Part 12

Ap¶oÏplex·y (?), n. [OE. poplexye, LL. poplexia, apoplexia, fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to cripple by a stroke; ? from + ? to strike: cf. F. apoplexie. See Plague.] (Med.) Sudden diminution or loss of consciousness, sensation, and voluntary motion, usually caused by pressure on the brain. µ The term is now usually limited to cerebral apoplexy, or loss of consciousness due to effusion of blood or other lesion within the substance of the brain; but it is sometimes extended to denote an effusion of blood into the substance of any organ; as, apoplexy of the lung. Ap·oÏret¶icÏal (?), a. [Gr. ?. See Aporia.] Doubting; skeptical. [Obs.] Cudworth. Ø AÏpo¶riÏa (?), n.; pl. Aporias . [L., doubt, Gr. ?, fr. ? without passage, at a loss; ? priv. + ? passage.] (Rhet.) A figure in which the speaker professes to be at a loss what course to pursue, where to begin to end, what to say, etc. Ø Ap·oÏro¶sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ?. See Aporia.] (Zo”l.) A group of corals in which the coral is not porous; Ð opposed to Perforata. Ap·oÏrose¶ (?), a. (Zo”l.) Without pores. AÏport¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + port.] (Naut.) On or towards the port or left side; Ð said of the helm. Ø Ap·oÏsi·oÏpe¶sis (?; 277), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, from ? to be quite silent.] (Rhet.) A figure of speech in which the speaker breaks off suddenly, as if unwilling or unable to state what was in his mind; as, ½I declare to you that his conduct Ð but I can not speak of that, here.¸ Ap·oÏsit¶ic , a. [Gr. ?; ? from + ? food.] (Med.) Destroying the appetite, or suspending hunger. AÏpos¶taÏsy (?), n.; pl. Apostasies (?). [OE. apostasie, F. apostasie, L. apostasia, fr. Gr. ? a standing off from, a defection, fr. ? to stand off, revolt; ? from + ? to stand. See Off and Stand.] An abandonment of what one has voluntarily professed; a total desertion of departure from one's faith, principles, or party; esp., the renunciation of a religious faith; as, Julian's apostasy from Christianity. AÏpos¶tate (?), n. [L. apostata, Gr. ?, fr. ?. See Apostasy.] 1. One who has forsaken the faith, principles, or party, to which he before adhered; esp., one who has forsaken his religion for another; a pervert; a renegade. 2. (R. C. Ch.) One who, after having received sacred orders, renounces his clerical profession. AÏpos¶tate, a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, apostasy; faithless to moral allegiance; renegade. So spake the apostate angel. Milton. A wretched and apostate state. Steele. AÏpos¶tate, v. i. [L. apostatare.] To apostatize. [Obs.] We are not of them which apostate from Christ. Bp. Hall. Ap·oÏstat¶ic (?), a. [L. apostaticus, Gr. ?.] Apostatical. [R.] Ap·oÏstat¶icÏal (?), a. Apostate. An heretical and apostatical church. Bp. Hall. AÏpos¶taÏtize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Apostatized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Apostatizing.] [LL. apostatizare.] To renounce totally a religious belief once professed; to forsake one's church, the faith or principles once held, or the party to which one has previously adhered. He apostatized from his old faith in facts, took to believing in ?emblances. Carlyle. AÏpos¶teÏmate (?), v. i. [See Aposteme.] To form an abscess; to swell and fill with pus. Wiseman. AÏpos·teÏma¶tion (?), n. [LL. apostematio: cf. F. apost‚mation.] (Med.) The formation of an aposteme; the process of suppuration. [Written corruptly imposthumation.] Wiseman. Ap·osÏtem¶aÏtous (?), a. Pertaining to, or partaking of the nature of, an aposteme. Ap¶osÏteme (?), n. [L. apostema, Gr. ? the separation of corrupt matter into an ulcer, fr. ? to stand off: cf. F. apostŠme. See Apostasy.] (Med.) An abscess; a swelling filled with purulent matter. [Written corruptly imposthume.] Ø A· posÏte·riÏo¶ri (?). [L. a (ab) + posterior latter.] 1. (Logic) Characterizing that kind of reasoning which derives propositions from the observation of facts, or by generalizations from facts arrives at principles and definitions, or infers causes from effects. This is the reverse of a priori reasoning. 2. (Philos.) Applied to knowledge which is based upon or derived from facts through induction or experiment; inductive or empirical. AÏpos¶til (?), AÏpos¶tille (?), } n. [F. apostille. See Postil.] A marginal note on a letter or other paper; an annotation. Motley. AÏpos¶tle (?), n. [OE. apostle, apostel, postle, AS. apostol, L. apostolus, fr. Gr. ? messenger, one sent forth or away, fr. ? to send off or away; ? from + ? to send; akin to G. stellen to set, E. stall: cf. F. ap“tre, Of. apostre, apostle, apostele, apostole.] 1. Literally: One sent forth; a messenger. Specifically: One of the twelve disciples of Christ, specially chosen as his companions and witnesses, and sent forth to preach the gospel. He called unto him his disciples, and of them he chose twelve, whom also he named apostles. Luke vi. 13. µ The title of apostle is also applied to others, who, though not of the number of the Twelve, yet were equal with them in office and dignity; as, ½Paul, called to be an apostle of Jesus Christ.¸ 1 Cor. i. 1. In Heb. iii. 1, the name is given to Christ himself, as having been sent from heaven to publish the gospel. In the primitive church, other ministers were called apostles (Rom. xvi. 7). 2. The missionary who first plants the Christian faith in any part of the world; also, one who initiates any great moral reform, or first advocates any important belief; one who has extraordinary success as a missionary or reformer; as, Dionysius of Corinth is called the apostle of France, John Eliot the apostle to the Indians, Theobald Mathew the apostle of temperance. 3. (Civ. & Admiralty Law) A brief letter dimissory sent by a court appealed from to the superior court, stating the case, etc.; a paper sent up on appeals in the admiralty courts. Wharton. Burrill. Apostles' creed, a creed of unknown origin, which was formerly ascribed to the apostles. It certainly dates back to the beginning of the sixth century, and some assert that it can be found in the writings of Ambrose in the fourth century. Ð ÷ spoon (Antiq.), a spoon of silver, with the handle terminating in the figure of an ~. One or more were offered by sponsors at baptism as a present to the godchild. B. Jonson. AÏpos¶tleÏship (?), n. The office or dignity of an apostle. AÏpos¶toÏlate (?), n. [L. apostolatus, fr. apostolus. See Apostle.] 1. The dignity, office, or mission, of an apostle; apostleship. Judas had miscarried and lost his apostolate. Jer. Taylor. 2. The dignity or office of the pope, as the holder of the apostolic see. Ap·osÏtol¶ic (?), Ap·osÏtol¶icÏal (?), } a. [L. apostolicus, Gr. ?: cf. F. apostolique.] 1. Pertaining to an apostle, or to the apostles, their times, or their peculiar spirit; as, an apostolical mission; the apostolic age. 2. According to the doctrines of the apostles; delivered or taught by the apostles; as, apostolic faith or practice. 3. Of or pertaining to the pope or the papacy; papal. Apostolical brief. See under Brief. Ð Apostolic canons, a collection of rules and precepts relating to the duty of Christians, and particularly to the ceremonies and discipline of the church in the second and third centuries. Ð Apostolic church, the Christian church; Ð so called on account of its apostolic foundation, doctrine, and order. The churches of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem were called apostolic churches. Ð Apostolic constitutions, directions of a nature similar to the apostolic canons, and perhaps compiled by the same authors or author. Ð Apostolic fathers, early Christian writers, who were born in the first century, and thus touched on the age of the apostles. They were Polycarp, Clement, Ignatius, and Hermas; to these Barnabas has sometimes been added. Ð Apostolic king (or majesty), a title granted by the pope to the kings of Hungary on account of the extensive propagation of Christianity by St. Stephen, the founder of the royal line. It is now a title of the emperor of Austria in right of the throne of Hungary. Ð Apostolic see, a see founded and governed by an apostle; specifically, the Church of Rome; Ð so called because, in the Roman Catholic belief, the pope is the successor of St. Peter, the prince of the apostles, and the only apostle who has successors in the apostolic office. Ð Apostolical succession, the regular and uninterrupted transmission of ministerial authority by a succession of bishops from the apostles to any subsequent period. Hook. Ap·osÏtol¶ic, n. [L. apostolicus.] (Eccl. Hist.) A member of one of certain ascetic sects which at various times professed to imitate the practice of the apostles. Ap·osÏtol¶icÏalÏly, adv. In an apostolic manner. Ap·osÏtol¶icÏalÏness, n. Apostolicity. Dr. H. More. Ap·osÏtol¶iÏcism (?), AÏpos·toÏlic¶iÏty (?), } n. The state or quality of being apostolical. AÏpos¶troÏphe (?), n. [(1) L., fr. Gr. ? a turning away, fr. ? to turn away; ? from + ? to turn. (2) F., fr. L. apostrophus ~, the turning away or omitting of a letter, Gr. ?.] 1. (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which the orator or writer suddenly breaks off from the previous method of his discourse, and addresses, in the second person, some person or thing, absent or present; as, Milton's apostrophe to Light at the beginning of the third book of ½Paradise Lost.¸ 2. (Gram.) The contraction of a word by the omission of a letter or letters, which omission is marked by the character ['] placed where the letter or letters would have been; as, call'd for called. 3. The mark ['] used to denote that a word is contracted (as in ne'er for never, can't for can not), and as sign of the possessive, singular and plural; as, a boy's hat, boys' hats. In the latter use it originally marked the omission of the letter e. The ~ is used to mark the plural of figures and letters; as, two 10's and three a's. It is also employed to mark the close of a quotation. Ap·osÏtroph¶ic (?), a. Pertaining to an apostrophe, grammatical or rhetorical. AÏpos¶troÏphize (?), v. t., [imp. & p. p. Apostrophized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Apostrophizing.] 1. To address by apostrophe. 2. To contract by omitting a letter or letters; also, to mark with an apostrophe (') or apostrophes. AÏpos¶troÏphize, v. i. To use the rhetorical figure called apostrophe. Ap¶osÏtume (?), n. See Aposteme. [Obs.] Ap·oÏtac¶tite (?), n. [LL. pl. apotactitae, Gr. ?, fr. ? set apart; ? from + ? to arrange, ordain.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of ancient Christians, who, in supposed imitation of the first believers, renounced all their possessions. AÏpot¶eÏlesm (?), n. [See Apotelesmatic.] 1. The result or issue. [Obs.] 2. (Astrol.) The calculation and explanation of a nativity. [Obs.] Bailey. Ap·oÏtel·esÏmat¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? effect of the stars on human destiny, fr. ? to complete; ? from + ? to end, ? end.] 1. Relating to the casting of horoscopes. [Archaic] Whewell. 2. Relating to an issue of fulfillment. In this way a passage in the Old Testament may have, or rather comprise, an apotelesmatic sense, i. e, one of after or final accomplishment. M. Stuart. AÏpoth¶eÏcaÏry (?), n.; pl. Apothecaries . [OE. apotecarie, fr. LL. apothecarius, fr. L. apotheca storehouse, Gr. ?, fr. ? to pu? away; ? from + ? to put: cf. F. apothicaire, OF. apotecaire. See Thesis.] One who prepares and sell? drugs or compounds for medicinal purposes. µ In England an ~ is one of a privileged class of practitioners Ð a kind of subÐ physician. The surgeon ~ is the ordinary family medical attendant. One who sells drugs and makes up prescriptions is now commonly called in England a druggist or a pharmaceutical chemist. Apothecaries' weight, the system of weights by which medical prescriptions were formerly compounded. The pound and ounce are the same as in Troy weight; they differ only in the manner of subdivision. The ounce is divided into 8 drams, 24 scruples, 480 grains. See Troy weight. Ø Apo·Ïthe¶ciÏum , n.; pl. Apothecia (?). [NL.] (Bot.) The ascigerous fructification of lichens, forming masses of various shapes. Ap¶oÏthegm, Ap¶ophÏthegm } (?), n. [Gr. ? thing uttered, apothegm, from ? to speak out; ? from + ? to speak.] A short, pithy, and instructive saying; a terse remark, conveying some important truth; a sententious precept or maxim. [Apothegm is now the prevalent spelling in the United States.] Ap·oÏthegÏmat¶ic (?), Ap·oÏthegÏmat¶icÏal (?), } a. Gr. ?.] Pertaining to, or in the manner of, an apotghem; sententious; pithy. Ap·oÏtheg¶maÏtist (?), n. A collector or maker of apothegms. Pope. Ap·oÏtheg¶maÏtize (?), v. i. To utter apothegms, or short and sententious sayings. Ap¶oÏthem (?), n. [Gr. ? + ? that which is placed, ? to place.] 1. (Math.) The perpendicular from the center to one of the sides of a regular polygon. 2. A deposit formed in a liquid extract of a vegetable substance by exposure to the air. Ap·oÏthe¶oÏsis (?; 277), n. pl. Apotheoses (?). [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to deify; ? from + ? to deify, ? a god.] 1. The act of elevating a mortal to the rank of, and placing him among, ½the gods;¸ deification. 2. Glorification; exaltation. ½The apotheosis of chivalry.¸ Prescott. ½The noisy apotheosis of liberty and machinery.¸ F. Harrison. Ap·oÏthe¶oÏsize (?), v. t. To exalt to the dignity of a deity; to declare to be a god; to deify; to glorify. Ø AÏpoth¶eÏsis (?), n. [Gr. ? a putting back or away, fr. ?. See Apothecary.] (Arch.) (a) A place on the south side of the chancel in the primitive churches, furnished with shelves, for books, vestments, etc. Weale. (b) A dressing room connected with a public bath. Ø AÏpot¶oÏme (?), n. [Gr. ? a cutting off, fr. ? to cut off; ? from + ? to cut.] 1. (Math.) The difference between two quantities commensurable only in power, as between ?2 and 1, or between the diagonal and side of a square. 2. (Mus) The remaining part of a whole tone after a smaller semitone has been deducted from it; a major semitone. [Obs.] Ap¶oÏzem (?), n. [L. apozema, Gr. ?, fr. ? to extract by boiling; ? from + ? boil.] (Med.) A decoction or infusion. [Obs.] Wiseman. Ap·oÏzem¶icÏal (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, a decoction. [Obs.] J. Whitaker. ApÏpair¶ (?), v. t. & i. [OF. empeirier, F. empire. See Impair.] To impair; to grow worse. [Obs.] Ap·paÏla¶chiÏan (?), a. Of or pertaining to a chain of mountains in the United States, commonly called the Allegheny mountains. µ The name Appalachian was given to the mountains by the Spaniards under De Soto, who derived it from the heighboring Indians. Am. Cyc. ApÏpall¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appalled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Appalling.] [OF. appalir to grow pale, make pale; a (L. ad) + pƒlir to grow pale, to make pale, pƒle pale. See Pale, a., and cf. Pall.] 1. To make pale; to blanch. [Obs.] The answer that ye made to me, my dear,... Hath so appalled my countenance. Wyatt. 2. To weaken; to enfeeble; to reduce; as, an old appalled wight. [Obs.] Chaucer. Whine, of its own nature, will not congeal and freeze, only it will lose the strength, and become appalled in extremity of cold. Holland. 3. To depress or discourage with fear; to impress with fear in such a manner that the mind shrinks, or loses its firmness; to overcome with sudden terror or horror; to dismay; as, the sight appalled the stoutest heart. The house of peers was somewhat appalled at this alarum. Clarendon.

Syn. - To dismay; terrify; daunt; frighten; affright; scare; depress. See Dismay. ApÏpall¶, v. i. 1. To grow faint; to become weak; to become dismayed or discouraged. [Obs.] Gower. 2. To lose flavor or become stale. [Obs.] ApÏpall¶, n. Terror; dismay. [Poet.] Cowper. ApÏpall¶ing, a. Such as to appall; as, an appalling accident. Ð ApÏpall¶ingÏly, adv. ApÏpall¶ment (?), n. Depression occasioned by terror; dismay. [Obs.] Bacon. Ap¶paÏnage (?), n. [F. apanage, fr. OF. apaner to nourish, support, fr. LL. apanare to furnish with bread, to provision; L. ad + pains bread.] 1. The portion of land assigned by a sovereign prince for the subsistence of his younger sons. 2. A dependency; a dependent territory.

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3. That which belongs to one by custom or right; a natural adjunct or accompaniment. ½Wealth... the appanage of wit.¸ Swift. ApÏpan¶aÏgist (?), n. [F. apanagiste.] A prince to whom an appanage has been granted. ApÏpal¶ailÏlyng (?), n. [See Apparel, n. & v.] Preparation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ap¶paÏratus (?), n.; pl. Apparatus, also rarely Apparatuses (?). [L., from apparare, apparatum, to prepare; ad + prepare to make ready.] 1. Things provided as means to some end. 2. Hence: A full collection or set of implements, or utensils, for a given duty, experimental or operative; any complex instrument or appliance, mechanical or chemical, for a specific action or operation; machinery; mechanism. 3. (Physiol.) A collection of organs all of which unite in a common function; as, the respiratory apparatus. ApÏpar¶el (?), n. [OE. apparel, apareil, OF. apareil, appareil, preparation, provision, furniture, OF. apareiller to match, prepare, F. appareiller; OF. a (L. ad) + pareil like, similar, fr. LL. pariculus, dim. of L. par equal. See Pair.] 1. External clothing; vesture; garments; dress; garb; external habiliments or array. Fresh in his new apparel, proud and young. Denham. At public devotion his resigned carriage made religion appear in the natural apparel of simplicity. Tatler. 2. A small ornamental piece of embroidery worn on ?lbs and some other ecclesiastical vestments. 3. (Naut.) The furniture of a ship, as masts, sails, rigging, anchors, guns, etc. Syn. - Dress; clothing; vesture; garments; raiment; garb; costume; attire; habiliments. ApÏpar¶el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appareled, or Apparelled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Appareling, or Apparelling.] [OF. apareiller.] 1. To make or get (something) ready; to prepare. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To furnish with apparatus; to equip; to fit out. Ships... appareled to fight. Hayward. 3. To dress or clothe; to attire. They which are gorgeously appareled, and live delicately, are in kings' courts. Luke vii. 25. 4. To dress with external ornaments; to cover with something ornamental; to deck; to embellish; as, trees appareled with flowers, or a garden with verdure. Appareled in celestial light. Wordsworth. ApÏpar¶ence (?), n. [OF. aparence.] Appearance. [Obs.] Chaucer. ApÏpar¶enÏcy (?), n. 1. Appearance. [Obs.] 2. Apparentness; state of being apparent. Coleridge. 3. The position of being heir apparent. ApÏpar¶ent (?), a. [F. apparent, L. apparens, Ïentis, p. pr. of apparere. See Appear.] 1. Capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to the eye; within sight or view. The moon... apparent queen. Milton. 2. Clear or manifest to the understanding; plain; evident; obvious; known; palpable; indubitable. It is apparent foul play. Shak. 3. Appearing to the eye or mind (distinguished from, but not necessarily opposed to, true or real); seeming; as the apparent motion or diameter of the sun. To live on terms of civility, and even of apparent friendship. Macaulay. What Berkeley calls visible magnitude was by astronomers called apparent magnitude. Reid. ÷ horizon, the circle which in a level plain bounds our view, and is formed by the ~ meeting of the earth and heavens, as distinguished from the rational horizon. Ð ÷ time. See Time. Ð Heir ~ (Law), one whose to an estate is indefeasible if he survives the ancestor; Ð in distinction from presumptive heir. See Presumptive. Syn. - Visible; distinct; plain; obvious; clear; certain; evident; manifest; indubitable; notorious. ApÏpar¶ent, n. An heir ~. [Obs.] I'll draw it [the sword] as apparent to the crown. Shak. ApÏpar¶entÏly, adv. 1. Visibly. [Obs.] Hobbes. 2. Plainly; clearly; manifestly; evidently. If he should scorn me so apparently. Shak. 3. Seemingly; in appearance; as, a man may be apparently friendly, yet malicious in heart. ApÏpar¶entÏness, n. Plainness to the eye or the mind; visibleness; obviousness. [R.] Sherwood. Ap·paÏri¶tion (?), n. [F. apparition, L. apparitio, fr. apparere. See Appear.] 1. The act of becoming visible; appearance; visibility. Milton. The sudden apparition of the Spaniards. Prescott. The apparition of Lawyer Clippurse occasioned much speculation in that portion of the world. Sir W. Scott. 2. The thing appearing; a visible object; a form. Which apparition, it seems, was you. Tatler. 3. An unexpected, wonderful, or preternatural appearance; a ghost; a specter; a phantom. ½The heavenly bands... a glorious apparition.¸ Milton.

