A small dam to prevent free passage of water in an adit or level. AÏsun¶der (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + sunder.] Apart; separate from each other; into parts; in two; separately; into or in different pieces or places. I took my staff, even Beauty, and cut it asunder. Zech. xi. 10. As wide asunder as pole and pole. Froude. Ø AÏsu¶ra (?), n. (Hind. Myth.) An enemy of the gods, esp. one of a race of demons and giants. Ø As¶wail (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) The sloth bear (Melursus labiatus) of India. AÏswewe¶ (?), v. t. [AS. aswebban; a + swebban. See Sweven.] To stupefy. [Obs.] Chaucer. AÏswing¶ (?), adv. In a state of swinging. AÏswoon¶ (?), adv. In a swoon. Chaucer. AÏswooned¶ (?), adv. In a swoon. AÏsy¶lum (?), n.; pl. E. Asylums (?), L. Asyla (?). [L. asylum, Gr. ?, fr. ? exempt from spoliation, inviolable; ? priv. + ? right of seizure.] 1. A sanctuary or place of refuge and protection, where criminals and debtors found shelter, and from which they could not be forcibly taken without sacrilege. So sacred was the church to some, that it had the right of an asylum or sanctuary. Ayliffe. µ The name was anciently given to temples, altars, statues of the gods, and the like. In later times Christian churches were regarded as asylums in the same sense. 2. Any place of retreat and security. Earth has no other asylum for them than its own cold bosom. Southey. 3. An institution for the protection or relief of some class of destitute, unfortunate, or afflicted persons; as, an asylum for the aged, for the blind, or for the insane; a lunatic asylum; an orphan asylum. AÏsym¶meÏtral (?), a. Incommensurable; also, unsymmetrical. [Obs.] D. H. More. As·ymÏmet¶ric (?), As·ymÏmet¶riÏcal (?), } a. [See Asymmetrous.] 1. Incommensurable. [Obs.] 2. Not symmetrical; wanting proportion; esp., not bilaterally symmetrical. Huxley. AÏsym¶meÏtrous (?), a. [Gr. ?.] Asymmetrical. [Obs.] Barrow. AÏsym¶meÏtry (?), n. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? symmetry.] 1. Want of symmetry, or proportion between the parts of a thing, esp. want of bilateral symmetry. 2. (Math.) Incommensurability. [Obs.] Barrow. As¶ympÏtote (?; 215), n. [Gr. ? not falling together; ? priv. + ? to fall together; ? with + ? to fall. Cf. Symptom.] (Math.) A line which approaches nearer to some curve than assignable distance, but, though infinitely extended, would never meet it. Asymptotes may be straight lines or curves. A rectilinear asymptote may be conceived as a tangent to the curve at an infinite distance. As·ympÏtot¶ic (?), As·ympÏtot¶icÏal (?), } a. Pertaining to, or partaking of the nature of, an asymptote; as, asymptotical lines, surfaces, or planes. Ð As·ympÏtot¶icÏly, adv. AÏsyn¶arÏtete· (?), a. [Gr. ? not united, disconnected; ? priv. + ? with + ? to fasten to.] Disconnected; not fitted or adjusted. Ð AÏsyn¶arÏtet¶ic (?), a. ÷ verse (Pros.), a verse of two members, having different rhythms; as when the first consists of iambuses and the second of trochees. As·ynÏdet¶ic (?), a. [See Asyndeton.] Characterized by the use of asyndeton; not connected by conjunctions. Ð As·ynÏdet¶icÏalÏly, adv. AÏsyn¶deÏton (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? unconnected; ? priv. + ? bound together, fr. ?; ? with + ? to bind.] (Rhet.) A figure which omits the connective; as, I came, I saw, I conquered. It stands opposed to polysyndeton. AÏsys¶toÏle (?)(?), n. [Pref. aÏ not + systole.] (Physiol.) A weakening or cessation of the contractile power of the heart. AÏsys¶toÏlism (?), n. The state or symptoms characteristic of asystole. At (?), prep. [AS. ‘t; akin to OHG. az, Goth., OS., & Icel. at, Sw. †t, Dan. & L. ad.] Primarily, this word expresses the relations of presence, nearness in place or time, or direction toward; as, at the ninth hour; at the house; to aim at a mark. It is less definite than in or on; at the house may be in or near the house. From this original import are derived all the various uses of at. It expresses: Ð 1. A relation of proximity to, or of presence in or on, something; as, at the door; at your shop; at home; at school; at hand; at sea and on land. 2. The relation of some state or condition; as, at war; at peace; at ease; at your service; at fault; at liberty; at risk; at disadvantage. 3. The relation of some employment or action; occupied with; as, at engraving; at husbandry; at play; at work; at meat (eating); except at puns. 4. The relation of a point or position in a series, or of degree, rate, or value; as, with the thermometer at 800; goods sold at a cheap price; a country estimated at 10,000 square miles; life is short at the longest. 5. The relations of time, age, or order; as, at ten o'clock; at twentyÐone; at once; at first. 6. The relations of source, occasion, reason, consequence, or effect; as, at the sight; at this news; merry at anything; at this declaration; at his command; to demand, require, receive, deserve, endure at your hands. 7. Relation of direction toward an object or end; as, look at it; to point at one; to aim at a mark; to throw, strike, shoot, wink, mock, laugh at any one. At all, At home, At large, At last, At length, At once, etc. See under All, Home, Large, Last (phrase and syn.), Length, Once, etc. Ð At it, busily or actively engaged. Ð At least. See Least and However. Ð At one. See At one, in the Vocabulary. Syn. - In, At. When reference to the interior of any place is made prominent in is used. It is used before the names of countries and cities (esp. large cities); as, we live in America, in New York, in the South. At is commonly employed before names of houses, institutions, villages, and small places; as, Milton was educated at Christ's College; money taken in at the Customhouse; I saw him at the jeweler's; we live at Beachville. At may be used before the name of a city when it is regarded as a mere point of locality. ½An English king was crowned at Paris.¸ Macaulay. ½Jean Jacques Rousseau was born at Geneva, June, 28, 1712.¸ J. Morley. In regard to time, we say at the hour, on the day, in the year; as, at 9 o'clock, on the morning of July 5th, in the year 1775. At¶aÏbal (?), n. [Sp. atabal, fr. Ar. atÐtabl the drum, tabala to beat the drum. Cf. Tymbal.] A kettledrum; a kind of tabor, used by the Moors. Croly. AÏtac¶aÏmite (?), n. [From the desert of Atacama, where found.] (Min.) An oxychloride of copper, usually in emeraldÐgreen prismatic crystals. At·aft¶er (?), prep. After. [Obs.] Chaucer. At¶aÏghan (?), n. See Yataghan. AÏtake¶ (?), v. t. To overtake. [Obs.] Chaucer. At¶aÏman (?), n. [Russ. ataman': cf. Pol. hetman, G. hauptmann headman, chieftain. Cf. Hetman.] A hetman, or chief of the Cossacks. Ø At·aÏrax¶iÏa (?), At¶aÏrax·y (?), } n. [NL. ataraxia, Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? disturbed, ? to disturb.] Perfect peace of mind, or calmness. AÏtaunt¶ (?), AÏtaunt¶o (?), } adv. [F. autant as much (as possible).] (Naut.) Fully rigged, as a vessel; with all sails set; set on end or set right. AÏtav¶ic (?), a. [Cf. F. atavique.] Pertaining to a remote ancestor, or to atavism. At¶aÏvism (?), n. [L. atavus an ancestor, fr. avus a grandfather.] (a) The recurrence, or a tendency to a recurrence, of the original type of a species in the progeny of its varieties; resemblance to remote rather than to near ancestors; reversion to the original form. (b) (Biol.) The recurrence of any peculiarity or disease of an ancestor in a subsequent generation, after an intermission for a generation or two. Now and then there occur cases of what physiologists call atavism, or reversion to an ancestral type of character. J. Fiske. Ø AÏtax¶iÏa (?), At¶axÏy (?), } n. [NL. ataxia, Gr. ?, fr. ? out of order; ? priv. + ? ordered, arranged, ? to put in order: cf. F. ataxie.] 1. Disorder; irregularity. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. 2. (Med.) (a) Irregularity in disease, or in the functions. (b) The state of disorder that characterizes nervous fevers and the nervous condition. Locomotor ataxia. See Locomotor. AÏtax¶ic (?), a. [Cf. F. ataxique. See Ataxia.] (Med.) Characterized by ataxy, that is, (a) by great irregularity of functions or symptoms, or (b) by a want of coordinating power in movements. ÷ fever, malignant typhus fever. Pinel. At·aÏzir¶ (?), n. [OF., fr. Ar. alÐtasÆr influence.] (Astron.) The influence of a star upon other stars or upon men. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ate (?; 277), the preterit of Eat. A¶te (?), n. [Gr. ?.] (Greek. Myth.) The goddess of mischievous folly; also, in later poets, the goddess of vengeance. Ïate (?). [From the L. suffix Ïatus, the past participle ending of verbs of the 1st conj.] 1. As an ending of participles or participial adjectives it is equivalent to Ïed; as, situate or situated; animate or animated. 2. As the ending of a verb, it means to make, to cause, to act, etc.; as, to propitiate (to make propitious); to animate (to give life to). 3. As a noun suffix, it marks the agent; as, curate, delegate. It also sometimes marks the office or dignity; as, tribunate. 