Book Iii. Chaps. Xi-Xii. - the History of Rashi's Influence Forms

part of the general history of later rabbinical literature. Mention, therefore, may be made of the following works, besides the history of Graetz, the works of Geiger and of A. Levy, and the references in Winter und Wunsche, II:

Zunz, <I>Zur Geschichte und Literatur</I>.

Renan [and Neubauer], <I>Les rabbins francais (Histoire litteraire de la France</I>), Paris, 1877.

L. Wogue, <I>Histoire de la Bible et de l'exegese biblique</I>, Paris, 1881.

I.H. Weiss, <I>Dor Dor we-Dorshaw</I>, iv and V.

Gross, <I>Gallia judaica</I>, Paris, 1897, passim.

Berliner, <I>Beitrage zur Geschichte der Raschi-Commentare</I>, Berlin, 1903.

It is impossible to enumerate all the monographs and all the magazine articles. Concerning Samuel b. Meir, see Rosin, <I>R. Samuel ben Meir als Schrifterklarer</I>, Breslau, 1880; concerning Jacob Tam, see Weiss, <I>Rabbenu Tam</I>, in the <I>Bet Talmud</I>, iii; concerning Jacob b. Simson, see Epstein in the <I>Revue des etudes juives</I>, xxxv, pp.240 <I>et seq.</I>; concerning Shemaiah, see A. Epstein in the <I>Monatsschrift</I>, xli, pp.257, 296, 564; concerning Simson b. Abraham, see H. Gross in the <I>Revue des etudes juives</I>, vii and viii; concerning Judah Sir Leon, see Gross in Berliner's <I>Magazin</I>, iv and V.

The influence of Rashi upon Nicholas de Lyra and Luthcr is the subject of an essay by Siegfried in <I>Archiv fur wissenschaftliche Erforsehung des Alten Testaments</I>, i and ii. For Nicholas de Lyra alone, see Neumann in the <I>Revue des etudes juives</I>, xxvi and xxvii.

Concerning Rashi's descendants, see Epstein, <I>Mishpahat Luria et Kohen-Zedek</I> in <I>Ha-Goren</I>, i, Appendix.

NOTES

1 See W. Bacher, <I>Raschi una Maimuni, Monatsschrift,</I> XLIX, pp.1 <I>et seq.</I> Also D. Yellin and I. Abrahams, <I>Maimonides.</I> Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1903.

2 A legend has it that Vespasian made some Jews embark on three vessels, which were then abandoned on the open sea. One of the ships reached Aries, another Lyons, and the third Bordeaux. See Gross, <I>Gallia judaica,</I> p.74.

3 See, for example, p.164.

4 See Note 10.

5 Israel Levi.

6 Theodor Reinach, <I>La Grande Encyclopedie, s. v.</I> Juifs.

7 However, there had been Talmudists in France before this period.

6 In the first quarter of the eleventh century Burchard, bishop of Worms, wrote the famous compilation which became one of the sources of canonical law. Concerning Lorraine, its Jews and Talmudical schools, see chap. II, p.46 <I>et seq.</I>

9 Not, as has been said with more ingenuity than verity, from Rosh Shibte Iehudah, chief of the tribes of Judah. Others, transposing the letters of "Rashi," called him <I>Yashar,</I> "the Just." He himself signed his name Solomon bar (not ben) Isaac, or Berabi Isaac. Once he wrote his signature Solomon of Troyes.

10 Since "lune," moon, in Hebrew "yerah," is contained in "Lunel," a number of scholars coming from Lunel bore the surname "Yarhi." The city, in fact, is sometimes called "Jericho," as a result of that system of geographical nomenclature to which we owe the name "Kiryat Yearim" for Nimes (derived from the Latin <I>nemus</I>), and "Har" for Montpellier, etc. Through an analogy, based not so much upon the significance of the words as upon a sort of assonance, Spain, France, and Britain in rabbinical literature received the Hebrew names of Sefarad, Zarfat, and Rifat. Likewise the city of Dreux is called Darom, and so on.

11 A spurious Rashi genealogy from Johanan ha-Sandlar was worked out in Italy at the end of the seventeenth century. In