I think it is the weakness of mine eyes That shapes this monstrous apparition. Shak. 4. (Astron.) The first appearance of a star or other luminary after having been invisible or obscured; Ð opposed to occultation. Circle of perpetual ~. See under Circle. Ap·paÏri¶tionÏal (?), a. Pertaining to an apparition or to apparitions; spectral. ½An apparitional soul.¸ Tylor. ApÏpar¶iÏtor (?), n. [L., fr. apparere. See Appear.] 1. Formerly, an officer who attended magistrates and judges to execute their orders. Before any of his apparitors could execute the sentence, he was himself summoned away by a sterner apparitor to the other world. De Quincey. 2. (Law) A messenger or officer who serves the process of an ecclesiastical court. Bouvier. Ø Ap·pau·m‚¶ (?), n. [F. appaum‚; ? (l. ad) + paume the palm, fr. L. palma.] (Her.) A hand open and extended so as to show the palm. ApÏpay¶ (?), v. t. [OF. appayer, apaier, LL. appacare, appagare, fr. L. ad + pacare to pacify, pax, pacis, peace. See Pay, Appease.] To pay; to satisfy or appease. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. ApÏpeach¶ (?), v. t. [OE. apechen, for empechen, OF. empeechier, F. empˆcher, to hinder. See Impeach.] To impeach; to accuse; to asperse; to inform against; to reproach. [Obs.] And oft of error did himself appeach. Spenser. ApÏpeach¶er , n. An accuser. [Obs.] Raleigh. ApÏpeach¶ment (?), n. Accusation. [Obs.] ApÏpeal¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appealed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Appealing.] [OE. appelen, apelen, to ~, accuse, OF. appeler, fr. L. appellare to approach, address, invoke, summon, call, name; akin to appellere to drive to; ad + pellere to drive. See Pulse, and cf. Peal.] 1. (Law) (a) To make application for the removal of (a cause) from an inferior to a superior judge or court for a rehearing or review on account of alleged injustice or illegality in the trial below. We say, the cause was appealed from an inferior court. (b) To charge with a crime; to accuse; to institute a private criminal prosecution against for some heinous crime; as, to appeal a person of felony. 2. To summon; to challenge. [Archaic] Man to man will I appeal the Norman to the lists. Sir W. Scott. 3. To invoke. [Obs.] Milton. ApÏpeal¶, v. t. 1. (Law) To apply for the removal of a cause from an inferior to a superior judge or court for the purpose of re‰xamination of for decision. Tomlins. I appeal unto C‘sar. Acts xxv. 11. 2. To call upon another to decide a question controverted, to corroborate a statement, to vindicate one's rights, etc.; as, I appeal to all mankind for the truth of what is alleged. Hence: To call on one for aid; to make earnest request. I appeal to the Scriptures in the original. Horsley. They appealed to the sword. Macaulay. ApÏpeal¶, n. [OE. appel, apel, OF. apel, F. appel, fr. appeler. See Appeal, v. t.] 1. (Law) (a) An application for the removal of a cause or suit from an inferior to a superior judge or court for re‰xamination or review. (b) The mode of proceeding by which such removal is effected. (c) The right of ~. (d) An accusation; a process which formerly might be instituted by one private person against another for some heinous crime demanding punishment for the particular injury suffered, rather than for the offense against the public. (e) An accusation of a felon at common law by one of his accomplices, which accomplice was then called an approver. See Approvement. Tomlins. Bouvier. 2. A summons to answer to a charge. Dryden. 3. A call upon a person or an authority for proof or decision, in one's favor; reference to another as witness; a call for help or a favor; entreaty. A kind of appeal to the Deity, the author of wonders. Bacon. 4. Resort to physical means; recourse. Every milder method is to be tried, before a nation makes an appeal to arms. Kent. ApÏpeal¶aÏble (?), a. 1. Capable of being appealed against; that may be removed to a higher tribunal for decision; as, the cause is appealable. 2. That may be accused or called to answer by appeal; as, a criminal is appealable for manslaughter. [Obs.] ApÏpeal¶ant (?), n. An appellant. [Obs.] Shak. ApÏpeal¶er (?), n. One who makes an appeal. ApÏpeal¶ing, a The appeals; imploring. Ð ApÏpeal¶ÏingÏly, adv. Ð ApÏpeal¶ingÏness, n. ApÏpear¶ (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Appeared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Appearing.] [OE. apperen, aperen, OF. aparoir, F. apparoir, fr. L. appar?re to appear + par?reto come forth, to be visible; prob. from the same root as par?re to produce. Cf. Apparent, Parent, Peer, v. i. 1. To come or be in sight; to be in view; to become visible. And God... said, Let... the dry land appear. Gen. i. 9. 2. To come before the public; as, a great writer appeared at that time. 3. To stand in presence of some authority, tribunal, or superior person, to answer a charge, plead a cause, or the like; to present one's self as a party or advocate before a court, or as a person to be tried. We must all appear before the judgment seat. µ Cor. v. 10. One ruffian escaped because no prosecutor dared to appear. Macaulay. 4. To become visible to the apprehension of the mind; to be known as a subject of observation or comprehension, or as a thing proved; to be obvious or manifest. It doth not yet appear what we shall be. 1 John iii. 2. Of their vain contest appeared no end. Milton. 5. To seem; to have a certain semblance; to look. They disfigure their faces, that they may appear unto men to fast. Matt. vi. 16. Syn. - To seem; look. See Seem. ApÏpear¶, n. Appearance. [Obs.] J. Fletcher. ApÏpear¶ance (?), n. [F. apparence, L. apparentia, fr. apparere. See Appear.] 1. The act of appearing or coming into sight; the act of becoming visible to the eye; as, his sudden appearance surprised me. 2. A thing seed; a phenomenon; a phase; an apparition; as, an appearance in the sky. 3. Personal presence; exhibition of the person; look; aspect; mien. And now am come to see... It thy appearance answer loud report. Milton. 4. Semblance, or apparent likeness; external show. pl. Outward sings, or circumstances, fitted to ?nake a particular impression or to determine the judg? ?nt as to the character of a person or a thing, an act o? a state; as, appearances are against him. There was upon the tab?nacle, as it were, the appearance of fire. Num. ix. 15. For man looketh on the outward appearance. 1 Sam. xvi. 7. Judge not according to the appearance. Jo?n. vii. 24. 5. The act of appearing in a particular place, or in society, a company, or any proceedings; a coming before the public in a particular character; as, a person makes his appearance as an historian, an artist, or an orator. Will he now retire, After appearance, and again prolong Our expectation? Milton. 6. Probability; likelihood. [Obs.] There is that which hath no appearance. Bacon. 7. (Law) The coming into court of either of the parties; the being present in court; the coming into court of a party summoned in an action, either by himself or by attorney, expressed by a formal entry by the proper officer to that effect; the act or proceeding by which a party proceeded against places himself before the court, and submits to its jurisdiction. Burrill. Bouvier. Daniell. To put in an ~, to be present; to appear in person. Ð To save appearances, to preserve a fair outward show. Syn. - Coming; arrival; presence; semblance;; pretense; air; look; manner; mien; figure; aspect. ApÏpear¶er (?), n. One who appears. Sir T. Browne. ApÏpear¶ingÏly, adv. Apparently. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. ApÏpeas¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being appeased or pacified; placable. Ð ApÏpeas¶aÏbleÏness, n. ApÏpease¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appealed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Appeasing.] [OE. apesen, apaisen, OF. apaisier, apaissier, F. apaiser, fr. a (L. ad) + OF. pais peace, F. paix, fr. L. pax, pacis. See Peace.] To make quiet; to calm; to reduce to a state of peace; to still; to pacify; to dispel (anger or hatred); as, to appease the tumult of the ocean, or of the passions; to appease hunger or thirst. Syn. - To pacify; quiet; conciliate; propitiate; assuage; compose; calm; allay; hush; soothe; tranquilize. ApÏpease¶ment (?), n. The act of appeasing, or the state of being appeased; pacification. Hayward. ApÏpeas¶er (?), n. One who appeases; a pacifier. ApÏpea¶sive (?), a. Tending to appease. ApÏpel¶laÏble (?), a. Appealable. ApÏpel¶lanÏcy (?), n. Capability of appeal. ApÏpel¶lant (?), a. [L. appellans, p. pr. of appellare; cf. F. appelant. See Appeal.] Relating to an appeal; appellate. ½An appellant jurisdiction.¸ Hallam. Party ~ (Law), the party who appeals; appellant; Ð opposed to respondent, or appellee. Tomlins. ApÏpel¶lant, n. 1. (Law) (a) One who accuses another of felony or treason. [Obs.] b) One who appeals, or asks for a rehearing or review of a cause by a higher tribunal. 2. A challenger. [Obs.] Milton. 3. (Eccl. Hist.) One who appealed to a general council against the bull Unigenitus. 4. One who appeals or entreats. ApÏpel¶late (?), a. [L. appelatus, p. p. of appellare.] Pertaining to, or taking cognizance of, appeals. ½Appellate jurisdiction.¸ Blackstone. ½Appellate judges.¸ Burke.

÷ court, a court having cognizance of appeals. ApÏpel¶late, n. A person or prosecuted for a crime. [Obs.] See Appellee. Ap·pelÏla¶tion (?), n. [L. appellatio, fr. appellare: cf. F. appellation. See Appeal.] 1. The act of appealing; appeal. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. The act of calling by a name. 3. The word by which a particular person or thing is called and known; name; title; designation. They must institute some persons under the appellation of magistrates. Hume. Syn. - See Name. ApÏpel¶laÏtive (?), a. [L. appellativus, fr. appellare: cf. F. appelatif. See Appeal.] 1. Pertaining to a common name; serving as a distinctive denomination; denominative; naming. Cudworth. 2. (gram.) Common, as opposed to proper; denominative of a class ? ApÏpel¶laÏtive, n. [L. appelativum, sc. nomen.] 1. A common name, distinction from a proper name. A common name, or appellative, stands for a whole class, genus, or species of beings, or for universal ideas. Thus, tree is the name of all plants of a particular class; plant and vegetable are names of things that grow out of the earth. A proper name, on the other hand, stands for a single thing; as, Rome, Washington, Lake Erie. 2. An appellation or title; a descriptive name. God chosen it for one of his appellatives to be the Defender of them. Jer. Taylor. ApÏpel¶laÏtiveÏly, adv. After the manner of nouns appellative; in a manner to express whole classes or species; as, Hercules is sometimes used appellatively, that is, as a common name, to signify a strong man. ApÏpel¶laÏtiveÏness, n. The quality of being appellative. Fuller. ApÏpel¶laÏtory (?), a. [L. appellatorius, fr. appellare.] Containing an appeal. An appellatory libel ought to contain the name of the party appellant. Ayliffe. Ap·pelÏlee¶ , n. [F. appel‚, p. p. of appeler, fr. L. appellare.] (Law) (a) The defendant in a? appeal; Ð opposed to appellant. (b) The person who i? appealed against, or accused of crime; Ð opposed to appellor. Blackstone.

