Shell-Shock and Other Neuropsychiatric Problems

Section C. Shell-Shock Diagnosis

371. Value of lumbar puncture Souques, Donnet, 1915 524

372. Meningeal and intraspinal hemorrhage: Lumbar puncture Guillain, 1915 525

373. Burial: Slight hyperalbuminosis Ravaut, 1915 526

374. Paraplegia, organic: Lumbar puncture Joubert, 1915 527

375. Gunshot of spine: Spinal concussion, quadriplegia, cerebellospasmodic disorder Claude, L’Hermitte, 1917 528

376. Trauma of spine: Anesthesia and contracture, homolateral, with trauma Oppenheim, 1915 529

377. Mine explosion combining hysterical and lesional effects Dupouy, 1915 530

378. Shell explosion: Hysterical and organic symptoms Hurst, 1917 532

379. Gunshot: Cauda equina symptoms, combined with functional paraplegia Oppenheim, 1915 533

380. Intraspinal lesion: Persistent anesthesia Buzzard, 1916 534

381. Functional shell-shock: Erroneous diagnosis Buzzard, 1916 534

382. Retention of urine after shell-shock Guillain, Barré, 1917 535

383. Same Guillain, Barré, 1917 536

384. Incontinence of urine after shell-shock and burial Guillain, Barré, 1917 536

385. Struck by missile: Crural monoplegia; plantar reflex absent Paulian, 1915 537

386. Shell explosion: Crural monoplegia; sciatica (neuritis?) Souques, 1915 538

387. Functional paraplegia and internal popliteal neuritis Roussy, 1915 540

388. Bullet in hip: Local “stupor” of leg Sebileau, 1914 542

389. Localized catalepsy: Hysterotraumatic Sollier, 1917 544

390. Contracture: Hysterotraumatic Sollier, 1917 545

391. Crural monoplegia, tetanic: Recovery Routier, 1915 546

392. Spasms, contracture, crises--tetanic Mériel, 1916 548

393. Shell explosion, windage, flaccid paraplegia, not “spinal contusion” Léri, 1915 550

394. Scalp wound: Quadriparesis; paraplegia, cataleptic rigidity of anesthetic legs Clarke, 1916 551

395. Shell explosion: Spasmodic contractions of sartorii, persistent in sleep Myers, 1916 553

396. Shell explosion: Brown-Séquard’s syndrome, hematomyelic? Ballet, 1915 555

397. Question of structural injury of spinal cord Smyly, 1917 557

398. Dysbasia, psychogenic round an organic nucleus (cerebellar?) Cassirer, 1916 557

399. Shell explosion: Dysbasia, in part hysterical, in part organic? Hurst, 1915 558

400. Peculiar walking tic Chavigny, 1917 559

401. Mine explosion: Camptocormia. Hospital rounder twenty months--cure by electrotherapy, 1 hour Marie, Meige, Béhagne, Souques, Megevand, 1917 561

