Part 45

- "THE REVOLT OF HUNGARY."

- Storming of Vienna by government troops. Flight of Pius IX from Rome. Louis Napoleon elected President of France.

- The English crowd back the Boers in Southern Africa; the Boers migrate and form the Transvaal Republic.

1849 - Zachary Taylor inaugurated as President of the United States.

- Rome declared a republic. The Sardinian troops defeated by the Austrians at Novara, and the Sardinian King resigns his throne to his son, Victor Emmanuel II. Austria again dominant in Italy. Rome stormed by French troops. See "RISE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC."

- Venice surrenders to the Austrians after nearly a year of siege. Hungary declared a republic; her forces crushed by the

- Russians in aid of Austria.

- Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein at war. A German confederation established.

- "LIVINGSTONE'S AFRICAN DISCOVERIES."

- The Punjab annexed to British India.

1850 - Death of President Taylor.

- Congress passes the Clay compromise measures admitting California as a free State, but compelling the return of fugitive slaves by the North.

- Tai-ping rebellion begins in China.

1851 - First great world's fair in the Crystal Palace, London.

- "DISCOVERY OF GOLD IN AUSTRALIA."

- "THE COUP D'ÉTAT OF LOUIS NAPOLEON." Napoleon dismisses the Assembly, and is elected President of France for ten years.

1852 - Napoleon III proclaimed Emperor of France.

1853 - Franklin Pierce inaugurated as President of the United States.

- The Gadsden Purchase made from Mexico, including Southern Arizona and New Mexico. Surveys begin for a transcontinental railroad.

- Dr. Kane sets out on his arctic explorations.

- Russia quarrels with Turkey, claims a protectorate over all Christians in Turkish dominions; war begun, a Turkish fleet destroyed at Sinope. England and France interfere.

- Great successes of the Tai-pings in China.

1854 - Passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill intensifies the slavery agitation in the United States; formation of the Republican party. See "THE RISE OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY."

- France and England declare war against Russia; bombardment of

Bomarsund; the allies land in the Crimea; battles of the Alma, of Balaklava, of Inkerman, siege of Sebastopol.

- "THE OPENING OF JAPAN."

1855 - "THE CAPTURE OF SEBASTOPOL."

- Russian successes against the Turks in Asia.