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Ap·pelÏlor (?), n. [OF. apeleur, fr. L. appellator, fr. appellare.] (Law) (a) The person who institutes an appeal, or prosecutes another for a crime. Blackstone. (b) One who confesses a felony committed and accuses his accomplices. Blount. Burrill. µ This word is rarely or never used for the plaintiff in appeal from a lower court, who is called the appellant. Appellee is opposed both to appellant and appellor. Ap¶penÏage , n. See Appanage. ApÏpend¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appended; p. pr. & vb. n. Appending.] [L. appendere or F. appendre: cf. OE. appenden, apenden, to belong, OF. apendre, F. appendre, fr. L. append?re, v. i., to hang to, append?re, v. t., to hang to; ad + pend?re, v. i., to hang, pend?re, v. t., to hang. See Pendant.] 1. To hang or attach to, as by a string, so that the thing is suspended; as, a seal appended to a record; the inscription was appended to the column. 2. To add, as an accessory to the principal thing; to annex; as, notes appended to this chapter. A further purpose appended to the primary one. I. Taylor. ApÏpend¶age , n. 1. Something appended to, or accompanying, a principal or greater thing, though not necessary to it, as a portico to a house. Modesty is the appendage of sobriety. Jer. Taylor. 2. (Biol.) A subordinate or subsidiary part or organ; an external organ or limb, esp. of the articulates. Antenn‘ and other appendages used for feeling. Carpenter. Syn. - Addition; adjunct; concomitant. ApÏpend¶aged , a. Furnished with, or supplemented by, an appendage. ApÏpend¶ance , n. [F.] Something appendant. ApÏpend¶ant , a. [F. appendant, p. pr. of appendre. See Append, v. t.] 1. Hanging; annexed; adjunct; concomitant; as, a seal appendant to a paper. As they have transmitted the benefit to us, it is but reasonable we should suffer the appendant calamity. Jer. Taylor. 2. (Law) Appended by prescription, that is, a personal usage for a considerable time; Ð said of a thing of inheritance belonging to another inheritance which is superior or more worthy; as, an advowson, common, etc., which may be appendant to a manor, common of fishing to a freehold, a seat in church to a house. Wharton. Coke. ApÏpend¶ant, n. 1. Anything attached to another as incidental or subordinate to it. 2. (Law) A inheritance annexed by prescription to a superior inheritance. ApÏpend¶ence (?), ApÏpend¶enÏcy (?), } n. State of being appendant; appendance. [Obs.] ApÏpend¶iÏcal (?), a. Of or like an appendix. ApÏpend¶iÏcate (?), v. t. To append. [Obs.] ApÏpend·iÏca¶tion (?), n. An appendage. [Obs.] ApÏpend·iÏci¶tis (?), n. (Med.) Inflammation of the vermiform appendix. ApÏpend¶iÏcle (?), n. [L. appendicula, dim. of. appendix.] A small appendage. Ap·penÏdic¶uÏlar (?), a. Relating to an appendicle; appendiculate. [R.] Ø Ap·penÏdic·uÏla¶riÏa (?), n. [NL.] (Zo”l.) A genus of small freeÐswimming Tunicata, shaped somewhat like a tadpole, and remarkable for resemblances to the larv‘ of other Tunicata. It is the type of the order Copelata or Larvalia. See Illustration in Appendix. Ø Ap·penÏdic·uÏla¶ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo”l.) An order of annelids; the Polych?ta. Ap·penÏdic¶uÏlate (?), a. [See Appendicle.] Having small appendages; forming an appendage. Appendiculate leaf, a small appended leaf. Withering. ApÏpen¶dix (?), n.; pl. E. Appendixes (?), L. Appendices (?). [L. appendix, Ïdicis, fr. appendere. See Append.] 1. Something appended or added; an appendage, adjunct, or concomitant. Normandy became an appendix to England. Sir M. Hale. 2. Any literary matter added to a book, but not necessarily essential to its completeness, and thus distinguished from supplement, which is intended to supply deficiencies and correct inaccuracies. Syn. - See Supplement. ApÏpen¶sion (?), n. The act of appending. [Obs.] Ap·perÏceive¶ (?), v. t. [F. apercevoir, fr. L. ad + percipere, perceptum, to perceive. See Perceive.] To perceive; to comprehend. Chaucer. Ap·perÏcep¶tion (?), n. [Pref. adÏ + perception: cf. F. apperception.] (Metaph.) The mind's perception of itself as the subject or actor in its own states; perception that reflects upon itself; sometimes, intensified or energetic perception. Leibnitz. Reid. This feeling has been called by philosophers the apperception or consciousness of our own existence. Sir W. Hamilton. ApÏper¶il (?), n. Peril. [Obs.] Shak. Ap·perÏtain¶ (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Appertained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Appertaining.] [OE. apperteinen, apertenen, OF. apartenir, F. appartenir, fr. L. appertinere; ad + pertinere to reach to, belong. See Pertain.] To belong or pertain, whether by right, nature, appointment, or custom; to relate. Things appertaining to this life. Hooker. Give it unto him to whom it appertaineth. Lev. vi. 5. Ap·perÏtain¶ment , n. That which appertains to a person; an appurtenance. [Obs. or R.] Shak. ApÏper¶tiÏnance (?), ApÏper¶tiÏnence (?), } n. See Appurtenance. ApÏper¶tiÏnent (?), a. Belonging; appertaining. [Now usually written appurtenant.] ÿColeridge. ApÏper¶tiÏnent, n. That which belongs to something else; an appurtenant. [Obs.] Shak. ApÏpete¶ (?), v. t. [L. appetere: cf. F. app‚ter. See Appetite.] To seek for; to desire. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ap¶peÏtence (?), n. [Cf. F. app‚tence. See Appetency.] A longing; a desire; especially an ardent desire; appetite; appetency. Ap¶peÏtenÏcy (?), n.; pl. Appetencies (?). [L. appetentia, fr. appetere to strive after, long for. See Appetite.] 1. Fixed and strong desire; esp. natural desire; a craving; an eager appetite. They had a strong appetency for reading. Merivale. 2. Specifically: An instinctive inclination or propensity in animals to perform certain actions, as in the young to suck, in aquatic fowls to enter into water and to swim; the tendency of an organized body to seek what satisfies the wants of its organism. These lacteal? ?ave mouths, and by animal selection or appetency the absorb such part of the fluid as is agreeable to their palate. E. Darwin. 3. Natural tendency; affinity; attraction; Ð used of inanimate objects. Ap¶peÏtent (?), a. [L. appetens, p. pr. of appetere.] Desiring; eagerly desirous. [R.] Appetent after glory and renown. Sir G. Buck. Ap·peÏtiÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. [Cf. F. app‚tibilit‚.] The quality of being desirable. Bramhall. Ap¶peÏtiÏble (?), a. [L. appetibilis, fr. appetere: cf. F. app‚tible.] Desirable; capable or worthy of being the object of desire. Bramhall. Ap¶peÏtite (?), n. [OE. appetit, F. app‚tit, fr. L. appetitus, fr. appetere to strive after, long for; ad + petere to seek. See Petition, and cf. Appetence.] 1. The desire for some personal gratification, either of the body or of the mind. The object of appetite it whatsoever sensible good may be wished for; the object of will is that good which reason does lead us to seek. Hooker. 2. Desire for, or relish of, food or drink; hunger. Men must have appetite before they will eat. Buckle. 3. Any strong desire; an eagerness or longing. It God had given to eagles an appetite to swim. Jer. Taylor. To gratify the vulgar appetite for the marvelous. Macaulay. 4. Tendency; appetency. [Obs.] In all bodies there as an appetite of union. Bacon. 5. The thing desired. [Obs.] Power being the natural appetite of princes. Swift. µ In old authors, appetite is followed by to or of, but regularly it should be followed by for before the object; as, an appetite for pleasure. Syn. - Craving; longing; desire; appetency; passion. Ap·peÏti¶tion (?), n. [L. appetitio: cf. F. app‚tition.] Desire; a longing for, or seeking after, something. Holland. Ap¶peÏti¶tive (?), a. [Cf. F. app‚titif.] Having the quality of desiring gratification; as, appetitive power or faculty. Sir M. Hale. Ap¶peÏtize (?), v. t. To make hungry; to whet the appetite of. Sir W. Scott. Ap¶peÏti·zer (?), n. Something which creates or whets an appetite. Ap¶peÏti·zing (?), a. [Cf. F. app‚tissant.] Exciting appetite; as, appetizing food. The appearance of the wild ducks is very appetizing. Sir W. Scott. Ap¶peÏti·zing, adv. So as to excite appetite. Ap¶piÏan (?), a. [L. Appius, Appianus.] Of or pertaining to Appius. ÷ Way, the great paved highway from ancient Rome trough Capua to Brundisium, now Brindisi, constructed partly by Appius Claudius, about 312 b. c. ApÏplaud¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Applauded; p. pr. & vb. n. Applauding.] [L. applaudere; ad + plaudere to clash, to clap the hands: cf. F. applaudir. Cf. Explode.] 1. To show approval of by clapping the hands, acclamation, or other significant sign. I would applaud thee to the very echo, That should applaud again. Shak. 2. To praise by words; to express approbation of; to commend; to approve. By the gods, I do applaud his courage. Shak. Syn. - To praise; extol; commend; cry up; magnify; approve. See Praise. ApÏplaud¶, v. i. To express approbation loudly or significantly. ApÏplaud¶er (?), n. One who applauds. ApÏplaus¶aÏble (?), a. Worthy pf applause; praiseworthy. [Obs.] ApÏplause¶ (?), n. [L. applaudere, app?ausum. See Applaud.] The act of applauding; approbation and praise publicly expressed by clapping the hands, stamping or tapping with the feet, acclamation, huzzas, or other means; marked commendation. The brave man seeks not popular applause. Dryden. Syn. - Acclaim; acclamation; plaudit; commendation; approval. ApÏplau¶sive (?), a. [LL. applausivus.] Expressing applause; approbative. Ð ApÏplau¶siveÏly, adv. Ap¶ple (?), n. [OE. appel, eppel, AS. ‘ppel, ‘pl; akin to Fries. & D. appel, OHG, aphul, aphol, G. apfel, Icel. epli, Sw. „ple, Dan. ‘ble, Gael. ubhall, W. afal, Arm. aval, Lith. ob?lys, Russ. iabloko; of unknown origin.] 1. The fleshy pome or fruit of a rosaceous tree (Pyrus malus) cultivated in numberless varieties in the temperate zones. µ The European crab ~ is supposed to be the original kind, from which all others have sprung. 2. (bot.) Any tree genus Pyrus which has the stalk sunken into the base of the fruit; an ~ tree. 3. Any fruit or other vegetable production resembling, or supposed to resemble, the ~; as, apple of love, or love apple (a tomato), balsam apple, egg apple, oak apple. 4. Anything round like an apple; as, an apple of gold. Apple is used either adjectively or in combination; as, apple paper or appleÐpaper, appleÐshaped, apple blossom, apple dumpling, apple pudding. ÷ blight, an aphid which injures ~ trees. See Blight, n. Ð ÷ borer (Zo”l.), a coleopterous insect (Saperda candida or bivittata), the larva of which bores into the trunk of the ~ tree and pear tree. Ð ÷ brandy, brandy made from apples. Ð ÷ butter, a sauce made of apples stewed down in cider. Bartlett. Ð ÷ corer, an instrument for removing the cores from apples. Ð ÷ fly (Zo”l.), any dipterous insect, the larva of which burrows in apples. ÷ flies belong to the genera Drosophila and Trypeta. Ð ÷ midge (Zo”l.), a small dipterous insect (Sciara mali), the larva of which bores in apples. Ð ÷ of the eye, the pupil. Ð ÷ of discord, a subject of contention and envy, so called from the mythological golden ~, inscribed ½For the fairest,¸ which was thrown into an assembly of the gods by Eris, the goddess of discord. It was contended for by Juno, Minerva, and Venus, and was adjudged to the latter. Ð ÷ of love, or Love ~, the tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum). Ð ÷ of Peru, a large coarse herb (Nicandra physaloides) bearing pale blue flowers, and a bladderlike fruit inclosing a dry berry. Ð Apples of Sodom, a fruit described by ancient writers as externally of air appearance but dissolving into smoke and ashes plucked; Dead Sea apples. The name is often given to the fruit of Solanum Sodom‘um, a prickly shrub with fruit not unlike a small yellow tomato. Ð ÷ sauce, stewed apples. [U. S.] Ð ÷ snail or ÷ shell (Zo”l.), a freshÐwater, operculated, spiral shell of the genus Ampullaria. Ð ÷ tart, a tart containing ~. Ð ÷ tree, a tree naturally bears apples. See Apple, 2. Ð ÷ wine, cider. Ð ÷ wormÿ(Zo”l.), the larva of a small moth (Carpocapsa pomonella) which burrows in the interior of apples. See Codling moth. Ð Dead Sea ~. (a) pl. Apples of Sodom. Also Fig. ½To seek the Dead Sea apples of politics.¸ S. B. Griffin. (b) A kind of gallnut coming from Arabia. See Gallnut. Ap¶ple (?), v. i. To grow like an ~; to bear apples. Holland. Ap¶pleÐfaced· (?), a. Having a round, broad face, like an apple. ½AppleÐfaced children.¸ Dickens. Ap¶pleÐjack· (?), n. Apple brandy. [U.S.] Ap¶pleÐjoin· , n. A kind of apple which by keeping becomes much withered; Ð called also Johnapple. Shak. Ap¶ple pie· (?). A pie made of apples (usually sliced or stewed) with spice and sugar. AppleÐpie bed, a bed in which, as a joke, the sheets are so doubled (like the cover of an apple turnove?) as to prevent any one from getting at his length between them. Halliwell, Conybeare. Ð AppleÐpie order, perfect order or arrangement. [Colloq.] Halliwell. Ap¶pleÐsquire· (?), n. A pimp; a kept gallant. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. ApÏpli¶aÏble (?), a. [See Apply.] Applicable; also, compliant. [Obs.] Howell. ApÏpli¶ance (?), n. 1. The act of applying; application; [Obs.] subservience. Shak. 2. The thing applied or used as a means to an end; an apparatus or device; as, to use various appliances; a mechanical appliance; a machine with its appliances. Ap·pliÏcaÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being applicable or fit to be applied. Ap¶pliÏcaÏble (?), a. [Cf. F. aplicable, fr. L. applicare. See Apply.] Capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having relevance; as, this observation is applicable to the case under consideration. Ð Ap¶pliÏcaÏbleÏness, n. Ð Ap¶pliÏcaÏbly, adv. Ap¶pliÏcanÏcy (?), n. The quality or state of being applicable. [R.] Ap¶pliÏcant (?), n. [L. applicans, p. pr. of applicare. See Apply.] One who apples for something; one who makes request; a petitioner. The applicant for a cup of water. Plumtre. The court require the applicant to appear in person. Z. Swift. Ap¶pliÏcate (?), a. [L. applicatus, p. p. of applicare. See Apply.] Applied or put to some use. Those applicate sciences which extend the power of man over the elements. I. Taylor. ÷ number (Math.), one which applied to some concrete case. Ð ÷ ordinate, right line applied at right angles to the axis of any conic section, and bounded by the curve. Ap¶pliÏcate (?), v. i. To apply. [Obs.] The act of faith is applicated to the object. Bp. Pearson. Ap·pliÏca¶tion (?), n. [L. applicatio, fr. applicare: cf. F. application. See Apply.] 1. The act of applying or laying on, in a literal sense; as, the application of emollients to a diseased limb. 2. The thing applied. He invented a new application by which blood might be stanched. Johnson. 2. The act of applying as a means; the employment of means to accomplish an end; specific use. If a right course... be taken with children, there will not be much need of the application of the common rewards and punishments. Locke. 4. The act of directing or referring something to a particular case, to discover or illustrate agreement or disagreement, fitness, or correspondence; as, I make the remark, and leave you to make the application; the application of a theory.

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5. Hence, in specific uses: (a) That part of a sermon or discourse in which the principles before laid down and illustrated are applied to practical uses; the ½moral¸ of a fable. (b) The use of the principles of one science for the purpose of enlarging or perfecting another; as, the application of algebra to geometry. 6. The capacity of being practically applied or used; relevancy; as, a rule of general application. 7. The act of fixing the mind or closely applying one's self; assiduous effort; close attention; as, to injure the health by application to study. Had his application been equal to his talents, his progress night have been greater. J. Jay. 8. The act of making request of soliciting; as, an application for an office; he made application to a court of chancery. 9. A request; a document containing a request; as, his application was placed on file. Ap¶pliÏcaÏtive (?), a. [Cf. F. applicatif, fr. L. applicare. See Apply.] Having of being applied or used; applying; applicatory; practical. Bramhall. Ð Ap¶pliÏcaÏtiveÏly, adv. Ap¶pliÏcaÏtoÏriÏly (?), adv. By way of application. Ap¶pliÏcaÏtoÏry, a. Having the property of applying; applicative; practical. Ð n. That which applies. ApÏpli¶edÏly (?), adv. By application. [R.] ApÏpli¶er (?), n. He who, or that which, applies. ApÏpli¶ment (?), n. Application. [Obs.] Marston Ø Ap·pli·qu‚¶ (?; 277), a. [F., fr. appliquer to put on.] Ornamented with a pattern (which has been cut out of another color or stuff) applied or transferred to a foundation; as, appliqu‚ lace; appliqu‚ work. ApÏplot¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Applotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Applotting.] [Pref. adÏ + plot.] To divide into plots or parts; to apportion. Milton. ApÏplot¶ment (?), n. Apportionment. ApÏply¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Applied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Applying.] [OF. aplier, F. appliquer, fr. L. applicare to join, fix, or attach to; ad + plicare to fold, to twist together. See Applicant, Ply.] 1. To lay or place; to put or adjust (one thing to another); Ð with to; as, to apply the hand to the breast; to apply medicaments to a diseased part of the body. He said, and the sword his throat applied. Dryden. 2. To put to use; to use or employ for a particular purpose, or in a particular case; to appropriate; to devote; as, to apply money to the payment of a debt. 3. To make use of, declare, or pronounce, as suitable, fitting, or relative; as, to apply the testimony to the case; to apply an epithet to a person. Yet God at last To Satan, first in sin, his doom applied. Milton. 4. To fix closely; to engage and employ diligently, or with attention; to attach; to incline. Apply thine heart unto instruction. Prov. xxiii. 12. 5. To direct or address. [R.] Sacred vows... applied to grisly Pluto. Pope. 6. To betake; to address; to refer; Ð used reflexively. I applied myself to him for help. Johnson. 7. To busy; to keep at work; to ply. [Obs.] She was skillful in applying his ½humors.¸ Sir P. Sidney. 8. To visit. [Obs.] And he applied each place so fast. Chapman. Applied chemistry. See under Chemistry. Ð Applied mathematics. See under Mathematics. ApÏply¶, v. i. 1. To suit; to agree; to have some connection, agreement, or analogy; as, this argument applies well to the case. 2. To make request; to have recourse with a view to gain something; to make application. (to); to solicit; as, to apply to a friend for information. 3. To ply; to move. [R.] I heard the sound of an oar applying swiftly through the water. T. Moore. 4. To ~ or address one's self; to give application; to attend closely (to). Ø ApÏpog·giaÏtu¶ra (?), n. [It., fr. appogiarre to lean, to rest; apÏ (L. ad) + poggiare to mount, ascend, poggio hill, fr. L. podium an elevated place.] (Mus.) A passing tone preceding an essential tone, and borrowing the time it occupies from that; a short auxiliary or grace note one degree above or below the principal note unless it be of the same harmony; Ð generally indicated by a note of smaller size, as in the illustration above. It forms no essential part of the harmony. ApÏpoint¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appointed; p. pr. & vb. n. Appointing.] [OE. appointen, apointen, OF. apointier to prepare, arrange, lean, place, F. appointer to give a salary, refer a cause, fr. LL. appunctare to bring back to the point, restore, to fix the point in a controversy, or the points in an agreement; L. ad + punctum a point. See Point.] 1. To fix with power or firmness; to establish; to mark out. When he appointed the foundations of the earth. Prov. viii. 29. 2. To fix by a decree, order, command, resolve, decision, or mutual agreement; to constitute; to ordain; to prescribe; to fix the time and place of. Thy servants are ready to do whatsoever my lord the king shall appoint. 2 Sam. xv. 15. He hath appointed a day, in the which he will judge the world in righteousness. Acts xvii. 31. Say that the emperor request a parley... and appoint the ??eeting. Shak. 2. To assign, designate, or set apart by authority. Aaron and his shall go in, and appoint them every one to his service. Num. iv. 19. These were cities appointed for all the children of Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth among them. Josh. xx. 9. 4. To furnish in all points; to provide with everything necessary by way of equipment; to equip; to fit out. The English, being well appointed, did so entertain them that their ships departed terribly torn. Hayward. 5. To point at by way, or for the purpose? of censure or commendation; to arraign. [Obs.] Appoint not heavenly disposition. Milton. 6. (Law) To direct, designate, or limit; to make or direct a new disposition of, by virtue of a power contained in a conveyance; Ð said of an estate already conveyed. Burrill. Kent. To ~ one's self, to resolve. [Obs.] Crowley. ApÏpoint¶ (?), v. i. To ordain; to determine; to arrange. For the Lord had appointed to defeat the good counsel of Ahithoph?l. 2 Sam. xvii. 14. ApÏpoint¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being appointed or constituted. ApÏpointÏee¶ (?), n. [F. appoint‚, p. p. of appointer. See Appoint, v. t.] 1. A person appointed. The commission authorizes them to make appointments, and pay the appointees. Circular of Mass. Representatives (1768). 2. (law) A person in whose favor a power of appointment is executed. Kent. Wharton. ApÏpoint¶er (?), n. One who appoints, or executes a power of appointment. Kent. ApÏpoint¶ive (?), a. Subject to appointment; as, an appointive office. [R.] ApÏpoint¶ment (?), n. [Cf. F. appointement.] 1. The act of appointing; designation of a person to hold an office or discharge a trust; as, he erred by the appointment of unsuitable men. 2. The state of being appointed to som? service or office; an office to which one is appointed; station; position; an, the appointment of treasurer. 3. Stipulation; agreement; the act of fixing by mutual agreement. Hence:: Arrangement for a meeting; engagement; as, they made an appointment to meet at six. 4. Decree; direction; established order or constitution; as, to submit to the divine appointments. According to the appointment of the priests. Ezra vi. 9. 5. (Law) The exercise of the power of designating (under a ½power of ~¸) a person to enjoy an estate or other specific property; also, the instrument by which the designation is made. 6. Equipment, furniture, as for a ship or an army; whatever is appointed for use and management; outfit; (pl.) the accouterments of military officers or soldiers, as belts, sashes, swords. The cavaliers emulated their chief in the richness of their appointments. Prescott. I'll prove it in my shackles, with these hands Void of appoinment, that thou liest. Beau. & Fl. 7. An allowance to a person, esp. to a public officer; a perquisite; Ð properly only in the plural. [Obs.] An expense proportioned to his appointments and fortune is necessary. Chesterfield. 8. A honorary part or exercise, as an oration, etc., at a public exhibition of a college; as, to have an appointment. [U.S.] Syn. - Designation; command; order; direction; establishment; equipment. ApÏpointÏor¶ (?), n. (Law) The person who selects the appointee. See Appointee, 2. ApÏpor¶ter (?), n. [Cf. F. apporter to bring in, fr. L. apportare; ad + portare to bear.] A bringer in; an importer. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. ApÏpor¶tion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Apportioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Apportioning.] [OF. apportionner, LL. apportionare, fr. L. ad + portio. See Portion.] To divide and assign in just proportion; to divide and distribute proportionally; to portion out; to allot; as, to apportion undivided rights; to apportion time among various employments. ApÏpor¶tionÏateÏness (?), n. The quality of being apportioned or in proportion. [Obs. & R.] ApÏpor¶tionÏer (?), n. One who apportions. ApÏpor¶tionÏment (?), n. [Cf. F. apportionnement, LL. apportionamentum.] The act of apportioning; a dividing into just proportions or shares; a division or shares; a division and assignment, to each proprietor, of his just portion of an undivided right or property. A. Hamilton. ApÏpose¶ (?), v. t. [F. apposer to set to; ? (L. ad) + poser to put, place. See Pose.] 1. To place opposite or before; to put or apply (one thing to another). The nymph herself did then appose, For food and beverage, to him all best meat. Chapman. 2. To place in juxtaposition or proximity. ApÏpose¶, v. t. [For oppose. See Oppose.] To put questions to; to examine; to try. [Obs.] See Pose. To appose him without any accuser, and that secretly. Tyndale. ApÏposed¶ (?), a. Placed in apposition; mutually fitting, as the mandibles of a bird's beak. ApÏpos¶er (?), n. An examiner; one whose business is to put questions. Formerly, in the English Court of Exchequer, an officer who audited the sheriffs' accounts. Ap¶poÏsite (?), a. [L. appositus, p. p. of apponere to set or put to; ad + ponere to put, place.] Very applicable; well adapted; suitable or fit; relevant; pat; Ð followed by to; as, this argument is very apposite to the case. Ð Ap¶poÏsiteÏly, adv. Ð Ap¶poÏsiteÏness, n. Ap·poÏsi¶tion (?), n. [L. appositio, fr. apponere: cf. F. apposition. See Apposite.] 1. The act of adding; application; accretion. It grows... by the apposition of new matter. Arbuthnot. 2. The putting of things in juxtaposition, or side by side; also, the condition of being so placed. 3. (Gram.) The state of two nouns or pronouns, put in the same case, without a connecting word between them; as, I admire Cicero, the orator. Here, the second noun explains or characterizes the first. Growth by ~ (Physiol.), a mode of growth characteristic of non vascular tissues, in which nutritive matter from the blood is transformed on the surface of an organ into solid unorganized substance. Ap·poÏsi¶tionÏal (?), a. Pertaining to apposition; put in apposition syntactically. Ellicott. ApÏpos¶iÏtive (?), a. Of or relating to apposition; in apposition. Ð n. A noun in apposition. Ð ApÏpos¶iÏtiveÏly, adv. Appositive to the words going immediately before. Knatchbull. ApÏprais¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being appraised. ApÏprais¶al (?), n. [See Appraise. Cf. Apprizal.] A valuation by an authorized person; an appraisement. ApÏpraise¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appraised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Appraising.] [Pref. adÏ + praise. See Praise, Price, Apprize, Appreciate.] 1. To set a value; to estimate the worth of, particularly by persons appointed for the purpose; as, to appraise goods and chattels. 2. To estimate; to conjecture. Enoch... appraised his weight. Tennyson. 3. To praise; to commend. [Obs.] R. Browning. Appraised the Lycian custom. Tennyson. µ In the United States, this word is often pronounced, and sometimes written, apprize. ApÏpraise¶ment (?), n. [See Appraise. Cf. Apprizement.] The act of setting the value; valuation by an appraiser; estimation of worth. ApÏprais¶er (?), n. [See Appraise, Apprizer.] One who appraises; esp., a person appointed and sworn to estimate and fix the value of goods or estates. Ap·preÏca¶tion , n. [L. apprecari to pray to; ad + precari to pray, prex, precis, prayer.] Earnest prayer; devout wish. [Obs.] A solemn apprecation of good success. Bp. Hall. Ap¶preÏcaÏtoÏry (?), a. Praying or wishing good. [Obs.]½Apprecatory benedictions.¸ Bp. Hall. ApÏpre¶ciÏaÏble (?), a. [Cf. F. appr‚ciable.] Capable of being appreciated or estimated; large enough to be estimated; perceptible; as, an appreciable quantity. Ð ApÏpre¶ciÏaÏbly, adv. ApÏpre¶ciÏant (?), a. Appreciative. [R.] ApÏpre¶ciÏate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appreciated; p. pr. & vb. n. Appreciating.] [L. appretiatus, p. p. of appretiare to value at a price, appraise; ad + pretiare to prize, pretium price. Cf. Appraise.] 1. To set a price or value on; to estimate justly; to value. To appreciate the motives of their enemies. Gibbon. 2. To recognize the worth of; to esteem highly; as, I am afraid you do not appreciate my friend. 3. To raise the value of; to increase the market price of; Ð opposed to depreciate. [U.S.] Lest a sudden peace should appreciate the money. Ramsay. 4. To be sensible of; to distinguish. To test the power of b??s to appreciate color. Lubbock. Syn. - To Appreciate, Estimate, Esteem. Estimate is an act of judgment; esteem is an act of valuing or prizing, and when applied to individuals, denotes a sentiment of moral approbation. See Estimate. Appreciate lies between the two. As compared with estimate, it supposes a union of sensibility with judgment, producing a nice and delicate perception. As compared with esteem, it denotes a valuation of things according to their appropriate and distinctive excellence, and not simply their moral worth. Thus, with reference to the former of these (delicate perception), an able writer says. ½Women have a truer appreciation of character than men;¸ and another remarks, ½It is difficult to appreciate the true force and distinctive sense of terms which we are every day using.¸ So, also, we speak of the difference between two things, as sometimes hardly appreciable. With reference to the latter of these (that of valuation as the result of a nice perception), we say, ½It requires a pe??liar cast of character to appreciate the poetry of Wordsworth;¸ ½He who has no delicacy himself, can not appreciate it in others;¸ ½The thought of death is salutary, because it leads us to appreciate worldly things aright.¸ Appreciate is much used in cases where something is in danger of being overlooked or undervalued; as when we speak of appreciating the difficulties of a subject, or the risk of an undertaking. So Lord Plunket, referring to an ½ominous silence¸ which prevailed among the Irish peasantry, says, ½If you knew now to appreciate that silence, it is more formidable than the most clamorous opposition.¸ In like manner, a person who asks some favor of another is apt to say, ½I trust you will appreciate my motives in this request.¸ Here we have the key to a very frequent use of the word. It is hardly necessary to say that appreciate looks on the favorable side of things. we never speak of appreciating a man's faults, but his merits. This idea of regarding things favorably appears more fully in the word appreciative; as when we speak of an appreciative audience, or an appreciative review, meaning one that manifests a quick perception and a ready valuation of excellence. ApÏpre¶ciÏate, v. i. To rise in value. [See note under Rise, v. i.] J. Morse. ApÏpre¶ciÏa·tingÏly (?), adv. In an appreciating manner; with appreciation. ApÏpre·ciÏa¶tion (?), n. [Cf. F. appr‚ciation.] 1. A just valuation or estimate of merit, worth, weight, etc.; recognition of excellence. 2. Accurate perception; true estimation; as, an appreciation of the difficulties before us; an appreciation of colors. His foreboding showed his appreciation of Henry's character. J. R. Green. 3. A rise in value; Ð opposed to depreciation. ApÏpre¶ciÏaÏtive (?), a. Having or showing a just or ready appreciation or perception; as, an appreciative audience. Ð ApÏpre¶ciÏaÏtiveÏly, adv. ApÏpre¶ciÏaÏtiveÏness, n. The quality of being appreciative; quick recognition of excellence. ApÏpre¶ciÏa·tor (?), n. One who appreciates. ApÏpre¶ciÏaÏtoÏry (?), a. Showing appreciation; appreciative; as, appreciatory commendation. Ð ApÏpre¶ciÏaÏtoÏriÏly (?), adv.

