Part 28

BURIAL—The Navaho dead are buried by others than immediate relatives in unmarked graves. No ceremonies are held, for the dead are considered evil and are feared. The hogán in which death occurs is forever abandoned, often burned. Sometimes a hogán is demolished over the dead and then left to decay.

AFTER-WORLD—An under-world whence came the spirit people who created man and to which spirits return.

NAMES FOR INDIAN TRIBES—

Acoma - Háqonĭ (An Acoma word) Apache - Tzlĭh A Gón (On the Mountains) Chiricahua - Klí̆shnĭ (Red War-paint) Cochiti - To Gad (Cedar Water) Comanche - Aná Tlú̆nĭ (Many Enemies) Havasupaí - Gohní̆nĭ (A term borrowed from the Hopi) Hopi - Ayá Kĭnné̆ (Hole Houses) Isleta - Aná To Ho (Tribe by the Water) Jemez - Mai Dĕshkís (Coyote Pass) Laguna - To Tlú̆nĭ (Have much Water) Mohave, Pima, Maricopa, Yuma, Papago - Bĕ Ĕsá Ntsái (With large Jars) Navaho - Dĭné̆ Sandia - Kĭn Nodózĭ (Striped Houses) San Felipe - To Háchĕle (Pull up Water) San Ildefonso - Tsĕ Tŭ Kĭnné̆ (Houses between Rocks) San Juan - Kĭn Klĕchínĭ (Red-house People) Santa Clara - Ána Sú̆shĭ (Tribe like Bears—from skunkskin moccasins, first thought to be of bearskin) Santo Domingo - Kĭn Klĕkái Nĭ (White Houses) Sia - Tlógĭ (Hairy) Taos - To Wolh (Water Gurgles) Zuñi - Nashtĕzhé̆ (Blackened Eyebrows)

SOUTHERN ATHAPASCAN COMPARATIVE VOCABULARY

ANATOMICAL TERMS English Apache Jicarilla Navaho ankle-joint ko-ká̆ ké̆t-sin a-ké̆ts-in ĭlh-rŭ-nŭ-ni-wú arm ko-gún gŏn a-gán blood dĭlh tí̆l-thĕ dĭlh bone its-í̆n í̆ts-ĭn ts’ĭn chest i-tí̆l ko-yé̆-tĕ a-jĕ-í̆ts-in chin ko-yé̆-dâ ĭs-é̆-tâ á̆-yăts-in ear id-já ĭd-já ă-já elbow ko-gún ĭd-an-hlá osh-lé ĭlh-rŭ-nŭ-ni-wú eye in-dá̆ ĭt-á ăn-án face ko-ní ĭn-ní ăn-ín finger ko-lụ-zhúzh in-lấ shĭ-lă finger-nail ko-lụ-gún in-lâ-gó̆n shĭ-lá̆sh-gân foot ko-ké̆ i-ká kĕ hair tsĭ-rấ ĭt-sé̆ tsi-ghá̆ hand ko-gún u-lá shí-lă head kots-its-í̆n í̆ts-ĭts-ĭn sí̆ts-ĭts-in heart kod-jí ko-chá a-je-id-í̆sh-jalh did-jú-la knee ko-qút ĭ-kó ă-whód leg kod-jấk ĭ-jấd ă-jấd lip su-sŭ-bâ-né̆ ĭ-tấ ă-dấ lungs kod-jí ĭ-tâ-lé̆ a-jé mouth ko-zá ĭ-zé̆ si-zé neck ko-gús ĭ-kó̆s ăk-ás nose ko-chí ĭ-chín ă-chí̆n nostril kó-ní̆ ĭn-né̆ ă-ní̆n shoulder ko-hwás ĭh-hwás ă-hwás toe ko-kĕ-zhúzh ĭh-ké̆sh a-ké̆ toe-nail ko-kĕ-gún ĭh-ké̆sh-gŏn a-ké̆sh-gân tongue kŏ-zá ĭh-zá-tĕ a-tsó tooth ko-wú ĭh-gwó a-hwó