4. In chemistry it is used to denote the salts formed from those acids whose names end Ïic (excepting binary or halogen acids); as, sulphate from sulphuric acid, nitrate from nitric acid, etc. It is also used in the case of certain basic salts. AÏtech¶nic (?), a. [Pref. aÏ not + technic.] Without technical or artistic knowledge. Difficult to convey to the atechnic reader. Etching & Engr. Ø At¶eÏles (?), n. [Gr. ? incomplete; ? priv. + ? completion.] (Zo”l.) A genus of American monkeys with prehensile tails, and having the thumb wanting or rudimentary. See Spider monkey, and Coaita. Ø A·teÏlier¶ (?)(?) n. [F.] A workshop; a studio. AÏtel¶lan (?), a. [L. Atellanus, fr. Atella, an ancient town of the Osci, in Campania.] Of or pertaining to Atella, in ancient Italy; as, Atellan plays; farcical; ribald. Ð n. A farcical drama performed at Atella. AÏthal¶aÏmous (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + ? nuptial bed.] (Bot.) Not furnished with shields or beds for the spores, as the thallus of certain lichens. Ath¶aÏmaunt (?), n. Adamant. [Obs.] Written in the table of athamaunt. Chaucer. Ath·aÏna¶sian (?; 277), a. Of or pertaining to Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria in the 4th century. ÷ creed, a formulary, confession, or exposition of faith, formerly supposed to have been drawn up by Athanasius; but this opinion is now rejected, and the composition is ascribed by some to Hilary, bishop of Arles (5th century). It is a summary of what was called the orthodox faith. Ath¶aÏnor (?), n. [F., fr. Ar. atÏtann?r, fr. Heb. tann?r an oven or furnace.] A digesting furnace, formerly used by alchemists. It was so constructed as to maintain uniform and durable heat. Chambers. Ø Ath·eÏca¶ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? priv. + ? chest, box.] (Zo”l.) A division of Hydroidea in which the zooids are naked, or not inclosed in a capsule. See Tubularian. At¶theÏism (?), n. [Cf. F. ath‚isme. See Atheist.] 1. The disbelief or denial of the existence of a God, or supreme intelligent Being. Atheism is a ferocious system, that leaves nothing above us to excite awe, nor around us to awaken tenderness. R. Hall. Atheism and pantheism are often wrongly confounded. Shipley. 2. Godlessness. A¶theÏist, n. [Gr. ? without god; ? priv. + ? god: cf. F. ath‚iste.] 1. One who disbelieves or denies the existence of a God, or supreme intelligent Being. 2. A godless person. [Obs.] Syn. - Infidel; unbeliever. See Infidel. A·theÏis¶tic (?), A·theÏis¶ticÏal (?), } a. 1. Pertaining to, implying, or containing, atheism; Ð applied to things; as, atheistic doctrines, opinions, or books. Atheistical explications of natural effects. Barrow. 2. Disbelieving the existence of a God; impious; godless; Ð applied to persons; as, an atheistic writer. Ð A·theÏis¶ticÏalÏly, adv. Ð A·theÏis¶ticÏalÏness, n. A¶theÏize (?), v. t. To render atheistic or godless. [R.] They endeavored to atheize one another. Berkeley. A¶theÏize, v. i. To discourse, argue, or act as an atheist. [R.] Ð A¶theÏi·zer (?), n. Cudworth.

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Ath¶elÏing (?), n. [AS. ‘?eling noble, fr. ‘?ele noble, akin to G. adel nobility, edel noble. The word ‘?el, E. ethel, is in many AS. proper names, as Ethelwolf, noble wolf; Ethelbald, noble bold; Ethelbert, noble bright.] An AngloÐSaxon prince or nobleman; esp., the heir apparent or a prince of the royal family. [Written also Adeling and ’theling.] Ath·eÏne¶um, Ath·eÏn‘¶um } (?), n. pl. E. Atheneums (?), L. Athen‘a (?). [L. Athenaemum, Gr. ? a temple of Minerva at Athens, fr. ?, contr. fr. ?, ?, in Homer ?, ?, Athene (called Minerva by the Romans), the tutelary goddess of Athens.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) A temple of Athene, at Athens, in which scholars and poets were accustomed to read their works and instruct students. 2. A school founded at Rome by Hadrian. 3. A literary or scientific association or club. 4. A building or an apartment where a library, periodicals, and newspaper? are kept for use. AÏthe¶niÏan (?), a. [Cf. F. Ath‚nien.] Of or pertaining to Athens, the metropolis of Greece. Ð n. A native or citizen of Athens. A·theÏoÏlog¶icÏal (?), a. Opposed to theology; atheistic. Bp. Montagu. A·theÏol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Pref. aÏ not + theology.] Antagonism to theology. Swift. A¶theÏous (?), a. [Gr. ? without God. See Atheist.] 1. Atheistic; impious. [Obs.] Milton. 2. Without God, neither accepting nor denying him. I should say science was atheous, and therefore could not be atheistic. Bp. of Carlisle. Ath¶erÏine (?), n. [NL. atherina, fr. Gr. ? a kind of smelt.] (Zo”l.) A small marine fish of the family Atherinid‘,ÿhaving a silvery stripe along the sides. The European species (Atherina presbyter) is used as food. The American species (Menidia notata) is called silversides and sand smelt. See Silversides. AÏther¶manÏcy (?), n. [See Athermanous.] Inability to transmit radiant; impermeability to heat. Tyndall. AÏther¶maÏnous (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + ? to heat, ? heat: cf. F. athermane.] (Chem.) Not transmitting heat; Ð opposed to diathermanous. AÏther¶mous (?), a. (Chem.) Athermanous. Ath¶erÏoid (?), a. [Gr. ?, ?, a beard, or an ear, of grain + Ïoid.] Shaped like an ear of grain. Ø Ath·eÏro¶ma (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, ?, fr. ? gr?ats, meal.] (Med.) (a) An encysted tumor containing curdy matter. (b) A disease characterized by thickening and fatty degeneration of the inner coat of the arteries. Ath·eÏrom¶aÏtous (?), a. (Med.) Of, pertaining to, or having the nature of, atheroma. Wiseman. Ø Ath·eÏto¶sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? not fixed; ? priv. + ? to set.] (Med.) A variety of chorea, marked by peculiar tremors of the fingers and toes. AÏthink¶ (?), v. t. To repent; to displease; to disgust. [Obs.] Chaucer. AÏthirst¶ (?), a. [OE. ofthurst, AS. ofpyrsted, p. p. of ofpyrstan; pref. ofÏ, intensive + pyrstan to thirst. See Thirst.] 1. Wanting drink; thirsty. 2.ÿHaving a keen appetite or desire; eager; longing. ½Athirst for battle.¸ Cowper. Ath¶lete (?), n. [L. athleta, Gr. ? prizefighter, fr. ? to contend for a prize, ?, Hom. ?, contest, ? prize; fr. the same root as E. wed: cf. F. athlŠte.] 1. (Antiq.) One who contended for a prize in the public games of ancient Greece or Rome. 2. Any one trained to contend in exercises requiring great physical agility and strength; one who has great activity and strength; a champion. 3. One fitted for, or skilled in, intellectual contests; as, athletes of debate. Ath·let¶ic (?), a. [L. athleticus, Gr. ?. See Athlete.] 1. Of or pertaining to athletes or to the exercises practiced by them; as, athletic games or sports. 2. Befitting an athlete; strong; muscular; robust; vigorous; as, athletic Celts. ½Athletic soundness.¸ South. Ð AthÏlet¶icÏalÏly (?), adv. AthÏlet¶iÏcism (?), n. The practice of engaging in athletic games; athletism. AthÏlet¶ics (?), n. The art of training by athletic exercises; the games and sports of athletes. Ath¶leÏtism (?), n. The state or practice of an athlete; the characteristics of an athlete. AÏthwart¶ (?), prep. [Pref. aÏ + thwart.] 1. Across; from side to side of. Athwart the thicket lone. Tennyson. 2. (Naut.) Across the direction or course of; as, a fleet standing athwart our course. ÷ hawse, across the stem of another vessel, whether in contact or at a small distance. Ð ÷ ships, across the ship from side to side, or in that direction; Ð opposed to fore and aft. AÏthwart¶, adv. 1. Across, especially in an oblique direction; sidewise; obliquely. Sometimes athwart, sometimes he strook him straight. Spenser. 2. Across the course; so as to thwart; perversely. All athwart there came A post from Wales loaden with heavy news. Shak. AÏtilt¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + tilt.] 1. In the manner of a tilter; in the position, or with the action, of one making a thrust. ½To run atilt at men.¸ Hudibras. 2. In the position of a cask tilted, or with one end raised. [In this sense sometimes used as an adjective.] Abroach, atilt, and run Even to the lees of honor. Beau. & Fl. At¶iÏmy (?), n. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? honor.] (Gr. Antiq.) Public disgrace or stigma; infamy; loss of civil rights. Mitford. Ïa¶tion (?). [L. Ïationem. See Ïtion.] A suffix forming nouns of action, and often equivalent to the verbal substantive in Ïing. It sometimes has the further meanings of state, and that which results from the action. Many of these nouns have verbs in Ïate; as, alliterate Ïation, narrate Ïation; many are derived through the French; as, alteration, visitation; and many are formed on verbs ending in the Greek formative Ïize (Fr. Ïise); as, civilization, demoralization. AÐtip¶toe (?), adv. One tiptoe; eagerly expecting. We all feel aÏtiptoe with hope and confidence. F. Harrison. Ø AtÏlan¶ta (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?.] (Zo”l.) A genus of small glassy heteropod mollusks found swimming at the surface in mid ocean. See Heteropod. AtÏlan¶tal (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Relating to the atlas. (b) Anterior; cephalic. Barclay. At·lanÏte¶an (?), a. [L. Atlant?us.] 1. Of or pertaining to the isle Atlantis, which the ancients allege was sunk, and overwhelmed by the ocean. 