<-- p. 74 -->

Ap·preÏhend¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Apprehended; p. pr. & vb. n. Apprehending.] [L. apprehendere; ad + prehendere to lay hold of, seize; prae before + Ïhendere (used only in comp.); akin to Gr. ? to hold, contain, and E. get: cf. F. appr‚hender. See Prehensile, Get.] 1. To take or seize; to take hold of. [Archaic] We have two hands to apprehended it. Jer. Taylor. 2. Hence: To take or seize (a person) by legal process; to arrest; as, to apprehend a criminal. 3. To take hold of with the understanding, that is, to conceive in the mind; to become cognizant of; to understand; to recognize; to consider. This suspicion of Earl Reimund, though at first but a buzz, soon got a sting in the king's head, and he violently apprehended it. Fuller. The eternal laws, such as the heroic age apprehended them. Gladstone. 4. To know or learn with certainty. [Obs.] G. You are too much distrustful of my truth. E. Then you must give me leave to apprehend The means and manner how. Beau. & Fl. 5. To anticipate; esp., to anticipate with anxiety, dread, or fear; to fear. The opposition had more reason than the king to apprehend violence. Macaulay.

Syn. - To catch; seize; arrest; detain; capture; conceive; understand; imagine; believe; fear; dread. Ð To Apprehend, Comprehend. These words come into comparison as describing acts of the mind. Apprehend denotes the laying hold of a thing mentally, so as to understand it clearly, at least in part. Comprehend denotes the embracing or understanding it in all its compass and extent. We may apprehended many truths which we do not comprehend. The very idea of God supposes that he may be apprehended, though not comprehended, by rational beings. ½We may apprehended much of Shakespeare's aim and intention in the character of Hamlet or King Lear; but few will claim that they have comprehended all that is embraced in these characters.¸ Trench. Ap·preÏhend¶, v. i. 1. To think, believe, or be of opinion; to understand; to suppose. 2. To be apprehensive; to fear. It is worse to apprehend than to suffer. Rowe. Ap·preÏhend¶er (?), n. One who apprehends. Ap·preÏhen·siÏbi¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being apprehensible. [R.] De Quincey. Ap·preÏhen¶siÏble (?), a. [L. apprehensibilis. See Apprehend.] Capable of being apprehended or conceived. ½Apprehensible by faith.¸ Bp. Hall. Ð Ap·ÏpreÏhen¶siÏbly, adv. Ap·preÏhen¶sion (?), n. [L. apprehensio: cf. F. appr‚hension. See Apprehend.] 1. The act of seizing or taking hold of; seizure; as, the hand is an organ of apprehension. Sir T. Browne. 2. The act of seizing or taking by legal process; arrest; as, the felon, after his apprehension, escaped. 3. The act of grasping with the intellect; the contemplation of things, without affirming, denying, or passing any judgment; intellection; perception. Simple apprehension denotes no more than the soul's naked intellection of an object. Glanvill. 4. Opinion; conception; sentiment; idea. µ In this sense, the word often denotes a belief, founded on sufficient evidence to give preponderation to the mind, but insufficient to induce certainty; as, in our apprehension, the facts prove the issue. To false, and to be thought false, is all one in respect of men, who act not according to truth, but apprehension. South. 5. The faculty by which ideas are conceived; understanding; as, a man of dull apprehension. 6. Anticipation, mostly of things unfavorable; distrust or fear at the prospect of future evil. After the death of his nephew Caligula, Claudius was in no small apprehension for his own life. Addison. Syn. - Apprehension, Alarm. Apprehension springs from a sense of danger when somewhat remote, but approaching; alarm arises from danger when announced as near at hand. Apprehension is calmer and more permanent; alarm is more agitating and transient. Ap·preÏhen¶sive (?), a. [Cf. F. appr‚hensif. See Apprehend.] 1. Capable of apprehending, or quick to do so; apt; discerning. It may be pardonable to imagine that a friend, a kind and apprehensive... friend, is listening to our talk. Hawthorne. 2. Knowing; conscious; cognizant. [R.] A man that has spent his younger years in vanity and folly, and is, by the grace of God, apprehensive of it. Jer. Taylor. 3. Relating to the faculty of apprehension. Judgment... is implied in every apprehensive act. Sir W. Hamilton. 4. Anticipative of something unfavorable' fearful of what may be coming; in dread of possible harm; in expectation of evil. Not at all apprehensive of evils as a distance. Tillotson. Reformers... apprehensive for their lives. Gladstone. 5. Sensible; feeling; perceptive. [R.] Thoughts, my tormentors, armed with deadly stings, Mangle my apprehensive, tenderest parts. Milton. Ap·preÏhen¶siveÏly, adv. In an apprehensive manner; with apprehension of danger. Ap·preÏhen¶siveÏness, n. The quality or state of being apprehensive. ApÏpren¶tice (?), n. [OE. apprentice, prentice, OF. aprentis, nom. of aprentif, fr. apprendare to learn, L. apprendere, equiv. to apprehendere, to take hold of (by the mind), to comprehend. See Apprehend, Prentice.] 1. One who is bound by indentures or by legal agreement to serve a mechanic, or other person, for a certain time, with a view to learn the art, or trade, in which his master is bound to instruct him. 2. One not well versed in a subject; a tyro. 3. (Old law) A barrister, considered a learner of law till of sixteen years' standing, when he might be called to the rank of serjeant. [Obs.] Blackstone. ApÏpren¶tice , v. t. [imp. & p. p. Apprenticed ; p. pr. & vb. n. Apprenticing .] To bind to, or put under the care of, a master, for the purpose of instruction in a trade or business. ApÏpre¶ticeÏage , n. [F. apprentissage.] Apprenticeship. [Obs.] ApÏpren¶ticeÏhood, n. Apprenticeship. [Obs.] ApÏpren¶ticeÏship, n. 1. The service or condition of an apprentice; the state in which a person is gaining instruction in a trade or art, under legal agreement. 2. The time an apprentice is serving (sometimes seven years, as from the age of fourteen to twentyÐone). ApÏpressed¶, ApÏprest¶ } , a. [p. p. appress, which is not in use. See Adpress.] (Bot.) Pressed close to, or lying against, something for its whole length, as against a stem, Gray. ApÏprise¶ , v. t. [imp. & p. p. Apprised ; p. pr. & vb. n. Apprising.] [ F. appris, fem. apprise, p. p. apprendre to learn, to teach, to inform. Cf. Apprehend, Apprentice.] To give notice, verbal or written; to inform; Ð followed by of; as, we will apprise the general of an intended attack; he apprised the commander of what he had done. ApÏprise¶, n. Notice; information. [Obs.] Gower. ApÏpriz¶al , n. See Appraisal. ApÏprize¶ , v. t. [The same as Appraise, only more accommodated to the English form of the L. pretiare.] To appraise; to value; to appreciate. ApÏprize¶ment , n. Appraisement. ApÏpriz¶er , n. 1. An appraiser. 2. (Scots Law) A creditor for whom an appraisal is made. Sir W. Scott. ApÏproach¶ , v. i. [imp. & p. p. Approached ; p. pr. & vb. n. Approaching.] [OE. approchen, aprochen, OF. approcher, LL. appropriare, fr. L. ad + propiare to draw near, prope near.] 1. To come or go near, in place or time; to draw ?igh; to advance nearer. Wherefore approached ye so nigh unto the city? 2 Sam. xi. 20. But exhorting one another; and so much the more, as ye see the day approaching. Heb. x. 25. 2. To draw near, in a figurative sense; to make advances; to approximate; as, he approaches to the character of the ablest statesman. ApÏproach¶, v. t. 1. To bring near; to cause to draw near; to advance. [Archaic] Boyle. 2. To come near to in place, time, or character; to draw nearer to; as, to approach the city; to approach my cabin; he approached the age of manhood. He was an admirable poet, and thought even to have approached Homer. Temple. 3. (Mil.) To take approaches to. ApÏproach¶, n. [Cf. F. approche. See Approach, v. i.] 1. The act of drawing near; a coming or advancing near. ½The approach of summer.¸ Horsley. A nearer approach to the human type. Owen. 2. A access, or opportunity of drawing near. The approach to kings and principal persons. Bacon. 3. pl. Movements to gain favor; advances. 4. A way, passage, or avenue by which a place or buildings can be approached; an access. Macaulay. 5. pl. (Fort.) The advanced works, trenches, or covered roads made by besiegers in their advances toward a fortress or military post. 6. (Hort.) See Approaching. ApÏproach·aÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being approachable; approachableness. ApÏproach¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being approached; accessible; as, approachable virtue. ApÏproach¶aÏbleÏness, n. The quality or state of being approachable; accessibility. ApÏproah¶er (?), n. One who approaches. ApÏproach¶ing, n. (Hort.) The act of ingrafting a sprig or shoot of one tree into another, without cutting it from the parent stock; Ð called, also, inarching and grafting by approach. ApÏproach¶less, a. Impossible to be approached. ApÏproach¶ment (?), n. [Cf. F. approachement.] Approach. [Archaic] Holland. Ap¶proÏbate (?), a. [L. approbatus, p. p. of approbare to approve.] Approved. [Obs.] Elyot. Ap¶proÏbate (?), v. t. To express approbation of; to approve; to sanction officially. I approbate the one, I reprobate the other. Sir W. Hamilton. µ This word is obsolete in England, but is occasionally heard in the United States, chiefly in a technical sense for license; as, a person is approbated to preach; approbated to keep a public house. Pickering (1816). Ap·proÏba¶tion (?), n. [L. approbatio: cf. F. approbation. See Approve to prove.] 1. Proof; attestation. [Obs.] Shak. 2. The act of approving; an assenting to the propriety of a thing with some degree of pleasure or satisfaction; approval; sanction; commendation. Many... joined in a loud hum of approbation. Macaulay. The silent approbation of one's own breast. Melmoth. Animals... love approbation or praise. Darwin. 3. Probation or novitiate. [Obs.] This day my sister should the cloister enter, And there receive her approbation. Shak. Syn. - Approval; liking; sanction; consent; concurrence. Ð Approbation, Approval. Approbation and approval have the same general meaning, assenting to or declaring as good, sanction, commendation; but approbation is stronger and more positive. ½We may be anxious for the approbation of our friends; but we should be still more anxious for the approval of our own consciences.¸ ½He who is desirous to obtain universal approbation will learn a good lesson from the fable of the old man and his ass.¸ ½The work has been examined by several excellent judges, who have expressed their unqualified approval of its plan and execution.¸ Ap¶proÏbaÏtive (?), a. [Cf. F. approbatif.] Approving, or implying approbation. Milner. Ap¶proÏbaÏtiveÏness, n. 1. The quality of being approbative. 2. (Phren.) Love of approbation. Ap¶proÏba·tor (?), n. [L.] One who approves. [R.] Ap¶proÏba·toÏry (?), a. Containing or expressing approbation; commendatory. Sheldon. ApÏpromt¶ (?; 215), v. t. [Pref. adÏ + promt.] To quicken; to prompt. [Obs.] To appromt our invention. Bacon. ApÏproof¶ (?), n. [See Approve, and Proof.] 1. Trial; proof. [Archaic] Shak. 2. Approval; commendation. Shak. Ap·proÏpin¶quate (?), v. i. [L. appropinquatus, p. p. of appropinquare; ad + prope near.] To approach. [Archaic] Ld. Lytton. Ap·proÏpinÏqua¶tion (?), n. [L. appropinquatio.] A drawing nigh; approach. [R.] Bp. Hall. Ap·proÏpin¶quiÏty (?), n. [Pref. adÏ + propinquity.] Nearness; propinquity. [R.] J. Gregory. ApÏpro¶pre (?), v. t. [OE. appropren, apropren, OF. approprier, fr. L. appropriare. See Appropriate.] To appropriate. [Obs.] Fuller. ApÏpro¶priÏaÏble (?), a. [See Appropriate.] Capable of being appropriated, set apart, sequestered, or assigned exclusively to a particular use. Sir T. Browne. ApÏpro¶priÏaÏment (?), n. What is peculiarly one's own; peculiar qualification.[Obs.] If you can neglect Your own appropriaments. Ford. ApÏpro¶priÏate (?), a. [L. appropriatus, p. p. of appropriare; ad + propriare to appropriate, fr. proprius one's own, proper. See Proper.] Set apart for a particular use or person. Hence: Belonging peculiarly; peculiar; suitable; fit; proper. In its strict and appropriate meaning. Porteus. Appropriate acts of divine worship. Stillingfleet. It is not at all times easy to find words appropriate to express our ideas. Locke. ApÏpro¶priÏat? (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appropriated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Appropriating (?).] 1. To take to one's self in exclusion of others; to claim or use as by an exclusive right; as, let no man appropriate the use of a common benefit. 2. To set apart for, or assign to, a particular person or use, in exclusion of all others; Ð with to or for; as, a spot of ground is appropriated for a garden; to appropriate money for the increase of the navy. 3. To make suitable; to suit. [Archaic] Paley. 4. (Eng. Eccl. Law) To annex, as a benefice, to a spiritual corporation, as its property. Blackstone. ApÏpro¶priÏate (?), n. A property; attribute. [Obs.] ApÏpro¶priÏateÏly, adv. In an appropriate or proper manner; fitly; properly. ApÏpro¶priÏateÏness, n. The state or quality of being appropriate; peculiar fitness. Froude. ApÏpro·priÏa¶tion (?), n. [L. appropriatio: cf. F. appropriation.] 1. The act of setting apart or assigning to a particular use or person, or of taking to one's self, in exclusion of all others; application to a special use or purpose, as of a piece of ground for a park, or of money to carry out some object. 2. Anything, especially money, thus set apart. The Commons watched carefully over the appropriation. Macaulay. 3. (Law) (a) The severing or sequestering of a benefice to the perpetual use of a spiritual corporation. Blackstone. (b) The application of payment of money by a debtor to his creditor, to one of several debts which are due from the former to the latter. Chitty. ApÏpro¶priÏaÏtive (?), a. Appropriating; making, or tending to, appropriation; as, an appropriative act. Ð ApÏpro¶priÏaÏtiveÏness, n. ApÏpro¶priÏa·tor (?), n. 1. One who appropriates. 2. (Law) A spiritual corporation possessed of an appropriated benefice; also, an impropriator. Blackstone. ApÏprov¶aÏble (?), a. Worthy o? be?? approved; meritorious. Ð ApÏprov¶aÏbleÏness, n. ApÏprov¶al (?), n. Approbation; sanction. A censor... without whose approval n? capital sentences are to be executed. Temple. Syn. - See Approbation. ApÏprov¶ance (?), n. Approval. [Archaic] A parents... deign approvance. Thomson. ApÏprove¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Approved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Approving.] [OE. aproven, appreven, to prove, OF. aprover, F. approuver, to ~, fr. L. approbare; ad + probare to esteem as good, ~, prove. See Prove, and cf. Approbate.] 1. To show to be real or true; to prove. [Obs.] Wouldst thou approve thy constancy? Approve First thy obedience. Milton. 2. To make proof of; to demonstrate; to prove or show practically. Opportunities to approve... worth. Emerson. He had approved himself a great warrior. Macaulay. 'T is an old lesson; Time approves it true. Byron. His account... approves him a man of thought. Parkman. 3. To sanction officially; to ratify; to confirm; as, to approve the decision of a courtÐmartial. 4. To regard as good; to commend; to be pleased with; to think well of; as, we approve the measured of the administration. 5. To make or show to be worthy of approbation or acceptance. The first care and concern must be to approve himself to God. Rog???. µ This word, when it signifies to be pleased with, to think favorably (of), is often followed by of. They had not approved of the deposition of James. Macaulay. They approved of the political institutions. W. Black. <-- p. 75 -->