ANIMALS (See also FOODS) English Apache Jicarilla Navaho antelope já-gĕ tá-ga-tĕ jú̆-dĭ badger bụ-ntă-lé̆ ná-as-chĭd na-gans-chi-tn bat cha-bâ-né̆ cha-na-mi-ín jâ-a-bá-nĭ bear sŭsh shash sŭsh beaver cha cha cha blue-bird rụsh-tá dó-lo dó-lĭ du-tlí̆sh buffalo bĭ-shĭsh-jík ă-yán-dĕ a-yá-nĭ buzzard chi-shó-gĭ ta-chá-ze jé-sho chipmunk gụ-sụs-sí ĭn-se-zú-so tsĭd-í̆t-í̆-nĭ coyote ban tsil-i-té̆n mai crow gấ-gĕ kấ-gĕ gấ-gĕ deer bin bin bin eagle tsá-cho i-tsá a-tsá elk bin-nal-dé̆ tzĕs tzĕ gopher na-ilh-tlí-gi ma-í-nĕ-lin na-a-zí-si hawk ĭt-sấ ĭt-sé̆-so-yĕ g’í̆-ni mountain lion ndú-chú ĕn-tó-yĕ nash-tu-í-tso mountain sheep dĕ-bé̆-chụ tsĕ-tú̆-dĕ-bĕ zi-dĕ-bé̆ owl bụ yí-yĕ nás-cha rat (wood) klósh-chụ klé̆-tso klĕ-é̆-tso skunk gụ-lízh-ĭ kĕl-din-shé̆n wo-lí̆-zhi spider na-alht-lo-lé̆ mans-ché̆ nash-jé’i squirrel tsĕ-skús-si na-jĭl-kái-ĭ t’lá-zi turkey tá-zhĭ ká-zhĭ tá-zhĭ wolf ban-chú bai-é̆-tso mai-í̆-tso

Zahadolzhá - Navaho

From Copyright Photograph 1904 by E.S. Curtis

CARDINAL POINTS English Apache Jicarilla Navaho north nâ-ak-ku-sé̆ ná-ko-sŭ nó̑-ho-kos bi-yâ-yó bi-ya-yé̆ south nụ-dĭt-ú̆ sha-tí ai-yé̆ shŭ-tŭ-ú̆ bi-yâ-yó east hụ-nâ-ĭt-ú̆kh sha-há ai-yé̆ há-ĭ bi-yâ-yó west on-ụd-ú̆kh sha-í ai-yé̆ i-yŭ-ú̆ bi-yâ-yó zenith nokh-gé̆h-yo ya-alh-ní-gĭ nadir nokh-tlúh-yo a-yá-ĭ dĕs-á-ĭ-gĭ

COLORS English Apache Jicarilla Navaho black dí̆lh-kĭh dí̆lh-ĭ-li dí̆lh-kĭh blue du-tlí̆sh-ĭ dá-tlĭsh do-tlí̆sh-ĭ brown hĭsh-tlí̆zh klĭ-pá dí̆-nĭl-zhĭn gray qụl-bấ tnĕ-ná-tlĭsh klĕ-pá green tlŏh-du-tlí̆zh-a yĕ-dá-tlĭsh dó-tlĭsh red tli-chú klĭ-chí klĕ-chí white tli-kái klĭ-kái klĕ-kái yellow tli-tsó klĭ-tsó klé̆-tso

