Part 8

Inmarsat-International Mobile Satellite Organization (London); provider of global mobile satellite communications for commercial and distress and safety applications, at sea, in the air, and on land

Intelsat--International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Washington, DC)

Intersputnik--International Organization of Space Communications (Moscow); first established in the former Soviet Union and the East European countries, it is now marketing its services worldwide with earth stations in North America, Africa, and East Asia

landline--communication wire or cable of any sort that is installed on poles or buried in the ground

Marecs--Maritime European Communications Satellite used in the Inmarsat system on lease from the European Space Agency

Marisat--satellites of the Comsat Corporation that participate in the Inmarsat system

Medarabtel--the Middle East Telecommunications Project of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), providing a modern telecommunications network, primarily by microwave radio relay, linking Algeria, Djibouti, Egypt, Jordan, Libya, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, and Yemen (initially started in Morocco in 1970 by the Arab Telecommunications Union (ATU) and known at that time as the Middle East Mediterranean Telecommunications Network)

NMT--Nordic Mobile Telephone; an analog cellular telephone system that was developed jointly by the national telecommunications authorities of the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden)

Orbita--a Russian television service; also the trade name of a packet--switched digital telephone network

radiotelephone communications--the two--way transmission and reception of sounds by broadcast radio on authorized frequencies using telephone handsets

satellite communication system--a communication system consisting of two or more earth stations and at least one satellite that provides long distance transmission of voice, data, and television; the system usually serves as a trunk connection between telephone exchanges; if the earth stations are in the same country, it is a domestic system

satellite earth station--a communications facility with a microwave radio transmitting and receiving antenna and required receiving and transmitting equipment for communicating with satellites

satellite link--a radio connection between a satellite and an earth station permitting communication between them, either one--way (down link from satellite to earth station--television receive--only transmission) or two-way (telephone channels)

SHF--super--high--frequency; any radio frequency in the 3,000- to 30,000-MHz range

SHF--super-high-frequency; any radio frequency in the 3,000- to 30,000-MHz range

Solidaridad-geosynchronous satellites in Mexico's system of international telecommunications in the Western Hemisphere

Statsionar--Russia's geostationary system for satellite telecommunications

submarine cable--a cable designed for service under water

TAT--Trans--Atlantic Telephone; any of a number of high--capacity submarine coaxial telephone cables linking Europe with North America

telefax--facsimile service between subscriber stations via the public switched telephone network or the international Datel network

telegraph--a telecommunications system designed for unmodulated electric impulse transmission

telex--a communication service involving teletypewriters connected by wire through automatic exchanges

tropospheric scatter--a form of microwave radio transmission in which the troposphere is used to scatter and reflect a fraction of the incident radio waves back to earth; powerful, highly directional antennas are used to transmit and receive the microwave signals; reliable over-the-horizon communications are realized for distances up to 600 miles in a single hop; additional hops can extend the range of this system for very long distances

trunk network--a network of switching centers, connected by multichannel trunk lines

UHF--ultra-high-frequency; any radio frequency in the 300- to 3,000-MHz range

VHF--very-high-frequency; any radio frequency in the 30- to 300-MHz range

Telephones: This entry gives the total number of subscribers.

Television broadcast stations: This entry gives the total number of separate broadcast stations plus any repeater stations.