ApÏprove¶ (?), v. t. [OF. aprouer; ? (L. ad) + a form apparently derived fr. the pro, prod, in L. prodest it is useful or profitable, properly the preposition pro for. Cf. Improve.] (Eng. Law) To make profit of; to convert to one's own profit; said esp. of waste or common land appropriated by the lord of the manor. ApÏprov¶edÏly (?), adv. So as to secure approbation; in an approved manner. ApÏprove¶ment (?), n. [Obs.] 1. Approbation. I did nothing without your approvement. Hayward. 2. (Eng. Law) a confession of guilt by a prisoner charged with treason or felony, together with an accusation of his accomplish and a giving evidence against them in order to obtain his own pardon. The term is no longer in use; it corresponded to what is now known as turning king's (or queen's) evidence in England, and state's evidence in the United States. Burrill. Bouvier. ApÏprove¶ment, n. (Old Eng. Law) Improvement of common lands, by inclosing and converting them to the uses of husbandry for the advantage of the lord of the manor. Blackstone. ApÏprov¶er (?), n. 1. One who approves. Formerly, one who made proof or trial. 2. An informer; an accuser. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3.(Eng. Law) One who confesses a crime and accuses another. See 1st Approvement, 2. ApÏprov¶er, n. [See 2d Approve, v. t.] (Eng. Law) A bailiff or steward; an agent. [Obs.] Jacobs. ApÏprov¶ing, a. Expressing approbation; commending; as, an approving smile. Ð ApÏprov¶ingÏly, adv. ApÏprox¶iÏmate (?), a. [L. approximatus, p. p. of approximare to approach; ad + proximare to come near. See Proximate.] 1. Approaching; proximate; nearly resembling. 2. Near correctness; nearly exact; not perfectly accurate; as, approximate results or values. ÷ quantities (Math.), those which are nearly, but not, equal. ApÏprox¶iÏmate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Approximated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Approximating.] 1. To carry or advance near; to cause to approach. To approximate the inequality of riches to the level of nature. Burke. 2. To come near to; to approach. The telescope approximates perfection. J. Morse. ApÏprox¶iÏmate, v. i. To draw; to approach. ApÏprox¶iÏmateÏly (?), adv. With approximation; so as to approximate; nearly. ApÏprox·iÏma¶tion (?). n. [Cf. F. approximation, LL. approximatio.] 1. The act of approximating; a drawing, advancing or being near; approach; also, the result of approximating. The largest capacity and the most noble dispositions are but an approximation to the proper standard and true symmetry of human nature. I. Taylor. 2. An approach to a correct estimate, calculation, or conception, or to a given quantity, quality, etc. 3. (Math.) (a) A continual approach or coming nearer to a result; as, to solve an equation by approximation. (b) A value that is nearly but not exactly correct. ApÏprox¶iÏmaÏtive (?), a. [Cf. F. approximatif.] Approaching; approximate. Ð ApÏprox¶iÏmaÏtiveÏly, adv. Ð ApÏprox¶iÏmaÏtiveÏness, n. ApÏprox¶iÏma·tor (?), n. One who, or that which, approximates. Ø Ap·pui¶ (?), n. [F., fr. L. ad + podium foothold, Gr. ?, dim. of ?, ?, foot.] A support or supporter; a stay; a prop. [Obs.] If a be to climb trees that are of any great height, there would be stays and appuies set to it. Holland. Point d'appui (?). [F., a point of support.] (Mil.) (a) A given point or body, upon which troops are formed, or by which are marched in line or column. (b) An advantageous defensive support, as a castle, morass, wood, declivity, etc. Ap¶pulse (?; 277), n. [L. appulsus, fr. appellere, appulsum, to drive to; ad + pellere to drive: cf. F. appulse.] 1. A driving or running towards; approach; impulse; also, the act of striking against. In all consonants there is an appulse of the organs. Holder. 2. (Astron.) The near approach of one heavenly body to another, or to the meridian; a coming into conjunction; as, the appulse of the moon to a star, or of a star to the meridian. ApÏpul¶sion (?), n. A driving or striking against; an appulse. ApÏpul¶sive (?), a. Striking against; impinging; as, the appulsive influence of the planets. P. Cyc. ApÏpul¶siveÏly, adv. By appulsion. ApÏpur¶teÏnance (?), n. [OF. apurtenaunce, apartenance, F. appartenance, LL. appartenentia, from L. appertinere. See Appertain.] That which belongs to something else; an adjunct; an appendage; an accessory; something annexed to another thing more worthy; in common parlance and legal acceptation, something belonging to another thing as principal, and which passes as incident to it, as a right of way, or other easement to land; a right of common to pasture, an outhouse, barn, garden, or orchard, to a house or messuage. In a strict legal sense, land can never pass as an appurtenance to land. Tomlins. Bouvier. Burrill. Globes... provided as appurtenances to astronomy. Bacon. The structure of the eye, and of its appurtenances. Reid. ApÏpur¶teÏnant (?), a. [F. appartenant, p. pr. of appartenir. See Appurtenance.] Annexed or pertaining to some more important thing; accessory; inc?dent; as, a right of way appurtenant to land or buildings. Blackstone. Common ~. (Law) See under Common, n. ApÏpur¶teÏnant, n, Something which belongs or appertains to another thing; an appurtenance. Mysterious appurtenants and symbols of redemption. Coleridge. Ap¶riÏcate (?), v. t. & i. [ L. apricatus, p. p. of apricare, fr. apricus exposed to the sun, fr. aperire to uncover, open.] To bask in the sun. Boyle. Ap·riÏca¶tion , n. Basking in the sun. [R.] A¶priÏcot , n. [OE. apricock, abricot, F. abricot, fr. Sp. albaricoque or Pg. albricoque, fr. Ar. albirq?q, alÐburq?q. Though the E. and F. form abricot is derived from the Arabic through the Spanish, yet the Arabic word itself was formed from the Gr. ?, pl. (Diosc. c. 1000) fr. L. praecoquus, praecox, early ripe. The older E. form apricock was prob. taken direct from Pg. See Precocious, Cook.] (Bot.) A fruit allied to the plum, of an orange color, oval shape, and delicious taste; also, the tree (Prunus Armeniaca of Linn‘us) which bears this fruit. By cultivation it has been introduced throughout the temperate zone. A¶pril (?), n. [L. Aprilis. OE. also Averil, F. Avril, fr. L. Aprilis.] 1. The fourth month of the year. 2. Fig.: With reference to April being the month in which vegetation begins to put forth, the variableness of its weather, etc. The April's her eyes; it is love's spring. Shak. ÷ fool, one who is sportively imposed upon by others on the first day of ÷. Ø A· priÏo¶ri (?). [L. a (ab) + prior former.] 1. (Logic) Characterizing that kind of reasoning which deduces consequences from definitions formed, or principles assumed, or which infers effects from causes previously known; deductive or deductively. The reverse of a posteriori. 2. Presumptive; presumptively; without examination. 3.(Philos.) Applied to knowledge and conceptions assumed, or presupposed, as prior to experience, in order to make experience rational or possible. A priori, that is, form these necessities of the mind or forms of thinking, which, though first revealed to us by experience, must yet have pre‰xisted in order to make experience possible. Coleridge. A·priÏo¶rism (?), n. [Cf. F. apriorisme.] An a priori principle. A·priÏor¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being innate in the mind, or prior to experience; a priori reasoning. Ø AÏproc¶ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? priv. + ? anus.] (Zo”l.) A group of Turbellaria in which there is no anal aperture. AÏproc¶tous (?), a.ÿ(Zo”l.) Without an anal office. A¶pron (?; 277), n. [OE. napron, OF. naperon, F. napperon, dim. of OF. nape, F. nappe, cloth, tablecloth, LL. napa, fr. L. mappa, napkin, table napkin. See Map.] 1. An article of dress, of cloth, leather, or other stuff, worn on the fore part of the body, to keep the clothes clean, to defend them from injury, or as a covering. It is commonly tied at the waist by strings. 2. Something which by its shape or use suggests an ~; as, (a) The fat skin covering the belly of a goose or duck. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. (b) A piece of leather, or other material, to be spread before a person riding on an outside seat of a vehicle, to defend him from the rain, snow, or dust; a boot. ½The weather being too hot for the apron.¸ Hughes. (c) (Gun.) A leaden plate that covers the vent of a cannon. (d) (Shipbuilding) A piece of carved timber, just above the foremost end of the keel. Totten. (e) A platform, or flooring of plank, at the entrance of a dock, against which the dock gates are shut. (f) A flooring of plank before a dam to cause the water to make a gradual descent. (g) (Mech.) The piece that holds the cutting tool of a planer. (h) (Plumbing) A strip of lead which leads the drip of a wall into a gutter; a flashing. (i) (Zo”l.) The infolded abdomen of a crab. A¶proned (?), a. Wearing an apron. A cobbler aproned, and a parson gowned. Pope. A¶pronÏful (?), n.; pl. Apronfuls (?). The quality an apron can hold. A¶pronÏless, a. Without an apron. A¶pron man· (?). A man who wears an apron; a laboring man; a mechanic. [Obs.] Shak. A¶pron string· (?). The string of an apron. To be tied to a wife's or mother's apron strings, to be unduly controlled by a wife or mother. He was so made that he could not submit to be tied to the apron strings even of the best of wives. Macaulay.

Ap¶roÏsos· (?), a. & adv. [F. ? propos; ? (L. ad) + propos purpose, L. proposium plan, purpose, fr. proponere to propose. See Propound.] 1. Opportunely or opportune; seasonably or seasonable. A tale extremely apropos. Pope. 2. By the way; to the purpose; suitably to the place or subject; Ð a word used to introduce an incidental observation, suited to the occasion? though not strictly belonging to the narration. Apse (?), n. pl. Apses (?). See Apsis.] 1. (Arch.) (a) A projecting part of a building, esp. of a church, having in the plan a polygonal or semicircular termination, and, most often, projecting from the east end. In early churches the Eastern ~ was occupied by seats for the bishop and clergy. Hence: (b) The bishop's seat or throne, in ancient churches. 2. A reliquary, or case in which the relics of saints were kept. µ This word is also written apsis and absis. Ap¶siÏdal (?), a. 1. (Astron.) Of or pertaining to the apsides of an orbit. 2. (Arch.) Of or pertaining to the apse of a church; as, the apsidal termination of the chancel. Ap¶siÏdes (?), n. pl. See Apsis. Ø Ap¶sis (?), n. pl. Apsides (?). See Apse. [L. apsis, absis, Gr. ?, ?, a tying, fastening, the hoop of a wheel, the wheel, a bow, arch, vault, fr. ? to fasten.] 1. (Astron.) One of the two points of an orbit, as of a planet or satellite, which are at the greatest and least distance from the central body, corresponding to the aphelion and perihelion of a planet, or to the apogee and perigee of the moon. The more distant is called the higher apsis; the other, the lower apsis; and the line joining them, the line of apsides. 2. (Math.) In a curve referred to polar co”rdinates, any point for which the radius vector is a maximum or minimum. 3. (Arch.) Same as Apse. Apt (?), a [F. apte, L. aptus, fr. obsolete apere to fasten, to join, to fit, akin to apisci to reach, attain: cf. Gr. ? to fasten, Skr. ¾pta fit, fr. ¾p to reach attain.] 1. Fit or fitted; suited; suitable; appropriate. They have always apt instruments. Burke. A river... apt to be forded by a lamb. Jer. Taylor. 2. Having an habitual tendency; habitually liable or likely; Ð used of things. My vines and peaches... were apt to have a soot or smuttiness upon their leaves and fruit. Temple. This tree, if unprotected, is apt to be stripped of the leaves by a leafÐcutting ant. Lubbock. 3. Inclined; disposed customarily; given; ready; Ð used of persons. Apter to give than thou wit be to ask. Beau. & Fl. That lofty pity with which prosperous folk are apt to remember their grandfathers. F. Harrison. 4. Ready; especially fitted or qualified (to do something); quick to learn; prompt; expert; as, a pupil apt to learn; an apt scholar. ½An apt wit.¸ Johnson. Live a thousand years, I shall not find myself so apt to die. Shak. I find thee apt... Now, Hamlet, hear. Shak. Syn. - Fit; meet; suitable; qualified; ???line?; disposed; liable; ready; quick; prompt. Apt, v. t. [L. aptare. See Aptate.] To fit; to suit; to adapt. [Obs.] ½To apt their places.¸ B. Jonson. That our speech be apted to edification. Jer. Taylor. Apt¶aÏble (?), a. [LL. aptabilis, fr. L. aptare.] Capable of being adapted. [Obs.] Sherwood. Ap¶tate (?), v. t. [L. aptatus, p. p. of aptare. See Apt.] To make fit. [Obs.] Bailey Ø Ap¶teÏra (?), n. pl. [NL. aptera, fr. Gr. ? without wings; ? priv. + ? wing, ? to fly.] (Zo”l.) Insects without wings, constituting the seventh Linn‘n order of insects, an artificial group, which included Crustacea, spiders, centipeds, and even worms. These animals are now placed in several distinct classes and orders. Ap¶terÏal (?), a. 1. (Zo”l.) Apterous. 2. (Arch.) Without lateral columns; Ð applied to buildings which have no series of columns along their sides, but are either prostyle or amphiprostyle, and opposed to peripteral. R. Cyc. Ap¶terÏan (?), n. (Zo”l.) One of the Aptera. Ø ApÏte¶riÏa (?), n. pl. [NL. See Aptera.] (Zo”l.) Naked spaces between the feathered areas of birds. See Pteryli‘. Ap¶terÏous (?), a. 1. (Zo”l.) Destitute of wings; apteral; as, apterous insects. 2. (Bot.) Destitute of winglike membranous expansions, as a stem or petiole; Ð opposed to atate. Ø ApÏter¶yÏges (?), n. pl. [NL. See Apteryx.] (Zo”l.) An order of birds, including the genus Apteryx. Ø Ap¶teÏryx (?), n. [Gr. ? priv. + ? wing. Cf. Aptera.] (Zo”l.) A genus of New Zealand birds about the size of a hen, with only short rudiments of wings, armed with a claw and without a tail; the kiwi. It is allied to the gigantic extinct moas of the same country Five species are known. Apt¶iÏtude (?), n. [F. aptitude, LL. aptitudo, fr. L. aptus. See Apt, and cf. Attitude.] 1. A natural or acquired disposition or capacity for a particular purpose, or tendency to a particular action or effect; as, oil has an aptitude to burn. He seems to have had a peculiar aptitude for the management of irregular troops. Macaulay. 2. A general fitness or suitableness; adaptation. That sociable and helpful aptitude which God implanted between man and woman. Milton. 3. Readiness in learning; docility; aptness. He was a boy of remarkable aptitude. Macaulay. Apt·iÏtu¶diÏnal (?), a. Suitable; fit. [Obs.] Apt¶ly (?), adv. In an apt or suitable manner; fitly; properly; pertinently; appropriately; readily. Apt¶ness, n. 1. Fitness; suitableness; appropriateness; as, the aptness of things to their end. The aptness of his quotations. J. R. Green. <-- p. 76 -->