2. Pertaining to, or resembling, Atlas; strong. With Atlantean shoulders, fit to bear The weight of mightiest monarchies. Milton. Ø AtÏlan¶tes (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. ?, pl. of ?. See Atlas.] (Arch.) Figures or half figures of men, used as columns to support an entablature; Ð called also telamones. See Caryatides. Oxf. Gloss. AtÏlan¶tic (?), a. [L. Atlanticus, fr. Atlas. See Atlas and Atlantes.] 1. Of or pertaining to Mt. Atlas in Libya, and hence applied to the ocean which lies between Europe and Africa on the east and America on the west; as, the Atlantic Ocean (called also the Atlantic); the Atlantic basin; the Atlantic telegraph. 2. Of or pertaining to the isle of Atlantis. 3. Descended from Atlas. The seven Atlantic sisters. Milton. Ø AtÏlan¶tiÏdes (?), n. pl. [L. See Atlantes.] The Pleiades or seven stars, fabled to have been the daughters of Atlas. At¶las (?), n.; pl. Atlases (?). [L. Atlas, Ïantis, Gr. ?, ?, one of the older family of gods, who bears up the pillars of heaven; also Mt. Atlas, in W. Africa, regarded as the pillar of heaven. It is from the root of ? to bear. See Tolerate.] 1. One who sustains a great burden. 2.ÿ(Anat.) The first vertebra of the neck, articulating immediately with the skull, thus sustaining the globe of the head, whence the name. 3. A collection of maps in a volume; Ð supposed to be so called from a picture of ÷ supporting the world, prefixed to some collections. This name is said to have been first used by Mercator, the celebrated geographer, in the 16th century. 4. A volume of plates illustrating any subject. 5. A work in which subjects are exhibited in a tabular from or arrangement; as, an historical atlas. 6. A large, square folio, resembling a volume of maps; Ð called also atlas folio. 7. A drawing paper of large size. See under Paper, n. ÷ powder, a nitroglycerin blasting compound of pasty consistency and great explosive power. At¶las, n. [Ar., smooth.] A rich kind of satin manufactured in India. Brande & C. At·miÏdom¶eÏter (?), n. [Gr. ?, ?, smoke, vapor + Ïmeter; cf. F. atmidomŠtre.] An instrument for measuring the evaporation from water, ice, or snow. Brande & C. At¶mo (?), n. [Contr. fr. atmosphere.] (Physics) The standard atmospheric pressure used in certain physical measurements calculations; conventionally, that pressure under which the barometer stands at 760 millimeters, at a temperature of 00 Centigrade, at the level of the sea, and in the latitude of Paris. Sir W. Thomson. At·moÏlog¶ic (?), At·moÏlog¶icÏal (?), } a. Of or pertaining to atmology. ½Atmological laws of heat.¸ Whewell. AtÏmol¶oÏgist (?), n. One who is versed in atmology. AtÏmol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ? vapor + Ïlogy.] (Physics) That branch of science which treats of the laws and phenomena of aqueous vapor. Whewell. AtÏmol¶yÏsis (?), n. [Gr. ? vapor + ? a loosing, ? to loose.] (Chem.) The act or process of separating mingled gases of unequal diffusibility by transmission through porous substances. At·molÏyÏza¶tion , n. (Chem.) Separation by atmolysis. At¶moÏlyze (?), v. t. (Chem.) To subject to atmolysis; to separate by atmolysis. At¶moÏly·zer (?), n. (Chem.) An apparatus for effecting atmolysis. AtÏmom¶eÏter (?), n. [Gr. ? smoke, vapor + Ïmeter: cf. F. atmomŠtre.] An instrument for measuring the rate of evaporation from a moist surface; an evaporometer. Huxley. At¶mosÏphere (?), n. [Gr. ? vapor (akin to Skr. ¾tman breath, soul, G. athem breath) + ? sphere: cf. F. atmosphŠre. See Sphere.] 1. (Physics) (a) The whole mass of a‰riform fluid surrounding the earth; Ð applied also to the gaseous envelope of any celestial orb, or other body; as, the atmosphere of Mars. (b) Any gaseous envelope or medium. An atmosphere of cold oxygen. Miller. 2. A supposed medium around various bodies; as, electrical atmosphere, a medium formerly supposed to surround electrical bodies. Franklin. 3. The pressure or weight of the air at the sea level, on a unit of surface, or about 14.7 Ibs. to the sq. inch. Hydrogen was liquefied under a pressure of 650 atmospheres. Lubbock. 4. Any surrounding or pervading influence or condition. The chillest of social atmospheres. Hawthorne. 5. The portion of air in any locality, or affected by a special physical or sanitary condition; as, the atmosphere of the room; a moist or noxious atmosphere. At·mosÏpher¶ic (?), At·mosÏpher¶icÏal (?), } a. [Cf. F. atmosph‚rique.] 1. Of or pertaining to the atmosphere; of the nature of, or resembling, the atmosphere; as, atmospheric air; the atmospheric envelope of the earth. 2. Existing in the atmosphere. The lower atmospheric current. Darwin. 3. Caused, or operated on, by the atmosphere; as, an atmospheric effect; an atmospheric engine. 4. Dependent on the atmosphere. [R.] In am so atmospherical a creature. Pope. Atmospheric engine, a steam engine whose piston descends by the pressure of the atmosphere, when the steam which raised it is condensed within the cylinder. Tomlinson. Ð Atmospheric line (Steam Engin.), the equilibrium line of an indicator card. Steam is expanded ½down to the atmosphere¸ when its pressure is equal to that of the atmosphere. (See Indicator card.) Ð Atmospheric pressure, the pressure exerted by the atmosphere, not merely downwards, but in every direction. In amounts to about 14.7 Ibs. on each square inch. Ð Atmospheric railway, one in which pneumatic power, obtained from compressed air or the creation of a vacuum, is the propelling force. Ð Atmospheric tides. See under Tide. At·mosÏpher¶icÏalÏly (?), adv. In relation to the atmosphere. At·mosÏpheÏrol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Atmosphere + Ïlogy.] The science or a treatise on the atmosphere. At¶oÏkous (?), a. [Gr. ? barren; ? priv. + ? offspring.] (Zo”l.) Producing only asexual individuals, as the eggs of certain annelids. AÏtoll¶ (?), n. [The native name in the Indian Ocean.] A coral island or islands, consisting of a belt of coral reef, partly submerged, surrounding a central lagoon or depression; a lagoon island. At¶om (?), n. [L. atomus, Gr. ?, uncut, indivisible; ? priv. + ?, verbal adj. of ? to cut: cf. F. atome. See Tome.] 1. (Physics) (a) An ultimate indivisible particle of matter. (b) An ultimate particle of matter not necessarily indivisible; a molecule. (c) A constituent particle of matter, or a molecule supposed to be made up of subordinate particles. µ These three definitions correspond to different views of the nature of the ultimate particles of matter. In the case of the last two, the particles are more correctly called molecules. Dana. 2.ÿ(Chem.) The smallest particle of matter that can enter into combination; one of the elementary constituents of a molecule. 3. Anything extremely small; a particle; a whit. There was not an atom of water. Sir J. Ross. At¶om, v. t. To reduce to atoms. [Obs.] Feltham. AÏtom¶ic (?), AÏtom¶icÏal (?), } a. [Cf. F. atomique.] 1. Of or pertaining to atoms. 2. Extremely minute; tiny. Atomic philosophy, or Doctrine of atoms, a system which assuming that atoms are endued with gravity and motion accounted thus for the origin and formation of all things. This philosophy was first broached by Leucippus, was developed by Democritus, and afterward improved by Epicurus, and hence is sometimes denominated the Epicurean philosophy. Ð Atomic theory, or the Doctrine of definite proportions (Chem.), teaches that chemical combinations take place between the supposed ultimate particles or atoms of bodies, in some simple ratio, as of one to one, two to three, or some other, always expressible in whole numbers. Ð Atomic weight (Chem.), the weight of the atom of an element as compared with the weight of the atom of hydrogen, taken as a standard. AÏtom¶icÏalÏly, adv. In an atomic manner; in accordance with the atomic philosophy. At·oÏmi¶cian (?), n. An atomist. [R.] AÏtom¶iÏcism (?), n. Atomism. [Obs.] At·oÏmic¶iÏty (?), n. [Cf. F. atomicit‚.] (Chem.) Degree of atomic attraction; equivalence; valence; also (a later use) the number of atoms in an elementary molecule. See Valence. At¶omÏism (?), n. [Cf. F. atomisme.] The doctrine of atoms. See Atomic philosophy, under Atomic. At¶omÏist, n. [Cf. F. atomiste.] One who holds to the atomic philosophy or theory. Locke. At·omÏis¶tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to atoms; relating to atomism. [R.] It is the object of the mechanical atomistic philosophy to confound synthesis with synartesis. Coleridge. At·omÏiÏza¶tion , n. 1. The act of reducing to atoms, or very minute particles; or the state of being so reduced. 2. (Med.) The reduction of fluids into fine spray. At¶omÏize , v. t. To reduce to atoms, or to fine spray. The liquids in the form of spray are said to be pulverized, nebulized, or atomized. Dunglison.