402. Astasia-abasia Guillain, Barré, 1916 563

403. Shell wounds: Abdominothoracic contracture, tetanic, four months after injury Marie, 1916 564

404. Shoulder dislocation: Hysterical paralysis of arm Walther, 1914 566

405. Gunshot: Paralysis of arm increasing in degree Oppenheim, 1915 567

406. Wound of wrist: Differential glove anesthesias Römner, 1915 568

407. Hysterical contracture combined with edema and vasomotor disorder Ballet, 1915 569

408. Hemiparesis with syringomyelic dissociation of sensations: Hematomyelia? Ravaut, 1915 570

409. Brachial monoplegia: Tetanic Routier, 1915 571

410. Paralysis of right leg: Hysterical? Organic? “Microörganic”? Von Sarbo, 1915 572

411. Shell explosion: Burial: Paralysis on third day Léri, Froment, Mahar, 1915 573

412. Shell explosion: Hemiplegia. Plantar areflexia Dejerine, 1915 575

413. Shell explosion: Tic versus spasm Meige, 1916 577

414. Shell explosion: Tremors, anæsthesias Mott, 1916 580

415. Hysteria, appendix to trauma MacCurdy, 1917 582

416. Peripheral nerve injury: Neurasthenic hyperalgesia Weygandt, 1915 583

417. Soldier lead worker: Peripheral neuritis Shufflebotham, 1915 584

418. “Peripheral neuritis” cured by faradism Cargill, 1916 585

419. Late tetanus Bouquet, 1916 586

420. Spasmodic neurosis and neurasthenia Oppenheim, 1915 588

421. Hysterical and reflex (“physiopathic”) disorders Babinski, 1916 590

422. Bullet wound: Paralysis non-“organic,” non-hysterical, i.e. reflex Babinski, Froment, 1917 592

423. Asymmetry of reflexes under chloroform Babinski, Froment, 1917 594

424. Reflexes under chloroform Babinski, Froment, 1915 595

425. Same Babinski, Froment, 1915 596

426. Shrapnel wound: Monoplegia, hysterical and organic Babinski, Froment, 1917 597

427. Gunshot, later Erb’s palsy: “reflex”? Oppenheim, 1915 598

428. Paralysis hysterical? Organic? Gougerot, Charpentier, 1916 600

429. Same Gougerot, Charpentier, 1916 602

430. Same Gougerot, Charpentier, 1916 604

431.} Reflex “paralysis” Delherm, 1916 606 432.}

433. Shell explosion: Functional blindness, monosymptomatic Crouzon, 1915 609

434. Retrobulbar neuritis (nitrophenol) Sollier, Jousset, 1917 611

435. Eye symptoms, hysterical Westphal, 1915 613

436. Sandbag on head: Eye symptoms: Lenses Harwood, 1916 615

437. Hemianopsia, organic or functional? Steiner, 1915 616

438. Hysterical pseudoptosis Laignel-Lavastine, Ballet, 1916 617

439. Shell explosion: Rombergism Beck, 1915 620

440. Case for otologists and neurologists Roussy, Boisseau, 1917 622

441. Jacksonian syndrome: Hysterical Jeanselme, Huet, 1915 625

442. Leg tic: Phobia against crabs Duprat, 1917 627

443. Convulsions reminiscent of fright Duprat, 1917 628

444. Fatigue, delusions, fugue Mallet, 1917 629

445. Obsessions and fugue Mallet, 1917 631

446. Aprosexia and birdlike movements Chavigny, 1915 632

447. Shell explosion: Unconsciousness (45 days): Mutism Liébault, 1916 633

448. Shell explosion: Recurrent amnesia Mairet, Piéron, 1917 634

449. Shell explosion: Comrade killed: Amnesia Gaupp, 1915 635

450. Shell explosion: Recurrent amnesia Mairet, Piéron, 1915 636

451. Soldiers’ heart, neurotic and organic MacCurdy, 1917 639

452. Soldiers’ heart, neurotic MacCurdy, 1917 640

453. Shell explosion: Hysteria: Malingering (?) Myers, 1916 642

454. Officer who could not kick Mills, 1917 644

455. “Simulation”: Diagnosis incorrect Voss, 1916 645

456. Wound: Hysterical edema? Lebar, 1915 646

457. Head trauma: simulation? Hysteria? Surgical? Voss, 1916 648

458. Disease and disorder to avoid service Collie, 1916 649

459. Yes-No test in anesthesia Mills, 1917 651

460. Guardhouse test Roussy, 1915 651

461. Light in a dark room Briand, Kalt, 1917 652

462. Mutism simulated Sicard, 1915 654

463. Deafmutism simulated Myers, 1916 655

464. Same: Explained by patient Myers, 1916 657

465. Deafmutism: Appearance of malingering Gradenigo, 1917 658

466. A lame rascal Gilles, 1917 659

467. Picric acid jaundice Briand, Haury, 1916 660

468. Swelling of hand and arm, 7 months Léri, Roger, 1915 663

469. Shell-shy German Gaupp, 1915 664

470. Germany sends back a simulator Marie, 1915 664

471. Simulation of Quincke’s disease Lewitus, 1915 665