2. Disposition of the mind; propensity; as, the aptness of men to follow example. 3. Quickness of apprehension; readiness in learning; d?cility; as, an aptness to learn is more observable in some children than in others. 4. Proneness; tendency; as, the aptness of iron to rust. Ap¶tote (?), n. [L. aptotum, Gr. ? indeclinable; ? priv. + ? fallen, declined, ? to fall.] (Gram.) A noun which has no distinction of cases; an indeclinable noun. ApÏtot¶ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, aptotes; uninflected; as, aptotic languages. Ø Ap¶tyÏchus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? priv. + ?, ?, fold.] (Zo”l.) A shelly plate found in the terminal chambers of ammonite shells. Some authors consider them to be jaws; others, opercula. Ø A¶pus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?. See Apode, n.] (Zo”l.) A genus of freshÐwater phyllopod crustaceans. See Phyllopod. Ap·yÏret¶ic (?), a. [Pref. a? not + pyretic.] (Med.) Without fever; Ð applied to days when there is an intermission of fever. Dunglison. Ø Ap·yÏrex¶iÏa (?), Ap·yÏrex·y (?), } n. [NL. apyrexia, fr. Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? to be feverish, fr. ? fire: cf. F. apyrexie.] (Med.) The absence of intermission of fever. Ap·yÏrex¶iÏal (?), a. (Med.) Relating to apyrexy. ½Apyrexial period.¸ Brande & C. Ap¶yÏrous (?), a. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? fire.] Incombustible; capable of sustaining a strong heat without alteration of form or properties. Ø A¶qua (?), n. [L. See Ewer.] Water; Ð a word much used in pharmacy and the old chemistry, in various signification, determined by the word or words annexed. ÷ ammoni‘, the aqueous solution of ammonia; liquid ammonia; often called aqua ammonia. Ð ÷ marine (?), or ÷ marina (?). Same as Aquamarine. Ð ÷ regia (?). [L., royal water] (Chem.), a very corrosive fuming yellow liquid consisting of nitric and hydrochloric acids. It has the power of dissolving gold, the ½royal¸ metal. Ð ÷ Tofana (?), a fluid containing arsenic, and used for secret poisoning, made by an Italian woman named Tofana, in the middle of the 17th century, who is said to have poisoned more than 600 persons. Francis. Ð ÷ vit‘ (?) [L., water of life. Cf. Eau de vie, Usquebaugh], a name given to brandy and some other ardent spirits. Shak. Ø A·qua for¶tis (?). [L., strong water.] (Chem.) Nitric acid. [Archaic] A·quaÏmaÏrine¶ (?), n. (Min.) A transparent, pale green variety of beryl, used as a gem. See Beryl. A·quaÏpunc¶ture (?), n. [L. aqua water, + punctura puncture, pungere, punctum, to, prick.] (Med.) The introduction of water subcutaneously for the relief of pain. Ø Aq·uaÏrelle¶ (?), n. [F., fr. Ital acquerello, fr. acqua water, L. aqua.] A design or painting in thin transparent water colors; also, the mode of painting in such colors. Aq·uaÏrel¶list (?), n. A painter in thin transparent water colors. AÏqua¶riÏal (?), AÏqua¶riÏan (?), } a. Of or performance to an aquarium. AÏqua¶riÏan, n. [L. (assumed) Aquarianus, fr. aqua: cf. F. Aquarien. See Aqua.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of Christian in the primitive church who used water instead of wine in the Lord's Supper. AÏqua¶riÏum (?), n.; pl. E. Aquariums (?), L. Aquaria (?). [L. See Aquarius, Ewer.] An artificial pond, or a globe or tank (usually with glass sides), in which living specimens of aquatic animals or plants are kept. Ø AÏqua¶riÏus (?), n. [L. aquarius, adj., relating to water, and n., a waterÐcarrier, fr. aqua. See Aqua.] (Astron.) (a) The WaterÐbearer; the eleventh sign in the zodiac, which the sun enters about the 20th of January; Ð so called from the rains which prevail at that season in Italy and the East. (b) A constellation south of Pegasus. AÏquat¶ic (?), a. [L. aquaticus: cf. F. aquatique. See Aqua.] Pertaining to water growing in water; living in, swimming in, or frequenting the margins of waters; as, aquatic plants and fowls. AÏquat·ic, n. 1. An ~ animal plant. 2. pl. Sports or exercises practiced in or on the water. AÏquat¶icÏal (?), a. Aquatic. [R.] Aq¶uaÏtile (?), a. [L. aquatilis: cf. F. aquatile.] Inhabiting the water. [R.] Sir T. Browne. A¶quaÏtint (?), A·quaÏtin¶ta (?), } n. [It. acquatinta dyed water; acqua (L. aqua) water + tinto, fem. tinta, dyed. See Tint.] A kind of etching in which spaces are bitten by the use of aqua fortis, by which an effect is produced resembling a drawing in water colors or India ink; also, the engraving produced by this method. Aq¶ueÏduct (?), n. [F. aqueduc, OF. aqueduct (Cotgr.), fr. L. aquaeductus; aquae, gen. of aqua water + ductus a leading, ducere to lead. See Aqua, Duke.] 1. A conductor, conduit, or artificial channel for conveying water, especially one for supplying large cities with water. µ The term is also applied to a structure (similar to the ancient aqueducts), for conveying a canal over a river or hollow; more properly called an aqueduct bridge. 2. (Anat.) A canal or passage; as, the aqueduct of Sylvius, a channel connecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain. AÏque¶iÏty (?), n. Wateriness. [Obs.] A¶queÏous (?), a. [Cf. F. aqueux, L. aquosus, fr. aqua. See Aqua, Aquose.] 1. Partaking of the nature of water, or abounding with it; watery. The aqueous vapor of the air. Tyndall. 2. Made from, or by means of, water. An aqueous deposit. Dana. ÷ extract, an extract obtained from a vegetable substance by steeping it in water. Ð ÷ humor (Anat.), one the humors of the eye; a limpid fluid, occupying the space between the crystalline lens and the cornea. (See Eye.) Ð ÷ rocks (Geol.), those which are deposited from water and lie in strata, as opposed to volcanic rocks, which are of igneous origin; Ð called also sedimentary rocks. A·queÏousÏness, n. Wateriness. AÏquif¶erÏous (?), a. [L. aqua water + Ïferous.] Consisting or conveying water or a watery fluid; as, aquiferous vessels; the aquiferous system. A¶quiÏform (?), a. [L. aqua water + Ïform.] Having the form of water. Ø Aq¶uiÏla (?), n; pl. Aquil‘ (?). [L., an eagle.] 1. (Zo”l.) A genus of eagles. 2. (Astron.) A northern constellation southerly from Lyra and Cygnus and preceding the Dolphin; the Eagle. ÷ alba [L., white eagle], an alchemical name of calomel. Brande & C. Aq¶uiÏla·ted (?), a. (Her.) Adorned with eagles' heads. Aq¶uiÏline (?; 277), a. [L. aquilinus, fr. aquila eagle: cf. F. aquilin. See Eagle. ] 1. Belonging to or like an eagle. 2. Curving; hooked; prominent, like the beak of an eagle; Ð applied particularly to the nose Terribly arched and aquiline his nose. Cowper. Aq¶uiÏlon (?), n. [L. aquilo, Ïlonis: cf. F. aquilon.] The north wind. [Obs.] Shak. AÏquip¶aÏrous (?), a. [L. aqua water + parere to bring forth.] (Med.) Secreting water; Ð applied to certain glands. Dunglison. Aq·uiÏta¶niÏan (?), a. Of or pertaining to Aquitania, now called Gascony. AÏquose¶ (?), a. [L. aquosus watery, fr. aqua. See Aqua, Aqueous.] Watery; aqueous. [R.] Bailey. AÏquos¶iÏty (?), n. [LL. aquositas.] The condition of being wet or watery; wateriness. Huxley. Very little water or aquosity is found in their belly. Holland. Ar (?), conj. Ere; before. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ø A¶ra (?), n. [L.] (Astron.) The Altar; a southern constellation, south of the tail of the Scorpion. Ø A¶ra (?), n. [Native Indian name.] (Zo”l.) A name of the great blue and yellow macaw (Ara ararauna), native of South America. Ar¶ab (?; 277), n. [Prob. ultimately fr. Heb. arabah a desert, the name employed, in the Old Testament, to denote the valley of the Jordan and Dead Sea. Ar. Arab, Heb. arabi, arbi, arbim: cf. F. Arabe, L. Arabs, Gr. ?.] One of a swarthy race occupying Arabia, and numerous in Syria, Northern Africa, etc. Street ÷, a homeless vagabond in the streets of a city, particularly and outcast boy or girl. Tylor. The ragged outcasts and street Arabs who are shivering in damp doorways. Lond. Sat. Rev. Ar·aÏbesque¶ (?), n. [F. arabesque, fr. It. arabesco, fr. Arabo Arab.] A style of ornamentation either painted, inlaid, or carved in low relief. It consists of a pattern in which plants, fruits, foliage, etc., as well as figures of men and animals, real or imaginary, are fantastically interlaced or put together. µ It was employed in Roman imperial ornamentation, and appeared, without the animal figures, in Moorish and Arabic decorative art. (See Moresque.) The arabesques of the Renaissance were founded on GrecoÐRoman work. Ar·aÏbesque¶, a. 1. Arabian. [Obs.] 2. Relating to, or exhibiting, the style of ornament called arabesque; as, arabesque frescoes. Ar·aÏbesqued¶ (?), a. Ornamented in the style of arabesques. AÏra¶biÏan (?), a. Of or pertaining to Arabia or its inhabitants. ÷ bird, the phenix. Shak. AÏra¶biÏan, n. A native of Arabia; an Arab. Ar¶aÏbic (?), a. [L. Arabicus, fr. Arabia.] Of or pertaining to Arabia or the Arabians. ÷ numerals or figures, the nine digits, 1, 2, 3, etc., and the cipher 0. Ð Gum ~. See under Gum. Ar¶aÏbic, n. The language of the Arabians. µ The Arabic is a Semitic language, allied to the Hebrew. It is very widely diffused, being the language in which all Mohammedans must read the Koran, and is spoken as a vernacular tongue in Arabia, Syria, and Northern Africa. AÏrab¶icÏal (?), a. Relating to Arabia; Arabic. Ð AÏrab¶icÏalÏly, adv. Ar¶aÏbin (?), n. 1. (Chem.) A carbohydrate, isomeric with cane sugar, contained in gum arabic, from which it is extracted as a white, amorphous substance. 2. Mucilage, especially that made of gum arabic. Ar¶aÏbinÏose· (?), n. (Chem.) A sugar of the composition C5H10O5, obtained from cherry gum by boiling it with dilute sulphuric acid. Ar¶aÏbism (?), n. [Cf. F. Arabisme.] An Arabic idiom peculiarly of language. Stuart. Ar·aÏbist (?), n. [Cf. F. Arabiste.] One well versed in the Arabic language or literature; also, formerly, one who followed the Arabic system of surgery. Ar¶aÏble (?), a. [F. arable, L. arabilis, fr. arare to plow, akin to Gr. ?, E. ear, to plow. See Earable.] Fit for plowing or tillage; Ð hence, often applied to land which has been plowed or tilled. Ar¶aÏble, n. ÷ land; plow land. Ar¶aÏby (?), n. The country of Arabia. [Archaic & Poetic] Ø Ar·aÏcaÏnese¶ (?), a. Of or pertaining to Aracan, a province of British Burmah. Ð n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of Aracan. Ø A·raÏ?a¶ri (?), n. (Zo”l.) A South American bird, of the genus Pleroglossius, allied to the toucans. There are several species. AÏrace¶ (?), v. t. [OE. aracen, arasen, OF. arachier, esracier, F. arracher, fr. L. exradicare, eradicare. The prefix aÏ is perh. due to L. ab. See Eradicate.] To tear up by the roots; to draw away. [Obs.] Wyatt. AÏra¶ceous (?), a. [L. arum a genus of plants, fr. Gr. ?.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to an order of plants, of which the genus Arum is the type. AÏrach¶nid (?), n. An arachnidan. Huxley. Ø AÏrach¶niÏda (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? spider.] (Zo”l.) One of the classes of Arthropoda. See Illustration in Appendix. µ They have four pairs of legs, no antenn‘ nor wings, a pair of mandibles, and one pair of maxill‘ or palpi. The head is usually consolidated with the thorax. The respiration is either by tranche‘ or by pulmonary sacs, or by both. The class includes three principal orders: Araneina, or spiders; Arthrogastra, including scorpions, etc.; and Acarina, or mites and ticks. AÏrach¶niÏdan (?), n. [Gr. ? spider.] (Zo”l.) One of the Arachnida. Ar·achÏnid¶iÏal (?), a. (Zo”l.) (a) Of or pertaining to the Arachnida. (b) Pertaining to the arachnidium. Ø Ar·achÏnid¶iÏum (?), n. [NL. See Arachnida.] (Zo”l.) The glandular organ in which the material for the web of spiders is secreted. Ø Ar·achÏni¶tis (?), n. [Gr. ? + ?.] (Med.) Inflammation of the arachnoid membrane. AÏrach¶noid (?), a. [Gr. ? like a cobweb; ? spider, spider's web + ? form.] 1. Resembling a spider's web; cobweblike. 2. (Anat.) Pertaining to a thin membrane of the brain and spinal cord, between the dura mater and pia mater. 3. (Bot.) Covered with, or composed of, soft, loose hairs or fibers, so as to resemble a cobweb; cobwebby. AÏrach¶noid, n. 1. (Anat.) The ~ membrane. 2. (Zo”l.) One of the Arachnoidea. Ar·achÏnoid¶al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the arachnoid membrane; arachnoid. Ø Ar·achÏnoid¶eÏa (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo”l.) Same as Arachnida. AÏrach·noÏlog¶icÏal (?), a. Of or pertaining to arachnology. Ar·achÏnol¶oÏgist (?), n. One who is versed in, or studies, arachnology. Ar·achÏnol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ? spider + Ïlogy.] The department of zo”logy which treats of spiders and other Arachnida. A·r‘Ïom¶eÏter (?; 277). See Areometer. AÏr‘¶oÏstyle (?), a. & n. [L. araeostylos, Gr. ?; ? at intervals + ? pillar, column.] (Arch.) See Intercolumniation. AÏr‘·oÏsys¶tyle (?), a. & n. [Gr. ? as intervals + ?. See Systyle.] (Arch.) See Intercolumniation. Ar·aÏgoÏnese (?), a. Of or pertaining to Aragon, in Spain, or to its inhabitants. Ð n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of Aragon, in Spain. AÏrag¶oÏnite (?), n. [From Aragon, in Spain.] (Min.) A mineral identical in composition with calcite or carbonate of lime, but differing from it in its crystalline form and some of its physical characters. Ø A·raÏgua¶to (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) A South American monkey, the ursine howler (Mycetes ursinus). See Howler, n., 2. AÏraise¶¶ (?), v. t. To raise. [Obs.] Shak. Ar¶ak (?), n. Same as Arrack. Ar·aÏm‘an, Ar·aÏme¶an } (?), a. [L. Aramaeus, Gr. ?, fr. Heb. Ar¾m, i. e. Highland, a name given to Syria and Mesopotamia.] Of or pertaining to the Syrians and Chaldeans, or to their language; Aramaic. Ð n. A native of Aram. Ar·aÏma¶ic (?), a. [See Aram‘an, a.] Pertaining to Aram, or to the territory, inhabitants, language, or literature of Syria and Mesopotamia; Aram‘an; Ð specifically applied to the northern branch of the Semitic family of languages, including Syriac and Chaldee. Ð n. The Aramaic language. Ar·aÏma¶ism (?), n. An idiom of the Aramaic. Ø Ar·aÏne¶iÏda (?), Ø Ar·aÏneÏoid¶eÏa (?), } n. pl. [NL.] (Zo”l.) See Araneina. Ar·aÏne¶iÏdan (?), a. (Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to the Araneina or spiders. Ð n. One of the Araneina; a spider. Ar·aÏne¶iÏform (?)(?) a. [L. aranea spider + Ïform.] (Zo”l.) Having the form of a spider. Kirby. Ø AÏra·neÏi¶na (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. aranea spider.] (Zo”l.) The order of Arachnida that includes the spiders. µ They have mandibles, modified a poison fa?gs, leglike palpi, simple eyes, abdomen without segments, and spinnerets for spinning a web. They breathe by pulmonary sacs and trache‘ in the abdomen. See Illustration in Appendix. AÏra¶neÏose· , a. [L. araneous.] Of the aspect of a spider's web; arachnoid. AÏra¶neÏous (?), a. [L. araneosus, fr. aranea spider, spider¶s web.] Cobweblike; extremely thin and delicate, like a cobweb; as, the araneous membrane of the eye. See Arachnoid. Derham.

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Ø AÏran¶go (?), n. pl. Arangoes (?). [The native name.] A bead of rough carnelian. Arangoes were formerly imported from Bombay for use in the African slave trade. M?Culloch. Ø A·raÏpai¶ma (?), n. [Prob. native name.] (Zo”l.) A large freshÐwater food fish of South America. Ø AÏra¶ra (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) The palm (or great black) cockatoo, of Australia (Microglossus aterrimus). AÏra¶tion (?), n. [L. aratio, fr. arare to plow.] Plowing; tillage. [R.] Lands are said to be in a state of aration when they are under tillage. Brande. Ar¶aÏtoÏry (?), a. [LL. aratorius: cf. F. aratoire.] Contributing to tillage. Ø Ar·auÏca¶riÏa (?), n. [Araucania, a territory south of Chili.] (Bot.) A genus of tall conifers of the pine family. The species are confined mostly to South America and Australia. ?he wood cells differ from those of other in having the dots in their lateral surfaces in two or three rows, and the dots of contiguous rows alternating. The seeds are edible. Ar·auÏca¶riÏan (?), a. Relating to, or of the nature of, the Araucaria. The earliest conifers in geological history were mostly ÷. Dana. Ar¶baÏlest (?), Ar¶baÏlist (?), } n. [OF. arbaleste, LL. arbalista, for L. arcuballista; arcus bow + ballista a military engine. See Ballista.] (Antiq.) A crossbow, consisting of a steel bow set in a shaft of wood, furnished with a string and a trigger, and a mechanical device for bending the bow. It served to throw arrows, darts, bullets, etc. [Written also arbalet and arblast.] Fosbroke. Ar¶baÏlest·er (?), Ar¶baÏlist·er (?), } n. [OF. arblastere, OF. arbalestier. See Arbalest.] A crossbowman. [Obs.] Speed. Ar¶biÏter (?), n. [L. arbiter; arÏ (for ad) + the root of betere to go; hence properly, one who comes up to look on.] 1. A person appointed, or chosen, by parties to determine a controversy between them. µ In modern usage, arbitrator is the technical word. 2. Any person who has the power of judging and determining, or ordaining, without control; one whose power of deciding and governing is not limited. For Jove is arbiter of both to man. Cowper. Syn. - Arbitrator; umpire; director; referee; controller; ruler; governor. Ar¶biÏter, v. t. To act as ~ between. [Obs.] Ar¶biÏtraÏble (?), a. [Cf. F. arbitrable, fr. L. arbitrari. See Arbitrate, v. t.] Capable of being decided by arbitration; determinable. [Archaic] Bp. Hall. Ar¶biÏtrage (?), n. [F., fr. arbiter to give judgment, L. arbitrari.] 1. Judgment by an arbiter; authoritative determination. [Archaic] 2. (Com) A traffic in bills of exchange (see Arbitration of Exchange); also, a traffic in stocks which bear differing values at the same time in different markets. Ar¶biÏtral (?), a. [L. arbitralis.] Of or relating to an arbiter or an arbitration. [R.] ArÏbit¶raÏment (?), n. [LL. arbitramentum.] 1. Determination; decision; arbitration. The arbitrament of time. Everett. Gladly at this moment would MacIvor have put their quarrel to personal arbitrament. Sir W. Scott. 2. The award of arbitrators. Cowell. Ar¶biÏtraÏriÏly (?), adv. In an arbitrary manner; by will only; despotically; absolutely. Ar¶biÏtraÏriÏness, n. The quality of being arbitrary; despoticalness; tyranny. Bp. Hall. Ar·biÏtra¶riÏous (?), a. [L. arbitrarius. See Arbitrary.] Arbitrary; despotic. [Obs.] Ð Ar·biÏtra¶ÏriÏousÏly, adv. [Obs.] Ar¶biÏtraÏry (?), a. [L. arbitrarius, fr. arbiter: cf. F. arbitraire. See Arbiter.] 1. Depending on will or discretion; not governed by any fixed rules; as, an arbitrary decision; an arbitrary punishment. It was wholly arbitrary in them to do so. Jer. Taylor. Rank pretends to fix the value of every one, and is the most arbitrary of all things. Landor. 2. Exercised according to one's own will or caprice, and therefore conveying a notion of a tendency to abuse the possession of power. Arbitrary power is most easily established on the ruins of liberty abused licentiousness. Washington. 3. Despotic; absolute in power; bound by no law; harsh and unforbearing; tyrannical; as, an arbitrary prince or government. Dryden.

÷ constant, ÷ function (Math.), a quantity of function that is introduced into the solution of a problem, and to which any value or form may at will be given, so that the solution may be made to meet special requirements. Ð ÷ quantity (Math.), one to which any value can be assigned at pleasure. Ar¶biÏtrate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arbitrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Arbitrating (?).] [L. arbitratus, p. p. of arbitrari to be a hearer or beholder of something, to make a decision, to give judgment, fr. arbiter. See Arbiter.] 1. To hear and decide, as arbitrators; as, to choose to arbitrate a disputed case. 2. To decide, or determine generally. South. There shall your swords and lances arbitrate The swelling difference of your settled hate. Shak. Ar¶biÏtrate (?), v. i. 1. To decide; to determine. Shak. 2. To act as arbitrator or judge; as, to arbitrate upon several reports;; to arbitrate in disputes among heighbors; to arbitrate between parties to a suit. Ar·biÏtra¶tion (?), n. [F. arbitration, L. arbitratio, fr. arbitrari.] The hearing and determination of a cause between parties in controversy, by a person or persons chosen by the parties. µ This may be done by one person; but it is usual to choose two or three called arbitrators; or for each party to choose one, and these to name a third, who is called the umpire. Their determination is called the award. Bouvier ÷ bond, a bond which obliges one to abide by the award of an ~. Ð ÷ of Exchange, the operation of converting the currency of one country into that of another, or determining the rate of exchange between such countries or currencies. An arbitrated rate is one determined by such ~ through the medium of one or more intervening currencies. Ar¶biÏtra·tor (?), n. [L., fr. arbitrari: cf. F. arbitrateur.] 1. A person, or one of two or more persons, chosen by parties who have a controversy, to determine their differences. See Arbitration. 2. One who has the power of deciding or prescribing without control; a ruler; a governor. Though Heaven be shut, And Heaven's high Arbitrators sit secure. Milton. Masters of their own terms and arbitrators of a peace. Addison. Syn. - Judge; umpire; referee; arbiter. See Judge. Ar¶biÏtra·trix (?), n. [L., fem. of arbitrator.] A female who arbitrates or judges. Ar¶biÏtress (?), n. [From Arbiter.] A female arbiter; an arbitratrix. Milton.