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At¶omÏi·zer , n. One who, or that which, atomizes; esp., an instrument for reducing a liquid to spray for disinfecting, cooling, or perfuming. At·omÏol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Atom + Ïlogy.] The doctrine of atoms. Cudworth. At¶omÏy (?), n. An atom; a mite; a pigmy. At¶oÏmy (?), n. [For anatomy, taken as an atomy.] A skeleton. [Ludicrous] Shak. AÏton¶aÏble (?), a. Admitting an atonement; capable of being atoned for; expiable. At one¶ (?). [OE. at on, atone, atoon, attone.] 1. In concord or friendship; in agreement (with each other); as, to be, bring, make, or set, at one, i. e., to be or bring in or to a state of agreement or reconciliation. If gentil men, or othere of hir contree Were wrothe, she wolde bringen hem atoon. Chaucer. 2. Of the same opinion; agreed; as, on these points we are at one. 3. Together. [Obs.] Spenser. AÏtone¶ (?), v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Atoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Atoning.] [From at one, i. e., to be, or cause to be, at one. See At one.] 1. To agree; to be in accordance; to accord. [Obs.] He and Aufidius can no more atone Than violentest contrariety. Shak. 2. To stand as an equivalent; to make reparation, compensation, or amends, for an offense or a crime. The murderer fell, and blood atoned for blood. Pope. The ministry not atoning for their former conduct by any wise or popular measure. Junius. AÏtone¶, v. t. 1. To set at one; to reduce to concord; to reconcile, as parties at variance; to appease. [Obs.] I would do much To atone them, for the love I bear to Cassio. Shak. 2. To unite in making. [Obs. & R.] The four elements... have atoned A noble league. Ford. 3. To make satisfaction for; to expiate. Or each atone his guilty love with life. Pope. AÏtone¶ment (?), n. 1. (Literally, a setting at one.) Reconciliation; restoration of friendly relations; agreement; concord. [Archaic] By whom we have now received the atonement. Rom. v. 11. He desires to make atonement Betwixt the Duke of Gloucester and your brothers. Shak. 2. Satisfaction or reparation made by giving an equivalent for an injury, or by doing of suffering that which will be received in satisfaction for an offense or injury; expiation; amends; Ð with for. Specifically, in theology: The expiation of sin made by the obedience, personal suffering, and death of Christ. When a man has been guilty of any vice, the best atonement be can make for it is, to warn others. Spectator. The Phocians behaved with, so much gallantry, that they were thought to have made a sufficient atonement for their former offense. Potter. AÏton¶er (?), n. One who makes atonement. AtÏones (?), adv. [See At one.] [Obs.] Down he fell atones as a stone. Chaucer. AÏton¶ic (?), a. [Cf. F. atonique. See Atony.] 1. (Med.) Characterized by atony, or want of vital energy; as, an atonic disease. 2. (Gram.) Unaccented; as, an atonic syllable. 3. Destitute of tone vocality; surd. Rush. AÏton¶ic, n. 1. (Gram.) A word that has no accent. 2. An element of speech entirely destitute of vocality, or produced by the breath alone' a nonvocal or surd consonant; a breathing. Rush. 3. (Med.) A remedy capable of allaying organic excitement or irritation. Dunglison. At¶oÏny (?), n. [Gr. ? slackness; ? priv. + ? tone, strength, ? to stretch: cf. F. atonie.] (Med.) Want of tone; weakness of the system, or of any organ, especially of such as are contractile. AÏtop¶ (?), adv. On or at the top. Milton. At·raÏbiÏla¶riÏan (?), At·raÏbiÏla¶riÏous (?), } a. [LL. atrabilarius, fr. L. atra bilis black bile: cf. F. atrabilaire, fr. atrabile.] Affected with melancholy; atrabilious. Arbuthnot. At·raÏbiÏla¶riÏan, n. A person much given to melancholy; a hypochondriac. I. Disraeli. At·raÏbil¶iar (?), a. Melancholy; atrabilious. At·raÏbil¶iaÏry (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to atra bilis or black bile, a fluid formerly supposed to be produced by the kidneys. 2. Melancholic or hypohondriac; atrabilious; Ð from the supposed predominance of black bile, to the influence of which the ancients attributed hypochondria, melancholy, and mania. ÷ arteries, capsules, and veins (Anat.), those pertaining to the kidney; Ð called also renal arteries, capsules, and veins. At·raÏbil¶ious (?), a. Melancholic or hypochondriac; atrabiliary. Dunglision. A hardÐfaced, atrabilious, earnestÐeyed race. Lowell. He was constitutionally atrabilious and scornful. Froude. At·raÏmenÏta¶ceous (?), a. [L. atramentum ink, fr. ater black.] Black, like ink; inky; atramental. [Obs.] Derham. At·raÏmen¶tal (?), At·raÏmen¶tous (?), } a. Of or pertaining to ink; inky; black, like ink; as, atramental galls; atramentous spots. At·raÏmenÏta¶riÏous (?), a. [Cf. F. atramentaire. See Atramentaceous.] Like ink; suitable for making ink. Sulphate of iron (copperas, green vitriol) is called atramentarious, as being used in making ink. AtÏrede (?), v. t. [OE. at (AS. ‘t) out + rede.] To surpass in council. [Obs.] Men may the olde atrenne, but hat atrede. Chaucer. AtÏrenne¶ (?), v. t. [OE. at + renne to run.] To outrun. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ø AÏtre¶siÏa (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? not perforated.] (Med.) Absence or closure of a natural passage or channel of the body; imperforation. A¶triÏal , a. Of or pertaining to an atrium. AÏtrip¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + trip.] (Naut.) (a) Just hove clear of the ground; Ðsaid of the anchor. (b) Sheeted home, hoisted taut up and ready for trimming; Ð said of sails. (c) Hoisted up and ready to be swayed across; Ð said of yards. Ø A¶triÏum (?), n.; pl. Atria (?). [L., the fore court of a Roman house.] 1. (Arch.) (a) A square hall lighted from above, into which rooms open at one or more levels. (b) An open court with a porch or gallery around three or more sides; especially at the entrance of a basilica or other church. The name was extended in the Middle Ages to the open churchyard or cemetery. 2.ÿ(Anat.) The main part of either auricle of the heart as distinct from the auricular appendix. Also, the whole articular portion of the heart. 3.ÿ(Zo”l.) A cavity in ascidians into which the intestine and generative ducts open, and which also receives the water from the gills. See Ascidioidea. Ø At·roÏcha (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? priv. + ? a circle.] (Zo”l.) A kind of ch‘topod larva in which no circles of cilia are developed. AÏtro¶cious (?), a. [L. atrox, atrocis, cruel, fierce: cf. F. atroce.] 1. Extremely heinous; full of enormous wickedness; as, atrocious quilt or deeds. 2. Characterized by, or expressing, great atrocity, great atrocity. Revelations... so atrocious that nothing in history approaches them. De Quincey. 3. Very grievous or violent; terrible; as, atrocious distempers. [Obs.] Cheyne. Syn. - Atrocious, Flagitious, Flagrant. Flagitious points to an act as grossly wicked and vile; as, a flagitious proposal. Flagrant marks the vivid impression made upon the mind by something strikingly wrong or erroneous; as, a flagrant misrepresentation; a flagrant violation of duty. Atrocious represents the act as springing from a violent and savage spirit. If Lord Chatham, instead of saying ½the atrocious crime of being a young man,¸ had used either of the other two words, his irony would have lost all its point, in his celebrated reply to Sir Robert Walpole, as reported by Dr. Johnson. Ð AÏtro¶ciousÏly, adv. Ð AÏtro¶ciousÏness, n. AÏtroc¶iÏty (?), n.; pl. Atrocities (?). [F. atrocit‚, L. atrocitas, fr. atrox, atrocis, cruel.] 1. Enormous wickedness; extreme heinousness or cruelty. 2. An atrocious or extremely cruel deed. The atrocities which attend a victory. Macaulay. AÏtroph¶ic , a. Relating to atrophy. At¶roÏphied (?), p. a. Affected with atrophy, as a tissue or organ; arrested in development at a very early stage; rudimentary. At¶roÏphy (?), n. [L. atrophia, Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? to nourish: cf. F. atrophie.] A wasting away from of nourishment; diminution in bull or slow emaciation of the body or of any part. Milton. At¶roÏphy, v. t. [p. p. Atrophied (?).] To cause to waste away or become abortive; to starve or weaken. At¶roÏphy, v. i. To waste away; to dwindle. AÏtro¶piÏa (?), n. Same as Atropine. At¶roÏpine (?), n. [Gr. ? inflexible; hence ? ?, one of the three Parc‘; ? priv. + ? to turn.] (Chem.) A poisonous, white, crystallizable alkaloid, extracted from the Atropa belladonna, or deadly nightshade, and the Datura Stramonium, or thorn apple. It is remarkable for its power in dilating the pupil of the eye. Called also daturine. At¶roÏpism (?), n. (Med.) A condition of the system produced by long use of belladonna. At¶roÏpous (?), a. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? to turn.] (Bot.) Not inverted; orthotropous. A¶trous (?), a. [L. ater.] CoalÐblack; very black. Ø AÏtry¶pa (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? priv. + ? a hole.] (Paleon.) A extinct genus of Branchiopoda, very common in Silurian limestones. At¶taÏbal (?), n. See Atabal. Ø AtÏtac¶ca (?). [It., fr. attaccare to tie, bind. See Attach.] (Mus.) Attack at once; Ð a direction at the end of a movement to show that the next is to follow immediately, without any pause. AtÏtach¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attached (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Attaching.] [OF. atachier, F. attacher, to tie or fasten: cf. Celt. tac, tach, nail, E. tack a small nail, tack to fasten. Cf. Attack, and see Tack.] 1. To bind, fasten, tie, or connect; to make fast or join; as, to attach one thing to another by a string, by glue, or the like. The shoulder blade is... attached only to the muscles. Paley. A huge stone to which the cable was attached. Macaulay. 