FOODS (PRIMITIVE) English Apache Jicarilla Navaho acorns chĭd-jí̆l na-tó-ka-tsĕ ché̆-chĭl bi-ná antelope já-gĕ ta-gá-tĕ jú̆-dĭ beans (native) bé̆s-tsoz ná-o-hlĕ-tsos-tĕt nú̆-o-hlĭ cedar berries dĭl-tú-hla kal-tú-stĕ-ih dit-zé̆ du-tlí̆sh-ĭ corn na-tán na-tán na-tán deer bin bi^{n) bin elk bin nal-dé̆ tzĕs tzĕ grapes (wild) dŭh-tsá tŭt-zé̆ tŭt-zé̆ juniper berries dĭl-tú-hla chĭl-há-zhĕ mescal (agave) ná-ta ná-ta ná-ta mountain sheep dĕ-bé̆-chụ tsĕ-tú̆-dĕ-bĕ zi-dĕ-bé̆ piñon nuts o-bé̆ nĕs-chí nĕs-chí potatoes (wild) ĭlh-tsú pi-ji-né̆ ná-ma-si si-tsí̆n-nĭ prairie-dogs ăn klun klun pumpkins bĕlh-kún na-yí-zĕ na-yĭ-zĭ-chí rabbits (jack) gah-chú gah-tsó gah-tsó rabbits gah-chi-lé̆ gah-chĭ-shé̆ gah (cottontail) rats (wood) klosh-chú klé̆-tso klĕ-é̆-tso squash gó-chi bĕlh-kún na-yí-zĕ na-yí̆-zĭ yucca fruit gu-skú̆n kash-kán kŭsh-kán

HANDICRAFT English Apache Jicarilla Navaho arrow-point bĕsh-go-lí̆n bé̆sh-tĕ bes-ĕst-á-gi arrow-shaft tsĭ-gấ kĭ-ĭsh-tlu-zé̆ ts’ak-á̆ basket (tray) tsâ-nas-kú̆-dĭ ts’â ĭ-tsấ basket (burden) tú̆t-za ĭ-tsâ-nas-ká tsi-zí̆s bow ĭlh-tí̆ ĭt-kĭn-chái alht-hín cap cha cha cha deerskin ĕ-pú̆n ĕ-pú̆n ĕ-pú̆n fire-sticks kóh-tĭl-di t’tĕ wolk-án head-band tsĭ-nóz-dĕ tsi-náz-dĕ cha house kó-wa ko-zhán ho-gán leggings ĭs-klé̆ tlĭ-kái ĭs-klé̆ ĕ-pú̆n ĭs-klé̆ loin-cloth chósh-ta tsa-á-tĕ t’lĕsts-ós moccasins ĕ-pú̆n kĕ ké̆’it-zĕ kĕ pottery nụlh-kí-dĕ bi ĭ-tsá̆ i-dé̆ kush-tí̆sh shirt ĕ-pŭn-tlé-sĭs é̆’it-zĕ ĕ-pŭn’é̆ sweat-lodge ka-ché̆ ké̆lh-cha ta-ché̆ water bottle kún-chĕ-ĕ tó-zŭs tus

MONTHS (MOONS)(8) English Apache Jicarilla Navaho January It-sá Bĭ-zhá̆zh Ku-wan-dé̆ Yăs Nlht’es February Bụh Is-chí̆t Is-sai-zá A-tsá̆ Bĭ-yásh March T’a Nụ-chí̆l It-á-na Chĭ-tái Wozhch’td April T’a Nụ-chú It-á-na Tso At-ấn Chil May Shosh-ké̆ Ku-skí It-chí At-ấn Tso June Bin-nĭ-tsí̆ Tấ-gĕ It-chí Nesh-já Chíl-i Dĭlh-tsí̆k July Bin-nĭ-tsí̆ Bi It-chí Nesh-já Tso Chi-é̆ August Bi-nĭ-tún Tsos-sé̆ Kĕ-tlĕ-pé̆ Lak-tái-kĕ Bĭnt-ấn Ts’án-sĭ September Bi-nĭ-t[ú.]n It-ha-stĭ-kí̆h Bĭnt-ấn Tso Chụ October Rấn-zhĭ Iz-té̆-o-ĕ Ghấn-jĭ November Ka-rúh-nụl-gụs Bin-zá-kĭ-a Nlhch-ĭ Ts’ấn-sĭ December Sŏs-nalh-tús Bin-nai-a-shé̆ Nlhch-ĭ Tsa