Ar¶blast (?), n. A crossbow. See Arbalest. Ar¶bor (?), n. [OE. herber, herbere, properly a garden of herbs, F. herbier, fr. L. herbarium. See Herb, and cf. Herbarium.] A kind of latticework formed of, or covered with, vines, branches of trees, or other plants, for shade; a bower. Sir P. Sidney. Ar¶bor, n. [Written also arbour.] [L., a tree, a beam.] 1. (Bot.) A tree, as distinguished from a shrub. 2. [Cf. F. arbre.] (Mech.) (a) An axle or spindle of a wheel or opinion. (b) A mandrel in lathe turning. Knight. ÷ Day, a day appointed for planting trees and shrubs. [U.S.] Ar¶boÏraÏry (?), a. [L. arborarius, fr. arbor tree.] Of or pertaining to trees; arboreal. Ar¶boÏra·tor (?), n. [L., fr. arbor tree.] One who plants or who prunes trees. [Obs.] Evelyn. Ø Ar¶bor DiÏa¶n‘ (?). [L., the tree of Diana, or silver.] (Chem.) A precipitation of silver, in a beautiful arborescent form. ArÏbo¶reÏal (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a tree, or to trees; of nature of trees. Cowley. 2. Attached to, found in or upon, or frequenting, woods or trees; as, arboreal animals. Woodpeckers are eminently arboreal. Darwin. Ar¶bored (?), a. Furnished with an arbor; lined with trees. ½An arboreal walk.¸ Pollok. ArÏbo¶reÏous (?), a. [L. arboreous, fr. arbor tree.] 1. Having the form, constitution, or habits, of a proper tree, in distinction from a shrub. Loudon. 2. Pertaining to, or growing on, trees; as, arboreous moss. Quincy. Ar·boÏres¶cence (?), n. The state of being arborescent; the resemblance to a tree in minerals, or crystallizations, or groups of crystals in that form; as, the arborescence produced by precipitating silver. Ar·boÏres¶cent (?), a. [L. arborescens, p. pr. of arborescere to become a tree, fr. arbor tree.] Resembling a tree; becoming woody in stalk; dendritic; having crystallizations disposed like the branches and twigs of a tree. ½Arborescent hollyhocks.¸ Evelyn. Ar¶boÏret (?), n. [OF. arboret, dim. of arbre tree, L. arbor] A small tree or shrub. [Obs.] Spenser. Among thickÐwoven arborets, and flowers Imbordered on each bank. Milton. Ø Ar·boÏre¶tum (?), n.; pl. Arboreta (?). [L., a place grown with trees.] A place in which a collection of rare trees and shrubs is cultivated for scientific or educational purposes. ArÏbor¶icÏal (?), a. Relating to trees. [Obs.] ArÏbor¶iÏcole (?), a. [L. arbor + colere to inhabit.] (Zo”l.) TreeÐinhabiting; Ð said of certain birds. Ar·borÏiÏcul¶turÏal (?), a. Pertaining to arboriculture. Loudon. Ar·borÏiÏcul¶ture (?; 135), n. [L. arbor tree + cultura. See Culture.] The cultivation of trees and shrubs, chiefly for timber or for ornamental purposes. Ar·borÏiÏcul¶turÏist, n. One who cultivates trees. ArÏbor¶iÏform (?), a. Treelike in shape. Ar¶borÏist (?), n. [F. arboriste, fr. L. arbor tree.] One who makes trees his study, or who is versed in the knowledge of trees. Howell. Ar·borÏiÏza¶tion (?), n. [Cf. F. arborisation, fr. L. arbor tree.] The appearance or figure of a tree or plant, as in minerals or fossils; a dendrite. Ar¶borÏized (?), a. Having a treelike appearance. ½An arborized or moss agate.¸ Wright. Ar¶borÏous (?), a. Formed by trees. [Obs.] From under shady, arborous roof. Milton. Ar¶bor vine· (?). A species of bindweed. Ø Ar¶bor vi¶t‘ (?). [L., tree of life.] 1. (Bot.) An evergreen tree of the cypress tribe, genus Thuja. The American species is the T. occidentalis. 2. (Anat.) The treelike disposition of the gray and white nerve tissues in the cerebellum, as seen in a vertical section. Ar¶busÏcle (?), n. [L. arbuscula small tree, shrub, dim. of arbor tree.] A dwarf tree, one in size between a shrub and a tree; a treelike shrub. Bradley. ArÏbus¶cuÏlar (?), a. Of or pertaining to a dwarf tree; shrublike. Da Costa. ArÏbus¶tive (?), a. [L. arbustivus, fr. arbustum place where trees are planted.] Containing copses of trees or shrubs; covered with shrubs. Bartram. Ar¶buÏtus (?), Ar¶bute (?), } n. [L. arbutus, akin to arbor tree.] The strawberry tree, a genus of evergreen shrubs, of the Heath family. It has a berry externally resembling the strawberry; the arbute tree. Trailing arbutus (Bot.), a creeping or trailing plant of the Heath family (Epig‘a repens), having white or usually roseÐcolored flowers with a delicate fragrance, growing in small axillary clusters, and appearing early in the spring; in New England known as mayflower; Ð called also ground laurel. Gray. Arc (?), n. [F. arc, L. arcus bow, ~. See Arch, n.] 1. (Geom.) A portion of a curved line; as, the arc of a circle or of an ellipse. 2. A curvature in the shape of a circular ~ or an arch; as, the colored arc (the rainbow); the arc of Hadley's quadrant. 3. An arch. [Obs.] Statues and trophies, and triumphal arcs. Milton. 4. The apparent ~ described, above or below the horizon, by the sun or other celestial body. The diurnal arc is described during the daytime, the nocturnal arc during the night. Electric ~, Voltaic ~. See under Voltaic. ArÏcade¶ (?), n. [F. arcade, Sp. arcada, LL. arcata, fr. L. arcus bow, arch.] 1. (Arch.) (a) A series of arches with the columns or piers which support them, the spandrels above, and other necessary appurtenances; sometimes open, serving as an entrance or to give light; sometimes closed at the back (as in the cut) and forming a decorative feature. (b) A long, arched building or gallery. 2. An arched or covered passageway or avenue. ArÏcad¶ed (?), a. Furnished with an arcade. ArÏca¶diÏa (?), n. [L. Arcadia, Gr. ?.] 1. A mountainous and picturesque district of Greece, in the heart of the Peloponnesus, whose people were distinguished for contentment and rural happiness. 2. Fig.: Any region or scene of simple pleasure and untroubled quiet. Where the cow is, there is Arcadia. J. Burroughs. ArÏca¶diÏan (?), ArÏca¶dic (?), } a. [L. Arcadius, Arcadicus, fr. Arcadia: cf. F. Arcadien, Arcadique.] Of or pertaining to Arcadia; pastoral; ideally rural; as, Arcadian simplicity or scenery. ArÏcane¶ (?), a. [L. arcanus.] Hidden; secret. [Obs.] ½The arcane part of divine wisdom.¸ Berkeley. Ø ArÏca¶num (?), n.; pl. Arcana (?). [L., fr. arcanus closed, secret, fr. arca chest, box, fr. arcere to inclose. See Ark.] 1. A secret; a mystery; Ð generally used in the plural. Inquiries into the arcana of the Godhead. Warburton. 2. (Med.) A secret remedy; an elixir. Dunglison. Ø Arc·Ïbou·tant¶ (?), n. [F.] (Arch.) A flying buttress. Gwilt. Arch (?), n. [F. arche, fr. LL. arca, for arcus. See Arc.] 1. (Geom.) Any part of a curved line. 2. (Arch.) (a) Usually a curved member made up of separate wedgeÐshaped solids, with the joints between them disposed in the direction of the radii of the curve; used to support the wall or other weight above an opening. In this sense arches are segmental, round (i. e., semicircular), or pointed. (b) A flat arch is a member constructed of stones cut into wedges or other shapes so as to support each other without rising a curve. µ Scientifically considered, the ~ is a means of spanning an opening by resolving vertical pressure into horizontal or diagonal thrust. 3. Any place covered by an ~; an archway; as, to pass into the arch of a bridge. 4. Any curvature in the form of an ~; as, the arch of the aorta. ½Colors of the showery arch.¸ Milton. Triumphal ~, a monumental structure resembling an arched gateway, with one or more passages, erected to commemorate a triumph. Arch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Arching.] 1. To cover with an ~ or arches. 2. To form or bend into the shape of an ~. The horse arched his neck. Charlesworth. Arch, v. i. To form into an arch; to curve.

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ArchÏ („rchÏ, except in archangel and one or two other words). [L. archÏ, Gr. ???. See ArchÏ.] A prefix signifying chief, as in archbuilder, archfiend. Arch (?), a. [See ArchÏ, pref.] 1. Chief; eminent; greatest ; principal. The most arch act of piteous massacre. Shak. 2. Cunning or sly; sportively mischievous; roguish; as, an arch look, word, lad. spoke his request with so arch a leer. Tatler. Arch, n. [See ArchÏ, pref.] A chief. [Obs.] My worthy arch and patron comes toÐnight. Shak. Ïarch (?). [Gr. ? chief, commander, ? to rule. See Arch, a.] A suffix meaning a ruler, as in monarch (a sole ruler). ArÏch‘¶an (?), a. [Gr. ? ancient, fr. ? beginning.] Ancient; pertaining to the earliest period in geological history. ArÏch‘¶an, n. (Geol.) The earliest period in geological period, extending up to the Lower Silurian. It includes an Azoic age, previous to the appearance of life, and an Eozoic age, including the earliest forms of life. µ This is equivalent to the formerly accepted term Azoic, and to the Eozoic of Dawson. Ar·ch‘Ïog¶raÏphy (?), n. [Gr. ? ancient + Ïgraphy.] A description of, or a treatise on, antiquity or antiquities. Ar·ch‘ÏoÏlith¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? ancient + ? pertaining to a stone.] (Arch‘ol.) Of or pertaining to the earliest Stone age; Ð applied to a prehistoric period preceding the Paleolithic age. Ar·ch‘ÏoÏlo¶giÏan (?), n. An arch‘ologist. Ar·ch‘ÏoÏlog¶ic (?), Ar·ch‘ÏoÏlog¶icÏal (?), } Relating to arch‘ology, or antiquities; as, arch‘ological researches. Ð Ar·Ïch‘ÏoÏlog¶icÏalÏly, adv. Ar·ch‘Ïol¶oÏgist (?), n. One versed in arch‘ology; an antiquary. Wright. Ar·ch‘Ïol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ?; ? ancient (fr. ? beginning) + ? discourse, ? to speak.] The science or study of antiquities, esp. prehistoric antiquities, such as the remains of buildings or monuments of an early epoch, inscriptions, implements, and other relics, written manuscripts, etc. Ø Ar·ch‘Ïop¶teÏryx (?), n. [Gr. ? ancient + ? wing.] (Paleon.) A fossil bird, of the Jurassic period, remarkable for having a long tapering tail of many vertebr‘ with feathers along each side, and jaws armed with teeth, with other reptilian characteristics. Ar·ch‘ÏoÏstom¶aÏtous (?), a. [Gr. ? ancient + ? mouth.] (Biol.) Applied to a gastrula when the blastorope does not entirely up. Ar·ch‘ÏoÏzo¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? ancient + ? animal.] (Zo”l.) Like or belonging to the earliest forms of animal life. ArÏcha¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? oldÐfashioned, fr. ? ancient.] Of or characterized by antiquity or archaism; antiquated; obsolescent. ArÏcha¶icÏal (?), a. Archaic. [R.] Ð ArÏcha¶icÏalÏly, adv. Ar¶chaÏism (?), n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? ancient, fr. ? beginning: cf. F. archa‹sme. See Arch, a.] 1. An ancient, antiquated, or oldÐfashioned, word, expression, or idiom; a word or form of speech no longer in common use. 2. Antiquity of style or use; obsoleteness. A select vocabulary corresponding (in point of archaism and remoteness from ordinary use) to our Scriptural vocabulary. De Quincey. Ar¶chaÏist, n. 1. Am antiquary. 2. One who uses archaisms. Ar·chaÏis¶tic (?), a. Like, or imitative of, anything archaic; pertaining to an archaism. Ar¶chaÏize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Archaized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Archaizing.] [Gr. ?.] To make appear archaic or antique. Mahaffy. Arch·an¶gel (?), n. [L. archangelus, Gr. ?: cf. OF. archangel, F. archange. See ArchÏ, pref., and Angel.] 1. A chief angel; one high in the celestial hierarchy. Milton. 2. (Bot.) A term applied to several different species of plants (Angelica archangelica, Lamium album, etc.). Arch·anÏgel¶ic (?), a. [Cf. F. archang‚lique.] Of or pertaining to archangels; of the nature of, or resembling, an archangel. Milton.

Arch·bish¶op (?), n. [AS. arcebisceop, arcebiscop, L. archiepiscopus, fr. Gr. ?. See Bishop.] A chief bishop; a church dignitary of the first class (often called a metropolitan or primate) who superintends the conduct of the suffragan bishops in his province, and also exercises episcopal authority in his own diocese. Arch·bish¶opÏric (?), n. [AS. arcebiscoprÆce. See Ïric.] The jurisdiction or office of an archbishop; the see or province over which archbishop exercises archiepiscopal authority. Arch¶ brick· (?). A wedgeÐshaped brick used in the building of an arch. Arch·but¶ler (?), n. [Pref. archÏ + butler.] A chief butler; Ð an officer of the German empire. Arch·cham¶berÏlain (?), n. [Cf. G. erzk„mmerer. See ArchÏ, pref.] A chief chamberlain; Ð an officer of the old German empire, whose office was similar to that of the great chamberlain in England. Arch·chan¶celÏlor (?), n. [Cf. Ger. erzkanzler. See ArchÏ, pref.] A chief chancellor; Ð an officer in the old German empire, who presided over the secretaries of the court. Arch·chem¶ic (?), a. Of supreme chemical powers. [R.] ½The archchemic sun.¸ Milton.

Arch·dea¶con (?), n. [AS. arcediacon, archidiacon, L. archidiaconus, fr. Gr. ?. See ArchÏ, pref., and Deacon.] In England, an ecclesiastical dignitary, next in rank below a bishop, whom he assists, and by whom he is appointed, though with independent authority. Blackstone. Arch·dea¶conÏry, n. The district, office, or residence of an archdeacon. See Benefice. Every diocese is divided into archdeaconries. Blackstone. Arch·dea¶conÏship, n. The office of an archdeacon. Arch·di¶oÏcese (?), n. [Pref. archÏ + diocese.] The diocese of an archbishop. Arch·du¶cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to an archduke or archduchy. Arch·duch¶ess (?), n. [Pref. archÏ + duchess.] The consort of an archduke; also, a princess of the imperial family of Austria. See Archduke. Arch·duch¶y, n. The territory of an archduke or archduchess. Ash. Arch·duke¶ (?), n. [Pref. archÏ + duke.] A prince of the imperial family of Austria. µ Formerly this title was assumed by the rulers of Lorraine, Brabant, Austria, etc. It is now appropriated to the descendants of the imperial family of Austria through the make line, all such male descendants being styled archduke, and all such female descendants archduchesses. Arch·duke¶dom (?), n. An archduchy. Ø Ar·cheÏbiÏo¶sis (?), n. [Pref. archeÏ ? archiÏ + Gr. ?, ?, life.] To origination of living matter from nonÐliving. See Abiogenesis. Bastian. Arched (?), a. Made with an arch or curve; covered with an arch; as, an arched door. Ar·cheÏgo¶niÏal (?), a. Relating to the archegonium. Ø Ar·cheÏgo¶niÏum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? the first of a race.] (Bot.) The pistillidium or female organ in the higher cryptogamic plants, corresponding to the pistil in flowering plants. ArÏcheg¶oÏny (?), n. [See Archegonium.] (Biol.) Spontaneous generation; abiogenesis. ArÏchel¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ? an element or first principle + Ïlogy.] The science of, or a treatise on, first principles. Fleming. Ø Ar·chenÏceph¶aÏla (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. pref. ? + ? the brain.] (Zo”l.) The division that includes man alone. R. Owen. Arch·en¶eÏmy (?), n. [Pref. archÏ = enemy.] A principal enemy. Specifically, Satan, the grand adversary of mankind. Milton. Arch·enÏter¶ic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating ? the archenteron; as, archenteric invagination. Ø Arch·en¶terÏon , n. [Pref. archÏ + Gr. ? intestine.] (Biol.) The primitive enteron or undifferentiated digestive sac of a gastrula or other embryo. See Illust. under Invagination. Ar·cheÏol¶oÏgy (?), n., Ar·cheÏoÏlog·icÏal (?), a. Same as Arch‘ology, etc. Arch¶er (?), n. [OF. archier, F. archer, LL. arcarius, fr. L. arcus bow. See Arc, Arch, n.] A bowman, one skilled in the use of the bow and arrow. Arch¶erÏess (?), n. A female archer. Markham. Arch¶er fish· (?). (Zo”l.) A small fish (Toxotes jaculator), of the East Indies; Ð so called from ?? ejecting drops of water from its mouth at its prey. The name is also applied to Ch‘todon rostratus. Arch¶erÏship, n. The art or skill of an archer. Arch¶erÏy (?), n. [OE. archerie.] 1. The use of the bow and arrows in battle, hunting, etc.; the art, practice, or skill of shooting with a bow and arrows. 2. Archers, or bowmen, collectively. Let all our archery fall off In wings of shot aÐboth sides of the van. Webster (1607). Arch¶es (?), pl. of Arch, n. Court of ÷, or ÷ Court (Eng. Law), the court of appeal of the Archbishop of Canterbury, whereof the judge, who sits as deputy to the archbishop, is called the Dean of the Arches, because he anciently held his court in the church of St. MaryÐleÐBow (de arcubus). It is now held in Westminster. Mozley & W. Ar¶cheÏty·pal (?), a. Of or pertaining to an archetype; consisting a model (real or ideal) or pattern; original. ½One archetypal mind.¸ Gudworth. µ Among Platonists, the archetypal world is the world as it existed as an idea of God before the creation. Ar¶cheÏty·palÏly, adv. With reference to the archetype; originally. ½Parts archetypally distinct.½ Dana. Ar¶cheÏtype (?), n. [L. archetypum, Gr. ?, fr. ? stamped first and as model; ? ? + ? stamp, figure, pattern, ? to strike: cf. F. arch‚type. See ArchÏ, pref.] 1. The original pattern or model of a work; or the model from which a thing is made or formed. The House of Commons, the archetype of all the representative assemblies which now meet. Macaulay. Types and shadows of that glorious archetype that was to come into the world. South. 2. (Coinage) The standard weight or coin by which others are adjusted. 3. (Biol.) The plan or fundamental structure on which a natural group of animals or plants or their systems of organs are assumed to have been constructed; as, the vertebrate archetype. Ar·cheÏtyp¶icÏal (?), a. Relating to an archetype; archetypal. Ø ArÏche¶us (?), n. [LL. arch?us, Gr. ? ancient, primeval, fr. ? beginning. See ArchiÏ, pref.] The vital principle or force which (according to the Paracelsians) presides over the growth and continuation of living beings; the anima mundi or plastic power of the old philosophers. [Obs.] Johnson. Ar¶chiÏ (?). [L., archiÏ, Gr. ?, a prefix which is from the same root as ? to be first, to begin; ? the first place, beginning; ? chief. Cf. AS. arceÏ, erceÏ, OHG. erziÏ.] A prefix signifying chief, arch; as, architect, archiepiscopal. In Biol. and Anat. it usually means primitive, original, ancestral; as, archipterygium, the primitive fin or wing. Ø Ar·chiÏanÏnel¶iÏda (?), n. pl. [NL.; pref. archiÏ + annelida.] (Zo”l.) A group of Annelida remarkable for having no external segments or distinct ventral nerve ganglions. Ar¶chiÏa·ter (?), n. [L. archiatrus, Gr. ?; pref. ? + ? physician, ? to heal.] Chief physician; Ð a term applied, on the continent of Europe, to the first or body physician of princes and to the first physician of some cities. P. Cyc. Ø Ar·chiÏblas¶tuÏla (?), n. [Pref. archi + blastula.] (Biol.) A hollow blastula, supposed to be the primitive form; a c?loblastula. Ar¶chiÏcal (?), a. [Gr. ? able to govern, fr. ? beginning, government. See ArchÏ, pref.] Chief; primary; primordi?.] [Obs.] Cudworth. Ar·chiÏdiÏac¶oÏnal (?), a. [L. archidiaconus, Gr. ?, equiv. to E. archdeacon.] Of or pertaining to an archdeacon. This offense is liable to be censured in an archidiaconal visitation. Johnson. Ar·chiÏeÏpis¶coÏpaÏcy (?), n. [Pref. archiÏ + episcopacy.] 1. That form of episcopacy in which the chief power is in the hands of archbishops. 2. The state or dignity of an archbishop. Ar·chiÏeÏpis¶coÏpal (?), a. [Pref. archiÏ + episcopal.] Of or pertaining to an archbishop; as, Canterbury is an archiepiscopal see. Ar·chiÏeÏpis·coÏpal¶iÏty (?), n. The station or dignity of an archbishop; archiepiscopacy. Fuller. Ar·chiÏeÏpis¶coÏpate (?), n. [Pref. archiÏ + episcopate.] The office of an archbishop; an archbishopric. Ø ArÏchi¶eÏrey (?), n. [Russ. archier‚i, fr. Gr. ?; pref. ? (E. archÏ) + µ priest.] The higher order of clergy in Russia, including metropolitans, archbishops, and bishops. Pinkerton. Ar¶chil (?; 277), n. [OF. orchel, orcheil, It. orcella, oricello, or OSp. orchillo. Cf. Orchil.] 1. A viole?dye obtained from several species of lichen (Roccella tinctoria, etc.), which grow on maritime rocks in the Canary and Cape Verd Islands, etc. Tomlinson. 2. The plant from which the dye is obtained. [Written also orchal and orchil.] Ar·chiÏlo¶chiÏan (?), a. [L. Archilochius.] Of or pertaining to the satiric Greek poet Archilochus; as, Archilochian meter. Ar¶chiÏmage (?), Ø Ar·chiÏma¶gus (?), } n. [NL.; pref. archiÏ + L. magus, Gr. ?, a Magian.] 1. The high priest of the Persian Magi, or worshipers of fire. 2. A great magician, wizard, or enchanter. Spenser. Ar·chiÏman¶drite (?), n. [L. archimandrita, LGr. ?; pref. ? (E. archÏ) + ? an inclosed space, esp. for cattle, a fold, a monastery.] (Gr. Church) (a) A chief of a monastery, corresponding to abbot in the Roman Catholic church. (b) A superintendent of several monasteries, corresponding to superior abbot, or father provincial, in the Roman Catholic church. Ar·chiÏmeÏde¶an (?), a. [L. Archimedeus.] Of or pertaining to Archimedes, a celebrated Greek philosopher; constructed on the principle of Archimedes' screw; as, Archimedean drill, propeller, etc. ÷ screw, or Archimedes' screw, an instrument, said to have been invented by Archimedes, for raising water, formed by winding a flexible tube round a cylinder in the form of a screw. When the screw is placed in an inclined position, and the lower end immersed in water, by causing the screw to revolve, the water is raised to the upper end. Francis. Ø Ar·chiÏme¶des (?), n. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of Bryzoa characteristic of the subcarboniferous rocks. Its form is that of a screw. Arch¶ing (?), n. 1. The arched part of a structure. 2. (Naut.) Hogging; Ð opposed to sagging. Ar·chiÏpeÏlag¶ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to an archipelago. Ar·chiÏpel¶aÏgo , n.; pl. Ïgoes or Ïgos (?). [It. arcipelago, properly, chief sea; Gr. pref ? + ? sea, perh. akin to ? blow, and expressing the beating of the waves. See Plague.] 1. The Grecian Archipelago, or ’gean Sea, separating Greece from Asia Minor. It is studded with a vast number of small islands. 2. Hence: Any sea or broad sheet of water interspersed with many islands or with a group of islands.