2. To connect; to place so as to belong; to assign by authority; to appoint; as, an officer is attached to a certain regiment, company, or ship. 3. To win the heart of; to connect by ties of love or selfÐinterest; to attract; to fasten or bind by moral influence; Ð with to; as, attached to a friend; attaching others to us by wealth or flattery. Incapable of attaching a sensible man. Miss Austen. God... by various ties attaches man to man. Cowper. 4. To connect, in a figurative sense; to ascribe or attribute; to affix; Ð with to; as, to attach great importance to a particular circumstance. Top this treasure a curse is attached. Bayard Taylor. 5. To take, seize, or lay hold of. [Obs.] Shak. 6. To take by legal authority: (a) To arrest by writ, and bring before a court, as to answer for a debt, or a contempt; Ð applied to a taking of the person by a civil process; being now rarely used for the arrest of a criminal. (b) To seize or take (goods or real estate) by virtue of a writ or precept to hold the same to satisfy a judgment which may be rendered in the suit. See Attachment, 4. The earl marshal attached Gloucester for high treason. Miss Yonge. Attached column (Arch.), a column engaged in a wall, so that only a part of its circumference projects from it. Syn. - To affix; bind; tie; fasten; connect; conjoin; subjoin; annex; append; win; gain over; conciliate. AtÏtach¶ (?), v. i. 1. To adhere; to be attached. The great interest which attaches to the mere knowledge of these facts cannot be doubted. Brougham. 2. To come into legal operation in connection with anything; to vest; as, dower will attach. Cooley. AtÏtach¶, n. An attachment. [Obs.] Pope. AtÏtach¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being attached; esp., liable to be taken by writ or precept. Ø At·taÏch‚¶ (?), n. [F., p. p. of attacher. See Attach, v. t.] One attached to another person or thing, as a part of a suite or staff. Specifically: One attached to an embassy. AtÏtach¶ment (?), n. [F. attachment.] 1. The act attaching, or state of being attached; close adherence or affection; fidelity; regard; an? passion of affection that binds a person; as, an attachment to a friend, or to a party. 2. That by which one thing is attached to another; connection; as, to cut the attachments of a muscle. The human mind... has exhausted its forces in the endeavor to rend the supernatural from its attachment to this history. I. Taylor. 3 Something attached; some adjunct attached to an instrument, machine, or other object; as, a sewing machine attachment (i. e., a device attached to a sewing machine to enable it to do special work, as tucking, etc.). 4. (Giv. Law) (a) A seizure or taking into custody by virtue of a legal process. (b) The writ or percept commanding such seizure or taking. µ The term is applied to a seizure or taking either of persons or property. In the serving of process in a civil suit, it is most generally applied to the taking of property, whether at common law, as a species of distress, to compel defendant's appearance, or under local statutes, to satisfy the judgment the plaintiff may recover in the action. The terms attachment and arrest are both applied to the taking or apprehension of a defendant to compel an appearance in a civil action. Attachment are issued at common law and is chancery, against persons for contempt of court. In England, attachment is employed in some cases where capias is with us, as against a witness who fails to appear on summons. In some of the New England States a writ of attachment is a species of mesne process upon which the property of a defendant may be saized at the commencement of a suit and before summons to him, and may be held to satisfy the judgment the plaintiff may recover. In other States this writ can issue only against absconding debtors and those who conceal themselves. See Foreign, Garnishment, Truster process. Bouvier. Burrill. Blackstone. Syn. - Attachment, Affection. The leading idea of affection is that of warmth and tenderness; the leading idea of attachment is that of being bound to some object by strong and lasting ties. There is more of sentiment (and sometimes of romance) in affection, and more of principle in preserving attachment. We speak of the ardor of the one, and the fidelity of the other. There is another distinction in the use and application of these words. The term attachment is applied to a wider range of objects than affection. A man may have a strong attachment to his country, to his profession, to his principles, and even to favorite places; in respect to none of these could we use the word affection. AtÏtack¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Attacking.] [F. attaquer, orig. another form of attacher to ~: cf. It. attacare to fasten, ~. See Attach, Tack a small nail.] 1. To fall upon with force; to assail, as with force and arms; to assault. ½Attack their lines.¸ Dryden. 2. To assail with unfriendly speech or writing; to begin a controversy with; to attempt to overthrow or bring into disrepute, by criticism or satire; to censure; as, to attack a man, or his opinions, in a pamphlet. 3. To set to work upon, as upon a task or problem, or some object of labor or investigation. 4. To begin to affect; to begin to act upon, injuriously or destructively; to begin to decompose or waste. On the fourth of March he was attacked by fever. Macaulay. Hydrofluoric acid... attacks the glass. B. Stewart. Syn. - To Attack, Assail, Assault, Invade. These words all denote a violent onset; attack being the generic term, and the others specific forms of attack. To attack is to commence the onset; to assail is to make a sudden and violent ~, or to make repeated attacks; to assault (literally, to leap upon) is to ~ physically by a hadÐtoÐhand approach or by unlawful and insulting violence; to invade is to enter by force on what belongs to another. Thus, a person may attack by offering violence of any kind; he may assail by means of missile weapons; he may assault by direct personal violence; a king may invade by marching an army into a country. Figuratively, we may say, men attack with argument or satire; they assail with abuse or reproaches; they may be assaulted by severe temptations; the rights of the people may be invaded by the encroachments of the crown. AtÏtack¶, v. i. To make an onset or ~. AtÏtack¶, n. [Cf. F. attaque.] 1. The act of attacking, or falling on with force or violence; an onset; an assault; Ð opposed to defense. 2. An assault upon one's feelings or reputation with unfriendly or bitter words. 3. A setting to work upon some task, etc. 4. An access of disease; a fit of sickness. 5. The beginning of corrosive, decomposing, or destructive action, by a chemical agent. AtÏtack¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being attacked. AtÏtack¶er (?), n. One who attacks. At¶taÏgas (?), At¶taÏgen (?), } n. [L. attagen a kind of bird, Gr. ?, ?.] (Zo”l.) A species of sand grouse (Syrrghaptes Pallasii) found in Asia and rarely in southern Europe.

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At¶taÏghan (?), n. See Yataghan. AtÏtain¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Attaining.] [Of. atteinen, atteignen, ?tainen, OF. ateindre, ataindre, F. atteindre, fr. L. attingere; ad + tangere to touch, reach. See Tangent, and cf. Attinge, Attaint.] 1. To achieve or accomplish, that is, to reach by efforts; to gain; to compass; as, to attain rest. Is he wise who hopes to attain the end without the means? Abp. Tillotson. 2. To gain or obtain possession of; to acquire. [Obs. with a material object.] Chaucer. 3. To get at the knowledge of; to ascertain. [Obs.] Not well attaining his meaning. Fuller. 4. To reach or come to, by progression or motion; to arrive at. ½Canaan he now attains.¸ Milton. 5. To overtake. [Obs.] Bacon. 6. To reach in excellence or degree; to equal. Syn. - To Attain, Obtain, Procure. Attain always implies an effort toward an object. Hence it is not synonymous with obtain and procure, which do not necessarily imply such effort or motion. We procure or obtain a thing by purchase or loan, and we obtain by inheritance, but we do not attain it by such means. AtÏtain¶, v. i. 1. To come or arrive, by motion, growth, bodily exertion, or efforts toward a place, object, state, etc.; to reach. If by any means they might attain to Phenice. Acts xxvii. 12. Nor nearer might the dogs attain. Sir W. Scott. To see your trees attain to the dignity of timber. Cowper. Few boroughs had as yet attained to power such as this. J. R. Green. 2. To come or arrive, by an effort of mind. Such knowledge is too wonderful for me; it is high, I can not attain unto it. Ps. cxxxix. 6. AtÏtain¶, n. Attainment. [Obs.] AtÏtain·aÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being attainable; attainbleness. AtÏtain¶aÏble (?), a. 1. Capable of being attained or reached by efforts of the mind or body; capable of being compassed or accomplished by efforts directed to the object. The highest pitch of perfection attainable in this life. Addison. 