Part 38

"Barren Ground Caribou": Camsell, 1916: 21 (Tazin-Taltson Basin, autumn and winter).

Rangifer arcticus . . . (part): Nelson, 1916: 460 (Arctic barrens; numbers; Artillery Lake; gait); 460-461 (use as food).

"Rein Deer": Thompson, 1916: 19 (Eskimo lances pointed with leg-bone); 99 ([Barren Ground or Woodland species?] numerous in spring on Hayes River, where snared by Indians); 100-101 (immense herd estimated at 3,564,000 individuals, crossing Hayes River 20 miles above York Factory in late May, 1792).

"Caribou": J. B. Tyrrell, in Thompson, 1916: 16 (Eskimos on Kazan River subsisting chiefly on caribou, killing them with spears and using their skins for clothing and kayaks).

Rangifer arcticus . . .: Kindle, 1917: 107-108 (tens of thousands E. of Slave River, early winter); 108-109 (previous accounts of great numbers).

"Barren Ground Caribou": Camsell and Malcolm, 1919: 46 (e. border of Mackenzie Basin; migration).

"Barren Ground caribou": Malloch, 1919: 55-56 (larvae of Oedemagena tarandi from skin of caribou, Dolphin and Union Strait, Bernard Harbour, and Coronation Gulf); 56 (larvae of Cephenemyia sp. from nasal passages of caribou, May 25, Bernard Harbour).

"Caribou": Stefánsson, 1919: 310 (hunting in the Arctic).

"Caribou": Whittaker, 1919: 166 (in greater numbers than usual, E. of Slave River, winter); 167 (1,000 does crossing Great Slave Lake in March toward Barren Grounds).

Rangifer arcticus. . .: Buchanan, 1920: 105 (S. in winter to Reindeer Lake and Churchill River, rarely to Cumberland House); 105-108, 128-129 (migration); 105-106, 131 (food); 113-125, 134-137, 142-151 (hunting by Indians and others); 122, 124 (traveling upwind); 125-126 (description); 126 (antler change; gait); 130-131 (numbers); 135-136 (snares); 136-140 (economic uses by Indians).

"Caribou": R. M. Anderson, in Stefánsson, 1921: 743, 750 (Eskimos killing caribou, Victoria Island); 749 (Hood River); 750 (Bathurst Inlet).

Rangifer arcticus . . . (part): Hewitt, 1921: 11-12 (as a source of meat and clothing); 56 (most abundant of the larger land mammals of the world); 58, 64-66 (place in native economy; range and numbers becoming restricted by excessive slaughter); 59-60 (distribution); 59 (destruction by Eskimos and whalers); 60-63 (migration); 61 (food); 62 (fawning); 67 (warble flies, black flies, and mosquitoes).

Rangifer arcticus. . .: Johansen, 1921: 22-24 (larvae and adults of Oedemagena tarandi and larvae of Cephenemyia sp., both parasites of caribou, at Bernard Harbour); 29 (adult Oe. tarandi, Dolphin and Union Strait); 35, 37 (larvae of Oe. tarandi, lower Coppermine River and Victoria Island).

"Caribou": Stefánsson, 1921: 18 (abundant, Banks Island, winter); 227-230 (Norway Island [W. of Banks Island]); 231-234 (qualities of meat and fat); 242-249, 255, 258, 262, 281-283, 358, 364, 397, 369, 372, 473, 475, 476 (hunting on Banks Island); 246-247 (fat); 247 (attacks by insects); 248 (speed according to sex and age); 248-249 (pursuit by wolves); 251 (wariness on Banks Island); 252 (back fat); 255 (perhaps 2,000-3,000 caribou on Banks Island in summer); 307 (sight); 401 (hunting on Victoria Island, September; some migrating S. to mainland); 401-402 (stone monuments used by Eskimos for driving caribou to ambush); 475-476 (relations of caribou and wolves).

