CHAPTER IX.. On the Basis of Ethics.

ON THE BASIS OF ETHICS.

1. Principles involved in theory of evolution, 263 2. Unsuccessful application of these principles to ethics, 264 (a) The principles being treated empirically, 265 (b) No logical transition having been effected from efficient to final cause, 267 3. Difference between causality and teleology, 269 4. Reference to self-consciousness implied in evolution, 277 (a) Attempt to trace the genesis of self-consciousness, 278 (b) Attempt to trace morality from reflex action, 283 5. The unity of self-consciousness, 284 (a) As making possible the transition from knowledge to morality, 284 (b) As determining the character of the ethical end, 286 (c) As showing that the realisation of the end must be progressive, 291

THE ETHICS OF NATURALISM.