2. Obtainable. [Obs.] General Howe would not permit the purchase of those articles [clothes and blankets] in Philadelphia, and they were not attainable in the country. Marshall. AtÏtain¶aÏbleÏness, n. The quality of being attainable; attainability. AtÏtain¶der (?), n. [OF. ataindre, ateindre, to accuse, convict. Attainder is often erroneously referred to F. teindre tie stain. See Attaint, Attain.] 1. The act of attainting, or the state of being attainted; the extinction of the civil rights and capacities of a person, consequent upon sentence of death or outlawry; as, an act of attainder. Abbott. µ Formerly attainder was the inseparable consequence of a judicial or legislative sentence for treason or felony, and involved the forfeiture of all the real and personal property of the condemned person, and such ½corruption of blood¸ that he could neither receive nor transmit by inheritance, nor could he sue or testify in any court, or claim any legal protection or rights. In England attainders are now abolished, and in the United States the Constitution provides that no bill of attainder shall be passed; and no attainder of treason (in consequence of a judicial sentence) shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted. 2. A stain or staining; state of being in dishonor or condemnation. [Obs.] He lived from all attainder of suspect. Shak. Bill of ~, a bill brought into, or passed by, a legislative body, condemning a person to death or outlawry, and ~, without judicial sentence. AtÏtain¶ment (?), n. 1. The act of attaining; the act of arriving at or reaching; hence, the act of obtaining by efforts. The attainment of every desired object. Sir W. Jones. 2. That which is attained to, or obtained by exertion; acquirement; acquisition; (pl.), mental acquirements; knowledge; as, literary and scientific attainments. AtÏtaint¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attainted; p. pr. & vb. n. Attainting.] [OE. atteynten to convict, fr. atteynt, OF. ateint, p. p. of ateindre, ataindre. The meanings 3, 4, 5, and 6 were influenced by a supposed connection with taint. See Attain, Attainder.] 1. To attain; to get act; to hit. [Obs.] 2. (Old Law) To find guilty; to convict; Ð said esp. of a jury on trial for giving a false verdict. [Obs.] Upon sufficient proof attainted of some open act by men of his own condition. Blackstone. 3. (Law) To subject (a person) to the legal condition formerly resulting from a sentence of death or outlawry, pronounced in respect of treason or felony; to affect by attainder. No person shall be attainted of high treason where corruption of blood is incurred, but by the oath of two witnesses. Stat. 7 & 8 Wm. III. 4. To accuse; to charge with a crime or a dishonorable act. [Archaic] 5. To affect or infect, as with physical or mental disease or with moral contagion; to taint or corrupt. My tender youth was never yet attaint With any passion of inflaming love. Shak. 6. To stain; to obscure; to sully; to disgrace; to cloud with infamy. For so exceeding shone his glistring ray, That Ph?bus' golden face it did attaint. Spenser. Lest she with blame her honor should attaint. Spenser. AtÏtaint¶, p. p. Attainted; corrupted. [Obs.] Shak. AtÏtaint¶, n. [OF. attainte. See Attaint, v.] 1. A touch or hit. Sir W. Scott. 2. (Far.) A blow or wound on the leg of a horse, made by overreaching. White. 3. (Law) A writ which lies after judgment, to inquire whether a jury has given a false verdict in any court of record; also, the convicting of the jury so tried. Bouvier. 4. A stain or taint; disgrace. See Taint. Shak. 5. An infecting influence. [R.] Shak. AtÏtain¶ment (?), n. Attainder; attainture; conviction. AtÏtain¶ture (?), n. Attainder; disgrace. At¶tal (?), n. Same as Attle. AtÏtame¶ (?), v. t. [OF. atamer, from Latin. See Attaminate.] 1. To pierce; to attack. [Obs.] 2. To broach; to begin. And right anon his tale he hath attamed. Chaucer. AtÏtam¶iÏnate (?), v. t. [L. attaminare; ad + root of tangere. See Contaminate.] To corrupt; to defile; to contaminate. [Obs.] Blount. At¶tar (?), n. [Per. 'atar perfume, essence, Ar. 'itr, fr. 'atara to smell sweet. Cf. Otto.] A fragrant essential oil; esp., a volatile and highly fragrant essential oil obtained from the petals of roses. [Also written otto and ottar.] AtÏtask¶ (?), v. t. [Pref. aÏ + task.] To take to task; to blame. Shak. AtÏtaste (?), v. t. [Pref. aÏ + taste.] To taste or cause to taste. [Obs.] Chaucer. At¶te (?). At the. [Obs.] Chaucer. AtÏtem¶per (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attempered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Attempering.] [OF. atemprer, fr. L. attemperare; ad + temperare to soften, temper. See Temper, and cf. Attemperate.] 1. To reduce, modify, or moderate, by mixture; to temper; to regulate, as temperature. If sweet with bitter... were not attempered still. Trench. 2. To soften, mollify, or moderate; to soothe; to temper; as, to attemper rigid justice with clemency. 3. To mix in just proportion; to regulate; as, a mind well attempered with kindness and justice. 4. To accommodate; to make suitable; to adapt. Arts... attempered to the lyre. Pope. µ This word is now not much used, the verb temper taking its place. AtÏtem¶perÏaÏment (?), n. [OF. attemprement.] A tempering, or mixing in due proportion. AtÏtem¶perÏance (?), n. [Cf. OF. atemprance.] Temperance; attemperament. [Obs.] Chaucer. AtÏtem¶perÏate (?), a. [L. attemperatus, p. p. of attemperare. See Attemper.] Tempered; proportioned; properly adapted. Hope must be... attemperate to the promise. Hammond. AtÏtem¶perÏate (?), v. t. To attemper. [Archaic] AtÏtem·perÏa¶tion (?), n. The act of attempering or regulating. [Archaic] Bacon. AtÏtem¶perÏly, adv. Temperately. [Obs.] Chaucer. AtÏtem¶perÏment (?), n. Attemperament. AtÏtempt¶ (?; 215), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attempted; p. pr. & vb. n. Attempting.] [OF. atenter, also spelt atempter, F. attenter, fr. L. attentare to ~; ad + tentare, temptare, to touch, try, v. intens. of tendere to stretch. See Tempt, and cf. Attend.] 1. To make trial or experiment of; to try; to endeavor to do or perform (some action); to assay; as, to attempt to sing; to attempt a bold flight. Something attempted, something done, Has earned a night's repose. Longfellow. 2. To try to move, by entreaty, by afflictions, or by temptations; to tempt. [Obs. or Archaic]] It made the laughter of an afternoon That Vivien should attempt the blameless king. Thackeray. 3. To try to win, subdue, or overcome; as, one who attempts the virtue of a woman. Dear sir, of force I must attempt you further: Take some remembrance of us, as a tribute. Shak. 4. To attack; to make an effort or attack upon; to try to take by force; as, to attempt the enemy's camp. Without attempting his adversary's life. Motley. Syn. - See Try. AtÐtempt¶, v. i. To make an ~; Ð with upon. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. AtÏtempt¶, n. A essay, trial, or endeavor; an undertaking; an attack, or an effort to gain a point; esp. an unsuccessful, as contrasted with a successful, effort. By his blindness maimed for high attempts. Milton. Attempt to commit a crime (Law), such an intentional preparatory act as will apparently result, if not extrinsically hindered, in a crime which it was designed to effect. Wharton. Syn. - Attempt, Endeavor, Effort, Exertion, Trial. These words agree in the idea of calling forth our powers into action. Trial is the generic term; it denotes a putting forth of one's powers with a view to determine what they can accomplish; as, to make trial of one's strength. An attempt is always directed to some definite and specific object; as, ½The attempt, and not the deed, confounds us.¸ Shak. Am endeavor is a continued ~; as, ½His high endeavor and his glad success.¸ Cowper. Effort is a specific putting forth of strength in order to carry out an ~. Exertion is the putting forth or active exercise of any faculty or power. ½It admits of all degrees of effort and even natural action without effort.¸ C. J. Smith. See Try. AtÏtemp¶aÏble (?), a.ÿCapable of being attempted, tried, or attacked. Shak. AtÏtemp¶er (?; 215), n. 1. One who attempts; one who essays anything. 2. An assailant; also, a temper. [Obs.] AtÏtempt¶ive (?), a. Disposed to attempt; adventurous. [Obs.] Daniel. AtÏtend¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attended; p. pr. & vb. n. Attending.] [OE. atenden, OF. atendre, F. attendre, to expect, to wait, fr. L. attendre to stretch, (sc. animum), to apply the mind to; ad + tendere to stretch. See Tend.] 1. To direct the attention to; to fix the mind upon; to give heed to; to regard. [Obs.] The diligent pilot in a dangerous tempest doth not attend the unskillful words of the passenger. Sir P. Sidney. 2. To care for; to look after; to take charge of; to watch over. 3. To go or stay with, as a companion, nurse, or servant; to visit professionally, as a physician; to accompany or follow in order to do service; to escort; to wait on; to serve. The fifth had charge sick persons to attend. Spenser. Attends the emperor in his royal court. Shak. With a sore heart and a gloomy brow, he prepared to attend William thither. Macaulay. 4. To be present with; to accompany; to be united or consequent to; as, a measure attended with ill effects. What cares must then attend the toiling swain. Dryden. 5. To be present at; as, to attend church, school, a concert, a business meeting. 6. To wait for; to await; to remain, abide, or be in store for. [Obs.] The state that attends all men after this. Locke. Three days I promised to attend my doom. Dryden.