472. “Pensionitis” Collie, 1915 666

Section D. Shell-Shock Treatment and Results

473. Deafmutism: Spontaneous cure Mott, 1916 672

474. Two returns to the front Gilles, 1916 675

475. Vicissitudes in 15 months Purser, 1917 676

476. Deafmutism: Spontaneous cure Jones, 1915 678

477. Course of an oniric delirium Buscaino, Coppola, 1916 679

478. Same Buscaino, Coppola, 1916 681

479. Paraplegia: Cure by Iron Cross Nonne, 1915 682

480. Mutism cured by getting drunk Proctor, 1915 682

481. Mutism cured by working in vineyard Anon, 1916 683

482. Deafmutism: Spontaneous recovery of speech. Recovery of hearing by isolation Zanger, 1915 684

483. Excess of sympathy on furlough Binswanger, 1915 685

484. Hysterical seizures treated by hydrotherapy Hirschfeld, 1915 688

485. Low blood pressure treated by pituitrin Green, 1917 690

486. Manual contracture: Various treatments Duvernay, 1915 691

487. Massage and mechanotherapy Sollier, 1916 692

488. Mine explosion; headache: Lumbar puncture Ravaut, 1915 693

489. Hysterical clenched fist: Treatment by fatigue of flexors Reeve, 1917 694

490. Hysterical adduction of arm: Treatment by induced fatigue Reeve, 1917 695

491. Hysterical cross-legs: Treatment by induced fatigue Reeve, 1917 696

492. Hysterical torticollis: Treatment by induced fatigue Reeve, 1917 697

493. Claw foot (2 years): Cure by induced fatigue Reeve, 1917 698

494. Traumatic and post-traumatic effects: Surgical treatment Binswanger, 1917 699

495. Vomiting: Cure by restoration of self-confidence McDowell, 1917 701

496. Self-accusatory delusions: Treatment by “autognosis” Brown, 1916 702

497.} Deafmutism in three men shell-shocked at one time 498.} Roussy, 1915 703 499.}

500. Vomiting; incontinence, abasia: Cure by persuasion McDowell, 1916 705-706

501. Hysterical convulsions cured by an explanation Hurst, 1917 706

502. Course of a case with crises of trembling Roussy, 1915 706

503.} Two cases of lameness cured by persuasion Russel, 1917 707 504.}

505. Head trauma: Treatments by bandage, isolation, open air and to-and-fro transfers Binswanger, 1915 708

506. Rationalization of war memories Rivers, 1918 712

507. Same Rivers, 1918 713

508. Same Rivers, 1918 714

509. Same Rivers, 1918 715

510. Same, without redeeming feature as nucleus of rationalization Rivers, 1918 716

511. Paraplegia cured by removal of crutches Veale, 1917 717

512. Same Veale, 1917 718

513. Paraplegia: Chocolates versus isolation Buzzard, 1916 719

514. Blindness, mutism, deafness. Immediate spontaneous recovery from the first; gradual recovery from second; deafness cured by “small operation” Hurst, 1917 720

515. Deafness: Treatment by stimulating vestibular apparatus O’Malley, 1916 721

516. Mutism: Treatment by operative manipulation Morestin, 1915 722

517. Visual impairment: Treatment by suggestion, faradism injections Mills, 1915 724

518. Aphonia: Treatment by manipulation in larynx O’Malley, 1916 725

519. Same Vlasto, 1917 727

520. Mutism, amnesia: Treatment by faradism; climatic cure in dream Smyly, 1917 728

521. Blindness: Cure by injections in temple Bruce, 1916 729

522. Deafness cured by suggestion in writing Buscaino, 1916 730

523. Reproduction of Shell-shock story in hypnosis: Recovery Myers, 1916 732

524. Same Myers, 1916 733

525. Automatism, amnesia, deafmutism: Recovery by hypnosis Myers, 1916 734

526. Mutism: Recovery by hypnosis Hurst, 1917 736

527. Stammering: Cure by hypnosis Hurst, 1917 737

528. Mutism and amnesia: Cure by hypnosis Myers, 1916 739

529. Victoria Cross winner: Bayonet clutch contracture revealed by hypnosis Eder, 1916 741

530. Contracture: Hypnotic cure “indecently quick” Nonne, 1915 742

531. “Doll’s head” anesthesia: Mutism: Cure by hypnosis Nonne, 1915 744

532. Mine explosion: Tremors (also ante bellum tremors): Cure by hypnosis Grünbaum, 1916 745

533. Astasia-abasia: Cure by hypnosis Nonne, 1915 747

534. Crural monoplegia: Cure by hypnosis Hurst, 1917 748

535. Tremors and sensory disorders: Cure by hypnosis Nonne, 1915 749

536. Paraplegia of gradual development: Cure by repeated hypnosis Nonne, 1915 751

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