Veterinary Medicines, Their Actions, Uses and Dose

Part 1

Transcriber’s Notes

Text printed in italics has been transcribed between underscores. Small capitals have been replaced with ALL CAPITALS.

More Transcriber’s Notes may be found at the end of this text.

VETERINARY SCIENCE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA

VETERINARY MEDICINES

THEIR ACTIONS, USES AND DOSE

GEORGE F. KORINEK, V. S., B. V. S.

Graduate of the Ontario Veterinary College. Graduate from the Veterinary Department of the University of Toronto, Canada. Member of the Science Association of the Ontario Veterinary College. Registrar of the Veterinary Science Association of America. Ten years of Practical Experience in Veterinary Medicine and Surgery.

PUBLISHED BY THE

VETERINARY SCIENCE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA

COPYRIGHT 1917 by the VETERINARY SCIENCE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA

PREFACE

There is no scarcity of excellent works on Veterinary materia medica and Therapeutics.

Many of these will well repay the student for the time spent in mastering them, but none seem to meet the wants of the Veterinary Practitioner and Student for whom this work is primarily intended.

It has been my endeavor to find, and bring together in available form, some of the facts regarded as of value to those upon whom the stockman must depend, to a great extent, for important services when sickness comes upon our dumb friends--the domestic animals.

A few publications have been consulted, and in some instances quoted. It has not been practicable to give proper credit for use of ideas and language in each instance, but a general acknowledgment is here made.

List of publications consulted and in some instances quoted:

United States Dispensatory (by Wood).

Veterinary Medicines (by Dun).

Veterinary Materia Medica and Therapeutics (by Winslow).

Veterinary Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Toxicology (by Quitman).

GEORGE F. KORINEK, V. S., B. V. S.

SUMMARY OF VETERINARY MATERIA MEDICA, THERAPEUTICS AND TOXICOLOGY

MATERIA MEDICA, derived from two Latin words signifying medical material, the science which treats with medicine, their source or origin, their derivatives, physical and chemical properties, their method of preparation and administration, their dose, physiological and toxicological effects.

THERAPEUTICS, derived from the Greek, Therapevo, meaning to serve or attend the sick, is that branch of knowledge which treats of the application of all means--medical or otherwise--to the cure of disease or relief of pain.

TOXICOLOGY, derived from the Greek Toxikon, a poison, is that branch of knowledge which treats of the nature, actions, detection and treatment of poisons.

A medicine is an agent of animal, vegetable, or mineral origin used for the cure of disease or relief of pain.

DRUG, derived from the Dutch, Droog, meaning dry, is now used synonymously with medicine although originally referring to an herb or dried medical plant.

Part 2

GENERAL ACTIONS OF MEDICINES

ALTERATIVE.--A medicine that alters the process of nutrition, so as to overcome morbid conditions of the body as Arcenous Acid, Potassium Iodide, etc.

ANAESTHETIC.--Medicines used to produce insensibility to pain, and they are divided into Local and General Anaesthetics.

GENERAL ANAESTHETICS.--Are inhaled and carried by the blood to the brain and spinal cord, where they paralyze the nerve centers, cause muscular relaxation and finally produce entire suspension of sensation and power of motion, together with a loss of consciousness, and apparent life, except breathing and the action of the heart. They comprise Nitrous Oxide Gas, Ether and Chloroform, etc.

LOCAL ANAESTHETICS.--As a rule, are injected hypodermically or applied to open wounds. They cause temporary loss of local or circumscribed sensation by paralyzing the sensory nerves. When applied in the form of liniments they resemble anodynes, but act more promptly and profoundly. They comprise Cocaine, Eucaine, etc.

ANALGESIC.--A medicine used to relieve pain, as Opium, etc.

ANAPHRODISIAC.--A medicine used to produce absence or impairment of sexual appetite, as Potassium Bromide, etc.

ANHIDROTIC.--A medicine that diminishes the secretion of perspiration as Belladonna, etc.

ANODYNE.--A medicine that lessens sensibility to pain, by diminishing the excitability of nerve centers, as Cannabis Indica, Chloral Hydrate, etc.

ANODYNES LOCAL.--Are drugs that diminish pain by acting locally on sensory nerves, and are applied in the form of a liniment over painful swellings, as Belladonna, Aconite, Opium, hot and cold packs, etc.

ANTACID.--A medicine that counteracts or neutralizes acidity of the stomach or intestines as liquor Potassium, Sodium Carbonate and Bicarbonate, etc.

ANTAGONISTIC.--A medicine which counteracts the action of another medicine in the system, as would Potassium Bromide and Nux Vomica or Strychnine.

ANTHELMINTIC.--A medicine efficiently destroying or expelling worms or preventing their development, as Santonin, Arecae Nut, etc.

ANTIDOTE.--A substance preventing or counteracting the action of a poison. Antidotes are distinguished as: chemical, those that change the chemical nature of the poison; mechanical, those that prevent absorption of poison; physiologic, those that counteract the effects of poison by producing other effects.

ANTIEMETIC.--A medicine which prevents or arrests vomiting, as Bismuth Subnitrate.

ANTIFEBRILE.--A medicine that reduces temperature, as Acetanilid, etc.

ANTIFERMENT.--A medicine which prevents the formation of gases, as Sodium Bicarbonate, Turpentine, etc.

