Part 46

- Overthrow of Santa Ana, Dictator of Mexico.

- Opening of a railway across the Isthmus of Panama. 1856 - Tumult and bloodshed in Kansas.

- Walker, the filibuster, seizes temporary control of Nicaragua.

- End of the Crimean War; Russia withdraws from the Danubian Provinces.

- Second war between England and China; Persians attack Afghanistan.

1857 - James Buchanan inaugurated as President of the United States.

The decision in the Dred Scott case extends slavery into the Territories.

- Mormon Revolt in Utah.

- "THE INDIAN MUTINY." Nana Sahib heads the insurgents; recapture of Delhi and Cawnpore; relief of Lucknow.

- England ends the Persian War. France joins England against China.

- The first Atlantic cable laid and broken.

1858 - Jews admitted to share in the government of England.

- End of the Indian Mutiny; the East Indian Company transfers its authority to the Crown.

1859 - John Brown's Raid.

- Charles Darwin announces the doctrine of evolution. See "DARWIN PUBLISHES His ORIGIN OF SPECIES."

- Russia captures Shamyl, and subdues the entire region of the Caucasus.

- Cavour, the chief statesman of Sardinia, arranges an alliance with France and begins a war with Austria to establish "United Italy."

- "BATTLES OF MAGENTA AND SOLFERINO."

- Lombardy added to the Italian Kingdom; Venice remains Austrian.

1860 - Garibaldi and his "Thousand" attack the Neapolitans in

Sicily; they capture Naples. Victor Emmanuel seizes the States of the Church. See "THE KINGDOM OF ITALY ESTABLISHED."

1860 - French and English troops seize Peking and dictate peace terms.

- Election of Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate, as President of the United States. South Carolina secedes from the Union.

1861 - "EMANCIPATION OF RUSSIAN SERFS."