Hasché̆ltĭ, Haschĕbaád, Zahadolzhá—Navaho

From Copyright Photograph 1906 by E.S. Curtis

NATURAL PHENOMENA English Apache Jicarilla Navaho ashes ĭlh-chí kus-chí-ĭsh hlesh-ch’ái charcoal tli-té̆sh kus-chí t’ĕsh cloud ya-kó̆s kos kos darkness chalh-ké̆lh klin cha-halh-kélh day dji djin jĭn earth ni-go-stú̆n ní-to-gus-an ní-ho-ĕs-tsan fire koh ku kŭn ice ti i-lá tqĭn lake tu-sĭ-kấ ko-zĭlh-ká to light go-tí go-tíh a-dí̆n-din lightning há-dĭlh-kĭh í-dĭlh-chĭl a-tsín-ĭl-klĭsh Milky-way I-kú̆tl bâ-há Tsós-pai Klĕ-kái stá-ĭ mist ât ku-bĕ-zhá-zi i-dzí moon klĕ-ga-na-ái klĕ-na-ái klĕ-ho-na-ái mountain tzĭlh tzĭlh tzĭlh night klĕ kli klé-jĕ Pleiades Nụs-ka-o-ŭ-hú Sŏns-chi-sté̆ Dí̆l-gĕ-het rain ná-ĭl-tĭ na-golh-kín nĭt-sú̆n rainbow hi-tsâ-tlúl ĭt-sun-to-lé̆ nads-í-lĭd river tu-ndlí ko-dlé̆ to rock tse tsi tsĕ shooting-star tĭtl-són-sé̆ sush-na-tsé̆ sŏn-á̆-dal-dsĭd (meteor) nụl-tú̆ sky yá-dĭlh-kĭh ya yá-dĭlh-kĭh smoke tlĭk kli hlĭd snow sŏs zŏs yăs star tĭtl-só̆n-sĕ sons son sun chu-ga-na-ái chun-na-ái chĕ-ho-na-ái thunder i-dá-ndi i-dĭlh-ní í-nĭ water tu ko to wind ní̆l-chi nl-chi ní̆l-chi

NUMERALS English Apache Jicarilla Navaho one hlá-ĭ hlá-ĭ hlá-ĭ two ná-kĭ ná-kĭ ná-kĭ three tá-gĭ ká-i ta four dín-ĭ dín-ĭ din five ăsh-tlá-ĭ á̆sh-tlĕ á̆sh-dla six gus-tán kus-kú̆n has-tán seven gus-tsí̆-gĭ kus-tsí̆t-i tsósts-ĕd eight tsá-bi tsá-bi tsé-bi nine ngus-tá-i nkus-tá-i nâas-dái ten gú-nĕz-na kú-nĕz-ni né̆z-na eleven hla-zá-ta hla-ĭ-zá hla-zá̆-ta twelve na-kĭ-zá-ta na-ki-zá na-ki-zá-ta thirteen ta-zá-ta ka-zá ta-zá-ta English Apache Jicarilla Navaho fourteen din-zá-ta din-zá din-zấ-ta fifteen ăsh-tla-á-ta ăsh-tlĕ-zá ăsh-dla-ấ-ta sixteen gus-ta-á-ta kus-kŭn-zá has-tan-ấ-ta seventeen gus-tsĭ-zá-ta kus-tsĭt-zá tsosts-ĕd-zấ-ta eighteen tsa-bi-zá-ta tsa-bi-zá tse-bi-dzấ-ta nineteen ngus-ta-dzá-ta nkus-ta-zá nâas-dai-dzấ-ta twenty na-dí̆n na-tín na-dín twenty-one na-dí̆n-hla na-tín-hla na-dín-hla thirty ta-dí̆n ka-tín tá-din forty dĭs-dí̆n dĭs-tín dí̆s-din fifty ăsh-tlá-dĭn ăsh-tlé̆-tin á̆sh-dla-din one hundred né̆z-na-din gú-nĕz-na-dĭn kú-nĕz-ni-tin