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Ø ArÏchip·teÏryg¶iÏum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pref. ? (E. archÏ) + ? wing, fin.] (Anat.) The primitive form of fin, like that of Ceratodus. Ar¶chiÏtect (?), n. [L. architectus, architecton, Gr. ? chief artificer, master builder; pref. ? (E. archiÏ) + ? workman, akin to ? art, skill, ? to produce: cf. F. architecte, It. architetto. See Technical.] 1. A person skilled in the art of building; one who understands architecture, or makes it his occupation to form plans and designs of buildings, and to superintend the artificers employed. 2. A contriver, designer, or maker. The architects of their own happiness. Milton. A French woman is a perfect architect in dress. Coldsmith. Ar·chiÏtec¶tive (?), a. Used in building; proper for building. Derham. Ar·chiÏtecÏton¶ic (?), Ar·chiÏtecÏton¶icÏal (?), } a. [L. architectonicus, Gr. ?. See Architect.] 1. Pertaining to a master builder, or to architecture; evincing skill in designing or construction; constructive. ½Architectonic wisdom.¸ Boyle. These architectonic functions which we had hitherto thought belonged. J. C. Shairp. 2. Relating to the systemizing of knowledge. Ar·chiÏtecÏton¶ic, n. [Cf. F. architectonique.] 1. The science of architecture. 2. The act of arranging knowledge into a system. Ar·chiÏtecÏton¶ics, n. The science of architecture. Ar¶chiÏtec·tor (?), n. An architect. [Obs.] North. Ar¶chiÏtec·tress (?), n. A female architect. Ar·chiÏtec¶turÏal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the art of building; conformed to the rules of architecture. Ð Ar·chiÏtec¶turÏalÏly, adv. Ar¶chiÏtec·ture (?; 135), n. [L. architectura, fr. architectus: cf. F. architecture. See Architect.] 1. The art or science of building; especially, the art of building houses, churches, bridges, and other structures, for the purposes of civil life; Ð often called civil architecture. 2. A method or style of building, characterized by certain peculiarities of structure, ornamentation, etc. Many other architectures besides Gothic. Ruskin. 3. Construction, in a more general sense; frame or structure; workmanship. The architecture of grasses, plants, and trees. Tyndall. The formation of the first earth being a piece of divine architecture. Burnet. Military ~, the art of fortifications. Ð Naval ~, the art of building ships. Ø Ar·chiÏteu¶this (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pref. ? + ?, ?, a kind of squid.] (Zo”l.) A genus of gigantic cephalopods, allied to the squids, found esp. in the North Atlantic and about New Zealand. Ar¶chiÏtrave (?), n. [F. architrave, fr. It. architrave; pref. archiÏ + trave beam, L. trabs.] (Arch.) (a) The lower division of an entablature, or that part which rests immediately on the column, esp. in classical architecture. See Column. (b) The group of moldings, or other architectural member, above and on both sides of a door or other opening, especially if square in form. Ar¶chiÏtraved (?), a. Furnished with an architrave. Cowper. Ar¶chiÏval (?), a. Pertaining to, or contained in, archives or records. Tooke. Ar¶chive (?), n. ; pl. Archives (?). [F. archives, pl., L. archivum, archium, fr. Gr. ? government house, ? ? archives, fr. ? the first place, government. See ArchiÏ, pref.] 1. pl. The place in which public records or historic documents are kept. Our words.... become records in God's court, and are ?aid up in his archives as witnesses. Gov. of Tongue. 2. pl. Public records or documents preserved as evidence of facts; as, the archives of a country or family. [Rarely used in sing.] Some rotten archive, rummaged out of some seldom explored press. Lamb. Syn. - Registers; records; chronicles. Ar¶chiÏvist (?), n. [F. archiviste.] A keeper of archives or records. [R.] Ar¶chiÏvolt (?), n. [F. archivolte, fr. It. archivolto; pref. archiÏ + volto vault, arch. See Vault.] (Arch.) (a) The architectural member surrounding the curved opening of an arch, corresponding to the architrave in the case of a square opening. (b) More commonly, the molding or other ornaments with which the wall face of the voussoirs of an arch is charged. Arch¶lute (?), Arch¶iÏlute (?), } n. [Cf. F. archiluth, It. arciliuto.] (Mus.) A large theorbo, or doubleÐnecked lute, formerly in use, having the bass strings doubled with an octave, and the higher strings with a unison. Arch¶ly (?), adv. In an arch manner; with attractive slyness or roguishness; slyly; waggishly. Archly the maiden smiled. Longfellow. Arch·mar¶shal (?), n. [G. erzmarschall. See ArchÏ, pref.] The grand marshal of the old German empire, a dignity that to the Elector of Saxony. Arch¶ness, n. The quality of being arch; cleverness; sly humor free from malice; waggishness. Goldsmith. Ar¶chon (?), n. [L. archon, Gr. ?, ?, ruler, chief magistrate, p. pr. of ? to be first, to rule.] (Antiq.) One of the chief magistrates in ancient Athens, especially, by pre‰minence, the first of the nine chief magistrates. Ð ArÏchon¶tic (?), a. Ar¶chonÏship, n. The office of an archon. Mitford. Ar¶chonÏtate (?), n. [Cf. F. archontat.] An archon's term of office. Gibbon. Ar¶chonts (?), n. pl. [Gr. ?, p. pr. See Archon.] (Zo”l.) The group including man alone. Arch·prel¶ate (?), n. [Pref. archÏ + prelate.] An archbishop or other chief prelate. Arch·pres¶byÏter (?), n. Same as Archpriest. Arch·pres¶byÏterÏy (?), n. [Pref. archÏ + presbutery.] The absolute dominion of presbytery. Milton. Arch·priest¶ (?), n. A chief priest; also, a kind of vicar, or a rural dean. Arch·pri¶mate (?), n. [Pref. archÏ + primate.] The chief primate. Milton. Arch¶ stone· (?). A wedgeÐshaped stone used in an arch; a voussoir. Arch·trai¶tor (?), n. [Pref. archÏ + traitor.] A chief or transcendent traitor. I. Watts. Arch·treas¶urÏer (?; 135), n. [Pref. archÏ + treasurer.] A chief treasurer. Specifically, the great treasurer of the German empire. Arch¶way (?), n. A way or passage under an arch. Arch·wife¶ (?), n. [Pref. archÏ + wife.] A big, masculine wife. [Obs.] Chaucer. Arch¶wise (?), adv. ArchÐshaped. Arch¶y (?), a. Arched; as, archy brows. Ïar¶chy (?). [Gr. ?, fr. ? chief. See ArchÏ, pref.] A suffix properly meaning a rule, ruling, as in monarchy, the rule of one only. Cf. Ïarch. Ar¶ciÏform (?), a. [L. arcus bow + Ïform.] Having the form of an arch; curved. Arc¶oÏgraph (?), n. [L. arcus (E. arc) + Ïgraph.] An instrument for drawing a circular arc without the use of a central point; a cyclograph. ArcÏta¶tion (?), n. [L. arctus shut in, narrow, p. p. of arcere to shut in: cf. F. arctation.] (Med.) Constriction or contraction of some natural passage, as in constipation from inflammation. Arc¶tic (?), a. [OE. artik, OF. artique, F. arctique, L. arcticus, fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? a bear, also a northern constellation so called; akin to L. ursus bear, Skr. ?ksha.] Pertaining to, or situated under, the northern constellation called the Bear; northern; frigid; as, the arctic pole, circle, region, ocean; an arctic expedition, night, temperature. µ The arctic circle is a lesser circle, parallel to the equator, 23o 28· from the north pole. This and the antarctic circle are called the polar circles, and between these and the poles lie the frigid zones. See Zone. Arc¶tic, n. 1. The arctic circle. 2. A warm waterproof overshoe. [U.S.] Ø ArcÏtis¶ca (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? bear.] (Zo”l.) A group of Arachnida. See Illust. in Appendix. Arc·toÏge¶al (?), a. [Gr. ? the north + ?, ?, country.] (Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to arctic lands; as, the arctogeal fauna. Ø ArcÏtoid¶eÏa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? bear + Ïoid.] (Zo”l.) A group of the Carnivora, that includes the bears, weasels, etc. ArcÏtu¶rus (?), n. [L. Arcturus, Gr. ? bearward, equiv. to ?; ? bear + ? ward, guard. See Arctic.] (Anat.) A fixed star of the first magnitude in the constellation Bo”tes. µ Arcturus has sometimes been incorrectly used as the name of the constellation, or even of Ursa Major. Canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons [Rev. Ver.: ½the Bear with her train¸]. Job xxxviii. 32. Arc¶uÏal (?), a. Of or pertaining to an arc. ÷ measure of an angle (Math.), that which the unit angle has its measuring arc equal to the radius of the circle. Arc¶uÏate (?), Arc¶uÏa·ted (?)(?), } a. [L. arcuatus, p. p. of arcuare to shape like a bow, fr. arcus. See Arc.] Bent or curved in the form of a bow. ½Arcuate stalks.¸ Gray. Arc¶uÏateÏly (?), adv. In the form of a bow. Arc·uÏa¶tion (?), n. [L. arcuatio.] 1. The act of bending or curving; incurvation; the state of being bent; crookedness. Coxe. 2. (Hort.) A mode of propagating trees by bending branches to the ground, and covering the small shoots with earth; layering. Chambers. Ar¶cuÏbaÏlist (?), n. [See Arbalist.] A crossbow. Fosbroke. Ar·cuÏbal¶istÏer (?), n. [L. arcuballistarius. Cf. Arbalister.] A crossbowman; one who used the arcubalist. Camden. Ar¶cuÏbus (?), n. See Arquebus. [Obs.] Ïard, Ïart. The termination of many English words; as, coward, reynard, drunkard, mostly from the French, in which language this ending is of German origin, being orig. the same word as English hard. It usually has the sense of one who has to a high or excessive degree the quality expressed by the root; as, braggart, sluggard. Ø ArÏdas¶sine (?), n. [F. (cf. Sp. ardacina), fr. ardasse a kind of silk thread, fr. Ar. & Per. ardan a kind of raw silk.] A very fine sort of Persian silk. Ar¶denÏcy (?), n. 1. Heat. [R.] Sir T. Herbert. 2. Warmth of passion or affection; ardor; vehemence; eagerness; as, the ardency of love or zeal. Ar¶dent (?), a. [OE. ardaunt, F. ardant, p. pr. of arder to burn, fr. L. ardere.] 1. Hot or burning; causing a sensation of burning; fiery; as, ardent spirits, that is, distilled liquors; an ardent fever. 2.ÿHaving the appearance or quality of fire; fierce; glowing; shining; as, ardent eyes. Dryden. 3. Warm, applied to the passions and affections; passionate; fervent; zealous; vehement; as, ardent love, feelings, zeal, hope, temper. An ardent and impetuous race. Macaulay. Syn. - Burning; hot; fiery; glowing; intense; fierce; vehement; eager; zealous; keen; fervid; fervent; passionate; affectionate. Ar¶dentÏly (?), adv. In an ardent manner; eagerly; with warmth; affectionately; passionately. Ar¶dentÏness, n. Ardency. [R.] Ar¶dor (?), n. [L. ardor, fr. ardere to burn: cf. OF. ardor, ardur, F. ardeur.] [Spelt also ardour.] 1. Heat, in a literal sense; as, the ardor of the sun's rays. 2. Warmth or heat of passion or affection; eagerness; zeal; as, he pursues study with ardor; the fought with ardor; martial ardor. 3. pl. Bright and effulgent spirits; seraphim. [Thus used by Milton.] Syn. - Fervor; warmth; eagerness. See Fervor. Ar¶duÏous (?; 135), a. [L. arduus steep, high; akin to Ir. ard high, height.] 1. Steep and lofty, in a literal sense; hard to climb. Those arduous pats they trod. Pope. 2. Attended with great labor, like the ascending of acclivities; difficult; laborious; as, an arduous employment, task, or enterprise. Syn. - Difficult; trying; laborious; painful; exhausting. Ð Arduous, Hard, Difficult. Hard is simpler, blunter, and more general in sense than difficult; as, a hard duty to perform, hard work, a hard task, one which requires much bodily effort and perseverance to do. Difficult commonly implies more skill and sagacity than hard, as when there is disproportion between the means and the end. A work may be hard but not difficult. We call a thing arduous when it requires strenuous and persevering exertion, like that of one who is climbing a precipice; as, an arduous task, an arduous duty. ½It is often difficult to control our feelings; it is still harder to subdue our will; but it is an arduous undertaking to control the unruly and contending will of others.¸ Ar¶duÏousÏly, adv. In an arduous manner; with difficulty or laboriousness. Ar¶duÏousÏness, n. The quality of being arduous; difficulty of execution. Ar¶duÏrous (?), a. Burning; ardent. [R.] Lo! further on, Where flames the arduous Spirit of Isidore. Cary. Are (?). [AS. (Northumbrian) aron, akin to the 1st pers. pl. forms, Icel. erum, Goth. sijum, L. sumus, Gr. ?, Skr. smas; all from a root as. ? See Am and Is, and cf. Be.] The present indicative plural of the substantive verb to be; but etymologically a different word from be, or was. Am, art, are, and is, all come from the root as. Are (?), n. [F., fr. L. area. See Area.] (Metric system) The unit of superficial measure, being a square of which each side is ten meters in length; 100 square meters, or about 119.6 square yards. A¶reÏa (?; 277), n. pl. Areas (?). [L. area a broad piece of level gro???. Cf. Are, n.] 1. Any plane surface, as of the floor of a room or church, or of the ground within an inclosure; an open space in a building. The Alban lake... looks like the area of some vast amphitheater. Addison. 2. The inclosed space on which a building stands. 3. The sunken space or court, giving ingress and affording light to the basement of a building. 4. An extent of surface; a tract of the earth's surface; a region; as, vast uncultivated areas. 5. (Geom.) The superficial contents of any figure; the surface included within any given lines; superficial extent; as, the area of a square or a triangle. 6. (Biol.) A spot or small marked space; as, the germinative area. 7. Extent; scope; range; as, a wide area of thought. The largest area of human history and man's common nature. F. Harrison. Dry ~. See under Dry. AÏread¶, AÏreed¶ } (?), v. t. [OE. areden, AS. ¾r?dan to interpret. See Read.] 1. To tell, declare, explain, or interpret; to divine; to guess; as, to aread a riddle or a dream. [Obs.] Therefore more plain aread this doubtful case. Spenser. 2. To read. [Obs.] Drayton. 3. To counsel, advise, warn, or direct. But mark what I aread thee now. Avaunt! Milton. 4. To decree; to adjudge. [Archaic] Ld. Lytton. A¶reÏal (?), a. [Cf. L. arealis, fr. area.] Of or pertaining to an area; as, areal interstices (the areas or spaces inclosed by the reticulate vessels of leaves). AÏrear¶ (?), v. t. & i. [AS. ¾r?ran. See Rear.] To raise; to set up; to stir up. [Obs.] AÏrear¶, adv. [See Arrear, adv.] Backward; in or to the rear; behindhand. Spenser. Ø AÏre¶ca (?), n. [Canarese adiki: cf. Pg. & Sp. areca.] (Bot.) A genus of palms, one species of which produces the ~ nut, or betel nut, which is chewed in India with the leaf of the Piper Betle and lime. AÏreek¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + reek.] In a reeking condition. Swift. Ar·eÏfac¶tion (?), n. [L. arefacere to dry.] The act of drying, or the state of growing dry. The arefaction of the earth. Sir M. Hale. Ar¶eÏfy (?), v. t. [L. arere to be dry + Ïfly.] To dry, or make dry. Bacon. AÏre¶na (?), n.; pl. E. Arenas (?); L. Aren‘ (?). [L. arena, harena, sand, a sandy place.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) The area in the central part of an amphitheater, in which the gladiators fought and other shows were exhibited; Ð so called because it was covered with sand. 2. Any place of public contest or exertion; any sphere of action; as, the arenaof debate; the arena of line. 3. (Med.) ½Sand¸ or ½gravel¸ in the kidneys. Ar·eÏna¶ceous (?), a. [L. arenaceus, fr. arena sand.] Sandy or consisting largely of sand; of the nature of sand; easily disintegrating into sand; friable; as, arenaceous limestone. Ar·eÏna¶riÏous (?), a. [L. arenarius, fr. arena sand.] Sandy; as, arenarious soil.