Syn. - To Attend, Mind, Regard, Heed, Notice. Attend is generic, the rest are specific terms. To mind is to ~ so that it may not be forgotten; to regard is to look on a thing as of importance; to heed is to ~ to a thing from a principle of caution; to notice is to think on that which strikes the senses. Crabb. See Accompany. AtÏtend¶ (?), v. i. 1. To apply the mind, or pay attention, with a view to perceive, understand, or comply; to pay regard; to heed; to listen; Ð usually followed by to. Attend to the voice of my supplications. Ps. lxxxvi. 6. Man can not at the same time attend to two objects. Jer. Taylor. 2. To accompany or be present or near at hand, in pursuance of duty; to be ready for service; to wait or be in waiting; Ð often followed by on or upon. He was required to attend upon the committee. Clarendon. 3. (with to) To take charge of; to look after; as, to attend to a matter of business. 4. To wait; to stay; to delay. [Obs.] For this perfection she must yet attend, Till to her Maker she espoused be. Sir J. Davies. Syn. - To Attend, Listen, Hearken. We attend with a view to hear and learn; we listen with fixed attention, in order to hear correctly, or to consider what has been said; we hearken when we listen with a willing mind, and in reference to obeying. AtÏtend¶ance (?), n. [OE. attendance, OF. atendance, fr. atendre, F. attendre. See Attend, v. t.] 1. Attention; regard; careful application. [Obs.] Till I come, give attendance to reading. 1 Tim. iv. 13. 2. The act of attending; state of being in waiting; service; ministry; the fact of being present; presence. Constant attendance at church three times a day. Fielding. 3. Waiting for; expectation. [Obs.] Languishing attendance and expectation of death. Hooker. 4. The persons attending; a retinue; attendants. If your stray attendance by yet lodged. Milton. AtÏtend¶anÏcy (?), n. The quality of attending or accompanying; attendance; an attendant. [Obs.] AtÏtend¶ant (?), a. [F. attendant, p. pr. of attendre. See Attend, v. t.] 1. Being present, or in the train; accompanying; in waiting. From the attendant flotilla rang notes triumph. Sir W. Scott. Cherub and Seraph... attendant on their Lord. Milton. 2. Accompanying, connected with, or immediately following, as consequential; consequent; as, intemperance with all its attendant evils. The natural melancholy attendant upon his situation added to the gloom of the owner of the mansion. Sir W. Scott. 3. (Law) Depending on, or owing duty or service to; as, the widow attendant to the heir. Cowell. Attendant keys (Mus.), the keys or scales most nearly related to, or having most in common with, the principal key; those, namely, of its fifth above, or dominant, its fifth below (fourth above), or subdominant, and its relative minor or major. AtÏtend¶ant, n. 1. One who attends or accompanies in any character whatever, as a friend, companion, servant, agent, or suitor. ½A train of attendants.¸ Hallam. 2. One who is present and takes part in the proceedings; as, an attendant at a meeting. 3. That which accompanies; a concomitant. sense of fame, the attendant of noble spirits. Pope. 4. (Law) One who owes duty or service to, or depends on, another. Cowell. AtÏtend¶eÏment (?), n. Intent. [Obs.] Spenser. AtÏtend¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, attends. AtÏtend¶ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. atendement.] An attendant circumstance. [Obs.] The uncomfortable attendments of hell. Sir T. Browne. AtÏtent¶ (?), a. [L. attentus, p. p. of attendere. See Attend, v. t.] Attentive; heedful. [Archaic] Let thine ears be attent unto the prayer. 2 Chron. vi. 40. AtÏtent¶, n. Attention; heed. [Obs.] Spenser. AtÏten¶tate (?), AtÏten¶tat (?), } n. [L. attentatum, pl. attentata, fr. attentare to attempt: cf. F. attentat criminal attempt. See Attempt.] 1. An attempt; an assault. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. (Law) (a) A proceeding in a court of judicature, after an inhibition is decreed. (b) Any step wrongly innovated or attempted in a suit by an inferior judge. AtÏten¶tion (?), n. [L. attentio: cf. F. attention.] 1. The act or state of attending or heeding; the application of the mind to any object of sense, representation, or thought; notice; exclusive or special consideration; earnest consideration, thought, or regard; obedient or affectionate heed; the supposed power or faculty of attending.

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They say the tongues of dying men Enforce attention like deep harmony. Shak. µ Attention is consciousness and something more. It is consciousness voluntarily applied, under its law of limitations, to some determinate object; it is consciousness concentrated. Sir W. Hamilton. 2. An act of civility or courtesy; care for the comfort and pleasure of others; as, attentions paid to a stranger. To pay attention to, To pay one's attentions to, or courteous or attentive to; to wait upon as a lover; to court. Syn. - Care; heed; study; consideration; application; advertence; respect; regard. AtÏten¶tive (?), a. [Cf. F. attentif.] 1. Heedful; intent; observant; regarding with care or attention. µ Attentive is applied to the senses of hearing and seeing, as, an attentive ear or eye; to the application of the mind, as in contemplation; or to the application of the mind, in every possible sense, as when a person is attentive to the words, and to the manner and matter, of a speaker at the same time. 2. Heedful of the comfort of others; courteous. Syn. - Heedful; intent; observant; mindful; regardful; circumspect; watchful. Ð AtÏten¶tiveÏly, adv. Ð AtÏten¶tiveÏness, n. AtÏtent¶ly, adv. Attentively. [Obs.] Barrow. AtÏten¶uÏant (?), a. [L. attenuans, p. pr. of attenuare: cf. F. att‚nuant. See Attenuate.] Making thin, as fluids; diluting; rendering less dense and viscid; diluent. Ð n. (Med.) A medicine that thins or dilutes the fluids; a diluent. AtÏten¶uÏate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attenuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Attenuating (?).] [L. attenuatus, p. p. of attenuare; ad + tenuare to make thin, tenuis thin. See Thin.] 1. To make thin or slender, as by mechanical or chemical action upon inanimate objects, or by the effects of starvation, disease, etc., upon living bodies. 2. To make thin or less consistent; to render less viscid or dense; to rarefy. Specifically: To subtilize, as the humors of the body, or to break them into finer parts. 3. To lessen the amount, force, or value of; to make less complex; to weaken. To undersell our rivals... has led the manufacturer to... attenuate his processes, in the allotment of tasks, to an extreme point. I. Taylor. We may reject and reject till we attenuate history into sapless meagerness. Sir F. Palgrave. AtÏten¶uÏate, v. i. To become thin, slender, or fine; to grow less; to lessen. The attention attenuates as its sphere contracts. Coleridge. AtÏten¶uÏate (?), AtÏten¶uÏa·ted (?), } a. [L. attenuatus, p. p.] 1. Made thin or slender. 2. Made thin or less viscid; rarefied. Bacon. AtÏten·uÏa¶tion (?), n. [L. attenuatio: cf. F. att‚nuation.] 1. The act or process of making slender, or the state of being slender; emaciation. 2. The act of attenuating; the act of making thin or less dense, or of rarefying, as fluids or gases. 3. The process of weakening in intensity; diminution of virulence; as, the attenuation of virus. At¶ter (?), n. [AS. ?tter.] Poison; venom; corrupt matter from a sore. [Obs.] Holland. At¶terÏcop (?), n. [AS. attercoppa a spider; ?tter poison + coppa head, cup.] 1. A spider. [Obs.] 2. A peevish, illÐnatured person. [North of Eng.] AtÏterÏrate (?), v. t. [It. atterrare (cf. LL. atterrare to cast to earth); L. ad + terra earth, land.] To fill up with alluvial earth. [Obs.] Ray. At·terÏra¶tion (?), n. The act of filling up with earth, or of forming land with alluvial earth. [Obs.] At¶test¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attested; p. pr. & vb. n. Attesting.] [L. attestari; ad + testari to bear witness: cf. F. attester.] 1. To bear witness to; to certify; to affirm to be true or genuine; as, to attest the truth of a writing, a copy of record. Facts... attested by particular pagan authors. Addison. 2. To give proof of; to manifest; as, the ruins of Palmyra attest its ancient magnificence. 3. To call to witness; to invoke. [Archaic] The sacred streams which Heaven's imperial state Attests in oaths, and fears to violate. Dryden. AtÏtest¶, n. Witness; testimony; attestation. [R.] The attest of eyes and ears. Shak. At·tesÏta¶tion (?), n. [L. attestatio: cf. F. attestation.] The act of attesting; testimony; witness; a solemn or official declaration, verbal or written, in support of a fact; evidence. The truth appears from the attestation of witnesses, or of the proper officer. The subscription of a name to a writing as a witness, is an attestation. AtÏtest¶aÏtive (?), a. Of the nature of attestation. AtÏtest¶er (?), AtÏtest¶or (?), } n. One who attests. AtÏtest¶ive (?), a. Attesting; furnishing evidence. At¶tic (?), a. [L. Atticus, Gr. ?.] Of or pertaining to Attica, in Greece, or to Athens, its principal city; marked by such qualities as were characteristic of the Athenians; classical; refined. ÷ base 9Arch.), a peculiar form of molded base for a column or pilaster, described by Vitruvius, applied under the Roman Empire to the Ionic and Corinthian and ½Roman Doric¸ orders, and imitated by the architects of the Renaissance. Ð Attic faith, inviolable faith. Ð Attic purity, special purity of language. Ð Attic salt, Attic wit, a poignant, delicate wit, peculiar to the Athenians. Ð Attic story. See Attic, n. Ð Attic style, a style pure and elegant. At¶tic, n. [In sense (a) from F. attique, orig. meaning Attic. See Attic, a.] 1. (Arch.) (a) A low story above the main order or orders of a facade, in the classical styles; Ð a term introduced in the 17th century. Hence: (b) A room or rooms behind that part of the exterior; all the rooms immediately below the roof. 2. An Athenian; am Athenian author. At¶ticÏal (?), a. Attic. [Obs.] Hammond. At¶tiÏcism (?), n. [Gr. ?.] 1. A favoring of, or attachment to, the Athenians. 2. The style and idiom of the Greek language, used by the Athenians; a concise and elegant expression. At¶tiÏcize (?), v. t. [Gr. ?.] To conform or make conformable to the language, customs, etc., of Attica. At¶tiÏcize, v. i. 1. To side with the Athenians. 