ANTIGALACTIC.--A medicine which lessens the secretion of milk, as Belladonna, Tannin, etc.

ANTIPARASITIC.--An agent which destroys and repels insects, as essential oils, powdered tobacco, sulphur and naphthalin, etc.

ANTIPERIODIC.--A medicine that tends to prevent the periodic recurrence of a disease, as Quinine Sulphate, Arsenous Acid, etc.

ANTIPERISTALTIC OR ANTIPERISTALSIS.--Are medicines that produce compression of peristalsis or the worm-like movement of the intestines by which method the alimentary canal propels its contents, as Opium.

ANTIPHLOGISTIC.--A medicine or agent subduing or reducing inflammation or fever, as in bloodletting, applications of cold packs or the administration of Aconite, Acetanilide, etc.

ANTIRHEUMATIC.--A medicine that prevents or cures rheumatism, as Sodium Salicylates, etc.

ANTIPYRETIC.--A medicine which reduces body temperature in fever, as Quinine Sulphate, Salicylic Acid, etc.

ANTISEPTIC.--A medicine which arrests putrefaction on or in the body, or hinders septic decomposition by killing the germs that produce it or by checking their development, as Carbolic Acid, Zinc Sulphocarbolates, etc.

ANTISPASMODIC.--A medicine which prevents or removes spasmodic contraction of voluntary or involuntary muscles, as Belladonna, Valerian, Chloral Hydrate, etc.

ANTITOXIN.--A counter poison or antidote generated within the body to counteract the toxins of bacteria. Antitoxins are frequently injected hypodermically in the treatment of certain infectious diseases and also to immunize against disease, as Tetanus Antitoxin for the treatment of tetanus or lockjaw, etc.

ANTIVENENE.--A name applied to blood-serum of animals rendered immune against snake-poison owing to its antidotal properties.

Part 3

ANTIZYMOTIC.--A medicine preventing fermentation, as Salicylic Acid, etc.

APERIENT.--A medicine possessing a mild laxative or purgative effect, as Rochelle Salts, etc.

APHRODISIAC.--A medicine which stimulates sexual appetite, as Cantharides, Nux Vomica, Phosphorus, Alcohol and general tonics, etc.

AROMATIC.--A medicine characterized by a fragrant taste or odor, as Aromatic Spiritus of Ammonia, Ginger and the essential oils, etc.

ASTRINGENT.--A medicine which contracts vessels and arrests discharges, as Tannic Acid, Ergot, etc.

AUXILIARY.--A medicine that assists the action of another, as Chloral Hydrate would assist Bromide of Potassium in checking excitability.

BITTER.--A medicine with a bitter taste, stimulating the gastro-intestinal secretions without materially affecting the general system, as Qussia Gentian, etc.

BLENNORRHAGIC.--A medicine which increases the secretions of mucus, as Eucalyptus, Balsam Tulo, etc.

BLISTER.--An agent which, when applied over the skin, produces vesicles resulting from local inflammatory exudate of serous fluid between the epidermis and true skin, as applications of Cantharides, etc.

BOLUS.--A large pill or a round mass of food prepared by the mouth for swallowing.

BOUILON.--A nutritive medium for the culture of micro-organisms prepared from finely chopped beef or beef extract.

CACHEXIA.--A deprived condition of general nutrition, due to serious diseases, as Tuberculosis, Scrofula, Syphilis, Cancer, etc.

CALEFACIENT.--A medicine applied externally to produce a sensation of warmth to the part to which it is applied, as Turpentine, Mustard, Capsicum, etc.

CALMANT.--A medicine that reduces functional activity, as Bromide of Potassium, Aconite, etc.

CALMATIVE.--A medicine which has a quieting or a sedative effect, as Morphine, Cannibus Indica, etc.

CALORIFACIENT OR CALORIFIC.--A heat producing substance which has the power of developing heat in the body, as Cod Liver and Olive Oil, Fats, etc.

CARDIAC DEPRESSANT OR SEDATIVE.--A medicine which lessens the force and frequency of the heart’s action as Aconite, Potassium Nitrate, etc.

CARDIAC STIMULANT.--A medicine that increases the force and frequency of the heart’s action when in a depressed condition, as Alcohol, Nux Vomica, Ether, etc.

CARDIAC TONICS.--Are medicines that do not act as quickly as cardiac stimulants, but they strengthen the heart muscles which regulate pulsation, as Digitalis, Nux Vomica, etc.

CARMINATIVE.--A medicine that allays pain by causing the expulsion of gases from the alimentary canal, as Aromatic Spiritus of Ammonia, Asafetida, Turpentine, etc.

CATALEPTIC.--A medicine causing animals to lose control of their muscles, as Cannibus Indica, etc.

CATALYTIC.--A medicine supposed to break down, destroy or counteract morbid agencies existing in the blood, as Calomel, Arcenous Acid, etc.

CATHARTIC.--A medicine which hastens the evacuation of the bowels, as Aloes, Castor Oil, etc.

CATHARTIC CHOLAGOGUE.--A medicine that stimulates the evacuation of the intestines and the flow of bile at the same time, as Podophyllin, etc.

CATHARTIC DRASTIC.--A medicine which produces violent action of the intestines with griping and pain, as Jalap, Arecoline, etc.

CATHARTIC HYDRAGOGUE.--A medicine that causes abundant watery discharges of feces, as Common Elaterium, etc.

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