"Caribou" or "deer": Jenness, 1922: 15, 17 (migration between mainland and Arctic islands; one route across Cape Krusenstern); 20-21 (Coppermine River to Great Bear Lake); 22 (Cape Barrow to Bathurst Inlet); 25-26 (Victoria Island in summer); 47 (spearing from kayaks in Coppermine region); 48, 101, 248 (use of fat for fuel); 61 (skins as bedding); 78-81 (skins as tent material); 97 (stomach contents eaten by Eskimos); 100-103 (Caribou as food of Eskimos; hunting on ice of Coronation Gulf and on Victoria Island; Coppermine River to Bathurst Inlet); 124 (summer hunting by Eskimos about Dolphin and Union Strait); 125 (October passage from Victoria Island to mainland); 127-142 (hunting on Victoria Island, April to October); 148-151 (Eskimo hunting methods about Coronation Gulf and on Victoria Island; attacks on Eskimos by Caribou); 182-189 (Eskimo superstitions concerning Caribou); 244, 249 (scarcity and destruction at Coronation Gulf).

Rangifer arcticus. . .: R. M. Anderson, 1924: 329 (varying estimates of numbers; Barren Grounds of central mainland); 330 (relations to reindeer).

Rangifer arcticus arcticus (Richardson): Miller, 1924: 491 (nomenclature; type locality).

"Caribou": Blanchet, 1925: 15 (upper Coppermine); 32-34 (migration); 32-33 (sexual segregation); 33 (fawning; food; torment of flies; gait; molt; antler growth and change); 34 (senses; utilization by Indians; wariness; swimming; relations to wolves and foxes; Great Slave Lake to Great Bear Lake and Back's River).

"Caribou": Blanchet, 1926a: 73 (trails, Nonacho Lake); 96-97 (trail and signs, Lake Eileen); 98 (caribou in economy of the Caribou-eater Chipewyans).

Rangifer arcticus. . .: Blanchet, 1926b: 46-48 (migrations); 47 (fawning in early June; attacks of flies; gait; molt; utilization of hides); 47-48 (antler change); 48 (senses; segregation by sex and age; numbers in millions; Lake MacKay, Great Bear Lake, Lac de Gras, Clinton-Colden and Aylmer lakes; wintering S. to Cree, Foster, and Reindeer lakes).

Rangifer spp.: Ekblaw, 1926: 101 (s. Arctic Archipelago).

"Caribou": Mallet, 1926: 79 (migration; wintering about Reindeer, Cree, Wollaston, and Nueltin lakes and Pakatawagan; predilection for frozen lakes; predation by wolves); 80 (dependence of travelers on Caribou for food; hunting on the ice of lakes).

Rangifer arcticus. . .: Preble, 1926: 119 (Barren Grounds); 121 (depletion along Arctic coast E. to Coppermine River); 125 (Yellowknife Preserve); 137 (Back's River Preserve; great numbers; migration); 138 (Arctic islands; partial migration); 139 (Banks and Victoria islands).

"Caribou": Blanchet, 1927: 145 (Abitau River); 149 (sw. tributary of Dubawnt River, July 5).

"Caribou": Craig, 1927: 22 (Admiralty Inlet; former abundance; depletion by hunting).

"Caribou": Henderson, 1927: 40 (Clyde River, Baffin Island; annual caribou hunt by Eskimos).

"Caribou": Rasmussen, 1927: 5 (Eskimos clad in caribou skin, Melville Peninsula); 20-21 (hunting on Melville Peninsula); 23 (Eskimo stores of caribou meat); 54 (caribou moving N., Baker Lake, May); 59-60, 103, 105 (hunting by Eskimos, lower Kazan River); 63, 68 (Yathkyed Lake); 65 (warble fly larvae as Eskimo delicacy); 67 (decrease in Eskimos and caribou at Yathkyed Lake); 68 (stone cairns for deflecting caribou); 73-77 (Eskimo hunting methods); 104-106 (Eskimos starving for lack of caribou, lower Kazan River); 145 (Eskimos hunting near Admiralty Inlet); 166-167 (caribou obtained by Eskimos, Pelly Bay); 205 (King William Island); 214-217 (migration, September 15-21, King William Island); 245 (Eskimos of Victoria Island living on caribou in summer and autumn); 246 (enormous herds crossing delta of Ellice River; Kent Peninsula becoming depopulated of Eskimos through failure of caribou).

Rangifer arcticus arcticus (Richardson): Anthony, 1928: 530-531 (description); 532 (Barren Grounds; former abundance; destruction).