PERSONAL TERMS English Apache Jicarilla Navaho aunt ko-bá̆-zhĕ ku-bá-zhĕ shi-bí̆-zhi baby mĕ ô-ja-zí̆ a-wé̆ boy skhĭn ĭsh-ki-ín skhi brother ku-ĭ-zhá sí̆-tsĭ-lĭ (younger) ko-kí̆zn ko-kă-gé̆ na-râ-hí̆ brother (elder) ku-na-á shí̆-nai ko-kí̆zn ụn na-râ-hí̆ child châ-rá-shĕ ilh-chí̆n shĭ-yá̆zh clan ndĕ-áz-dĭ-i ĭ-chu-gĕ-dé̆ dĭ-né̆-ĕ enemy ĕ-ná ko-ndá a-ná father ko-tá̆ ku-kấ-ĭ shi-zhé̆-ĕ girl na-lí̆n ish-té̆tn at-é̆d man ndĕ tĭn-dé̆ dĭ-né̆ medicine-man dĭ-gí̆n tin-dá-ko-ka-tlé̆ ha-tá-lĭ mother ko-mấ ku-sí sha-mú̆ people ko-kí shĕ-tĭn-dé̆ dĭ-né̆ (tribesmen) people tlúh-go ndé̆-hi ta-á-tso a-ná (strangers) person tsĭlh-kí̆dn ti-ní dĭ-né̆ sister ko-dĭ-zhé̆ shĕ-lá shi-dé-zhĭ (younger) sister (elder) ko-lú shĕ-nda-té̆ shú̆d-dĭ uncle ko-dâ-ú̆ shĕ-ka-na-tlé̆n shi-bí̆-zhi woman ĭst-só̆n ĕs-tsán ĕs-tsán

TREES English Apache Jicarilla Navaho cedar gá-ĭl-lĭ kálh-tĕ gad cottonwood t’is tu-ás t’is juniper dĭl-tút-hlĕ-chi gad náz-si oak chi-chí̆l shun-chi-lé̆ ché̆-chĭl pine ndĭl-chí nus-chí ndish-chí piñon o-bĕ-tsí̆n ĭ-zĕn-chí chá̆-olh spruce djụ-útlh kŏn-skĕ-lé̆ dishl-bái willow gai kí̆-ĭ k’á-i

Navaho Women

From Copyright Photograph 1906 by E.S. Curtis

MISCELLANEOUS English Apache Jicarilla Navaho arm ko-gún gŏn a-gán food chi-zú̆n ai-tá-i chi-án forest gụd-nlh-chíl ku-dŏn-chíl tsĭn god ya-á-diz-tan bi-tsa-shĕ-ndá-ĭ ye jewels tsĕ-rụ-dé̆n-lĭg-gĕ n’klĭz large n’chai n’tsai n’tsa pollen há-dĭn-tĭn tlâsh tá-dĭ-tĭn small ăl-chí̆-se ŭns-tsé̆s-tĕ yá-zhĕ spirits chĭdn kuts-áin tsĭ*n-di spirit-land chĭdn-túh-yo bits-áin bĕ-kĕ-yá tobacco tzĭlh-ná-to ná-to-tĕ n’át’o turquoise du-tlí̆sh-ĭ da-tlí̆sh-ĕ dó-tlĭsh

INDEX

Abalone, cross of, on medicine cap, 40 in Navaho myth, 91, 92, 97, 103, 104, 115

Acoma, Navaho name for, 138

Acorns eaten by Apache, 19

Acosta, an Apache, conference with, 7