2. To use the Attic idiom or style; to conform to the customs or modes of thought of the Athenians. AtÏtig¶uÏous (?), a. [L. attiguus, fr. attingere to touch. See Attain.] Touching; bordering; contiguous. [Obs.] Ð AtÏtig¶uÏousÏness, n.ÿ[Obs.] AtÏtinge¶ (?), v. t. [L. attingere to touch. See Attain.] To touch lightly. [Obs.] Coles. AtÏtire¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Attiring.] [OE. atiren to array, dispose, arrange, OF. atirier; … (L. ad) + F. tire rank, order, row; of Ger. origin: cf. As. tier row, OHG. ziarÆ, G. zier, ornament, zieren to adorn. Cf. Tire a headdress.] To dress; to array; to adorn; esp., to clothe with elegant or splendid garments. Finely attired in a robe of white. Shak. With the linen miter shall he be attired. Lev. xvi. 4. AtÏtire¶, n. 1. Dress; clothes; headdress; anything which dresses or adorns; esp., ornamental clothing. Earth in her rich attire. Milton. I 'll put myself in poor and mean attire. Shak. Can a maid forget her ornament, or a bride her attire? Jer. ii. 32. 2. The antlers, or antlers and scalp, of a stag or buck. 3. (Bot.) The internal parts of a flower, included within the calyx and the corolla. [Obs.] Johnson. AtÏtired¶ (?), p. p. (Her.) Provided with antlers, as a stag. AtÏtire¶ment (?), n. Attire; adornment. AtÏtir¶er (?), n. One who attires. At¶tiÏtude (?), n. [It. attitudine, LL. aptitudo, fr. L. aptus suited, fitted: cf. F. attitude. Cf. Aptitude.] 1. (Paint. & Sculp.) The posture, action, or disposition of a figure or a statue. 2. The posture or position of a person or an animal, or the manner in which the parts of his body are disposed; position assumed or studied to serve a purpose; as, a threatening attitude; an attitude of entreaty. 3. Fig.: Position as indicating action, feeling, or mood; as, in times of trouble let a nation preserve a firm attitude; one's mental attitude in respect to religion. The attitude of the country was rapidly changing. J. R. Green. To strike an attitude, to take an ~ for mere effect. Syn. - Attitude, Posture. Both of these words describe the visible disposition of the limbs. Posture relates to their position merely; attitude refers to their fitness for some specific object. The object of an attitude is to set forth exhibit some internal feeling; as, attitude of wonder, of admiration, of grief, etc. It is, therefore, essentially and designedly expressive. Its object is the same with that of gesture; viz., to hold forth and represent. Posture has no such design. If we speak of posture in prayer, or the posture of devotion, it is only the natural disposition of the limbs, without any intention to show forth or exhibit. 'T is business of a painter in his choice of attitudes (positur‘) to foresee the effect and harmony of the lights and shadows. Dryden. Never to keep the body in the same posture half and hour at a time. Bacon. At·tiÏtu¶diÏnal (?), a. Relating to attitude. At·tiÏtu·diÏna¶riÏan (?), n. One who attitudinizes; a posture maker. At·tiÏtu·diÏna¶riÏanÏism (?), n. A practicing of attitudes; posture making. At·tiÏtu¶diÏnize (?), v. i. To assume affected attitudes; to strike an attitude; to pose. Maria, who is the most picturesque figure, was put to attitudinize at the harp. Hannah More. At·tiÏtu¶diÏni·zer (?), n One who practices attitudes. At¶tle (?), n. [Cf. Addle mire.] (Mining) Rubbish or refuse consisting of broken rock containing little or no ore. Weale. AtÏtol¶lent (?), a. [L. attollens, p. pr. of attollere; ad + tollere to lift.] Lifting up; raising; as, an attollent muscle. Derham. AtÏtonce¶ (?), adv. [At + once.] At once; together. [Obs.] Spenser. AtÏtone¶ (?), adv. See At one. [Obs.] AtÏtorn¶ (?), v. i. [OF. atorner, aturner, atourner, to direct, prepare, dispose, attorn (cf. OE. atornen to return, adorn); ? (L. ad) + torner to turn; cf. LL. attornare to commit business to another, to attorn; ad + tornare to turn, L. tornare to turn in a lathe, to round off. See Turn, v. t.] 1. (Feudal Law) To turn, or transfer homage and service, from one lord to another. This is the act of feudatories, vassals, or tenants, upon the alienation of the state. Blackstone. 2. (Modern Law) To agree to become tenant to one to whom reversion has been granted. AtÏtor¶ney (?), n. pl. Attorneys (?). [OE. aturneye, OF. atorn‚, p. p. of atorner: cf. LL. atturnatus, attornatus, fr. attornare. See Attorn.] 1. A substitute; a proxy; an agent. [Obs.] And will have no attorney but myself. Shak. 2. (Law) (a) One who is legally appointed by another to transact any business for him; an attorney in fact. (b) A legal agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants in legal proceedings; an attorney at law. µ An ~ is either public or private. A private attorney, or an attorney in fact, is a person appointed by another, by a letter or power of ~, to transact any business for him out of court; but in a more extended sense, this class includes any agent employed in any business, or to do any act in pais, for another. A public attorney, or attorney at law, is a practitioner in a court of law, legally qualified to prosecute and defend actions in such court, on the retainer of clients. Bouvier. Ð The attorney at law to the procurator of the civilians, to the solicitor in chancery, and to the proctor in the ecclesiastical and admiralty courts, and all of these are comprehended under the more general term lawyer. In Great Britain and in some states of the United States, attorneys are distinguished from counselors in that the business of the former is to carry on the practical and formal parts of the suit. In many states of the United States however, no such distinction exists. In England, since 1873, attorneys at law are by statute called solicitors. A power, or warrant, of ~, a written authority from one person empowering another transact business for him. AtÏtor¶ney (?), v. t. To perform by proxy; to employ as a proxy. [Obs.] Shak. AtÏtor¶neyÐgen¶erÏal (?), n.; pl. AttorneyÐgenerals (?) or AttorneysÐgeneral. (Law) The chief law officer of the state, empowered to act in all litigation in which the lawÐexecuting power is a party, and to advise this supreme executive whenever required. Wharton. AtÏtor¶neyÏism (?), n. The practice or peculiar cleverness of attorneys. AtÏtor¶neyÏship, n. The office or profession of an attorney; agency for another. Shak. AtÏtorn¶ment (?), n. [OF. attornement, LL. attornamentum. See Attorn.] (Law) The act of a feudatory, vassal, or tenant, by which he consents, upon the alienation of an estate, to receive a new lord or superior, ad transfers to him his homage and service; the agreement of a tenant to acknowledge the purchaser of the estate as his landlord. Burrill. Blackstone. AtÏtract¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attracted; p. pr. & vb. n. Attracting.] [L. attractus, p. p. of attrahere; ad + trahere to draw. See Trace, v. t.] 1. To draw to, or cause to tend to; esp. to cause to approach, adhere, or combine; or to cause to resist divulsion, separation, or decomposition. All bodies and all parts of bodies mutually attract themselves and one another. Derham. 2. To draw by influence of a moral or emotional kind; to engage or fix, as the mind, attention, etc.; to invite or allure; as, to attract admirers. Attracted by thy beauty still to gaze. Milton. Syn. - To draw; allure; invite; entice; influence. AtÏtract¶, n. Attraction. [Obs.] Hudibras. AtÏtract·aÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. The quality or fact of being attractable. Sir W. Jones. AtÏtract¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being attracted; subject to attraction. Ð AtÏtract¶aÏbleÏness, n. AtÏtract¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, attracts. AtÏtract¶ile (?), a. Having power to attract. AtÏtract¶ing, a. That attracts. Ð AtÏtract¶ingÏly, adv. AtÏtrac¶tion (?), n. [L. attractio: cf. F. attraction.] 1. (Physics) An invisible power in a body by which it drawn anything to itself; the power in nature acting mutually between bodies or ultimate particles, tending to draw them together, or to produce their cohesion or combination, and conversely resisting separation. µ Attraction is exerted at both sensible and insensibleÿdistances, and is variously denominated according to its qualities or phenomena. Under ~ at sensible distances, there are, Ð (1.) ÷ of gravitation, which acts at all distances throughout the universe, with a force proportional directly to the product of the masses of the bodies and inversely to the square of their distances apart. (2.) Magnetic, diamagnetic, and electrical attraction, each of which is limited in its sensible range and is polar in its action, a property dependent on the quality or condition of matter, and not on its quantity. Under ~ at insensible distances, there are. Ð (1.) Adhesive attraction, ~ between surfaces of sensible extent, or by the medium of an intervening substance. (2.) Cohesive attraction, ~ between ultimate particles, whether like or unlike, and causing simply an aggregation or a union of those particles, as in the absorption of gases by charcoal, or of oxygen by spongy platinum, or the process of solidification or crystallization. The power in adhesive ~ is strictly the same as that of cohesion. (3.) Capillary attraction, ~ causing a liquid to rise, in capillary tubes or interstices, above its level outside, as in very small glass tubes, or a sponge, or any porous substance, when one end is inserted in the liquid. It is a special case of cohesive ~. (4.) Chemical attraction, or affinity, that peculiar force which causes elementary atoms, or groups of atoms, to unite to form molecules. 2. The act or property of attracting; the effect of the power or operation of ~. Newton. 3. The power or act of alluring, drawing to, inviting, or engaging; an attractive quality; as, the attraction of beauty or eloquence. 4. That which attracts; an attractive object or feature. Syn. - Allurement; enticement; charm. AtÏtract¶ive (?), a. [Cf. F. attractif.] 1.ÿHaving the power or quality of attracting or drawing; as, the attractive force of bodies. Sir I. Newton. 2. Attracting or drawing by moral influence or pleasurable emotion; alluring; inviting; pleasing. ½Attractive graces.¸ Milton. ½Attractive eyes.¸ Thackeray. Flowers of a livid yellow, or fleshy color, are most attractive to flies. Lubbock. Ð AtÏtract¶iveÏly, adv. Ð AtÏtract¶iveÏness, n. AtÏtract¶ive, n. That which attracts or draws; an attraction; an allurement. Speaks nothing but attractives and invitation. South.

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